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Potentials of using dietary plant secondary metabolites to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle:Impacts,mechanisms and perspectives

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 327-334页

作者： Jian Gao guangyong zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University100193 BeijingChina

Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a potent greenhouse gas as well as the key component depleting the ozone sphere of the earth.Cattle have high feed and water intakes and excrete large amounts of urine and feces.N_(2)O can be produced from cattle excreta during storage and use as fertilizer.Mitigating the N_(2)O emissions from cattle excreta during production is important for protecting the environment and the sustainable development of the cattle industry.Feeding cattle with low-protein diets increases N utilization rates,decreases N excretion and consequently reduces N_(2)O emissions.However,this approach cannot be applied in the long term because of its negative impact on animal performance.Recent studies showed that dietary inclusion of some plant secondary metabolites such as tannins,anthocyanins,glucosinolates and aucubin could manipulate the N excretion and the urinary components and consequently regulate N_(2)O emissions from cattle excreta.This review summarized the recent developments in the effects of dietary tannins,anthocyanins and glucosinolates on the metabolism of cattle and the N_(2)O emissions from cattle excreta and concluded that dietary inclusion of tannins or anthocyanins could considerably reduce N_(2)O emissions from cattle excreta.

关键词： Anthocyanin Aucubin Cattle Glucosinolate Nitrous oxide Tannin

Effects of dietary inclusion with rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates on nitrogen metabolism and urine nitrous oxide emissions in steers

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 204-215页

作者： Jian Gao Bingbing Cheng Yanfeng Sun Yuchao zhao guangyong zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of glucosinolates(GLS)in rapeseed cake(RSC)on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions in steers.In trial 1,8 steers and 4 levels of RSC,i.e.0,2.7%,5.4%and 8.0%dry matter(DM)(0,6.0,12.1,18.1 mmol GLS/g DM)were allocated in a replicated 4×4 Latin square.In trial 2,the static incubation technique was used for measuring the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected from trial 1.The results of trial 1 indicated that dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the digested N and increased the fecal N excretion(P0.10).Dietary inclusion of RSC decreased the urinary excretion of urea while it increased allantoin,total purine derivatives,the predicted rumen microbial N flow and thiocyanate(SCN)(P<0.05).Dietary inclusion of RSC did not affect the plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine while it down-regulated the plasma relative concentrations of 4-aminohippuric acid,3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid,phosphatidylserine(14:0/16:0),6b-hydroxyprogesterone,pyrrhoxanthinol,tatridin B,mandelonitrile rutinoside,taraxacoside(P<0.05),and up-regulated hypoglycin B,neuromedin N(1-4),dhurrin,5-deoxykievitone(P<0.01).The results of trial 2 indicated that dietary RSC increased the steer urine N_(2)OeN fluxes,the ratio of N_(2)OeN to N application and the estimated steer urine N_(2)OeN emissions(P<0.01).A close correlation was found between the estimated steer urine N_(2)OeN emissions and the output of urinary SCN(P<0.001).In conclusion,dietary RSC increased the fecal N excretion,whereas it did not affect the urinary N excretion and the N retention rate in steers.Dietary RSC increased rather than decreased the urine N_(2)OeN emissions even though it decreased the urinary excretion of urea.The SCN excreted in urine could be the major factor in increasing the urine N_(2)OeN emissions.Whether other metabolites excreted into urine from RSC have an impact on the urine N_(2

关键词： Cattle Glucosinolates Nitrogen metabolism Nitrous oxide Rapeseed cake

Evaluation of Holstein cows with different tongue‑rolling frequencies:stress immunity,rumen environment and general behavioural activity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2686-2700页

作者： Fuyu Sun Xiaoyang Chen Yongfeng Li guangyong zhao Xianhong Gu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaidian DistrictNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijingChina. College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityHaidian DistrictNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijingChina. Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesHaidian DistrictNo.12 Zhongguancun South StreetBeijingChina

Background The tongue-rolling behaviour of cows is regarded as an outward sign of stressed animals in a low welfare status.The primary aim of this observational study was to evaluate the association between the frequency of tongue-rolling behaviour and its physiological function.The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between general activities and the frequency of tongue-rolling behaviour of cows.A total of 126 scan sampling behavioural observations were collected over 7 d on 348 Holstein cows with the same lactation stage in the same barn.The tongue-rolling frequency was defined as the number of tongue-rolling observations as a percentage to the total observations per individual cow.According to their tongue-rolling frequency,the cows were grouped into the CON(no tongue-rolling),LT(frequency 1%),MT(frequency 5%),and HT(frequency 10%)groups.Six cows from each group were randomly selected for sampling.Serum samples,rumen fluid,milk yield,and background infor-mation were collected.The general behaviour data during 72 continuous hours of dairy cows,including eating time,rumination time,food time(eating time+rumination time),and lying time,were recorded by the collar sensor.Results Cortisol(P=0.012),γ-hydroxybutyric acid(P=0.008),epinephrine(P=0.030),and dopamine(P=0.047)levels were significantly higher in tongue-rolling groups than in the CON group.Cortisol levels and tongue-rolling frequency had a moderate positive correlation(linearly r=0.363).With the increase in tongue-rolling frequency,the rumen pH decreased first and then increased(P=0.013),comparing to the CON group.HT cows had significantly less food time than CON cows(P=0.035).The frequency of tongue-rolling had a moderate negative relationship with rumination time(r=-0.384)and food time(r=-0.492).Conclusions The tongue-rolling behaviour is considered as a passive coping mechanism,as the stress response in cows with high tongue-rolling frequency increased.Food intake and rumination activities were all closely related to the occurrence of tongue-r

关键词： General activity Holstein cow Rumen fermentation Stress immunity Tongue rolling

USING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RUMINAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RUMINANTS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第3期10卷 390-402页

作者： Jian SUN guangyong zhao Meng M.LI State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.

关键词： nutritional strategy mitigation microbe methane ruminant

Adding polyethylene glycol to steer ration containing sorghum tannins increases crude protein digestibility and shifts nitrogen excretion from feces to urine

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 779-786页

作者： Biao Xie Xiao Yang Ling Yang Xianjiang Wen guangyong zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University100193BeijingChina Sorghum Research Institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences030600JinzhongChina

The objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of adding polyethylene glycol(PEG)to steer ration containing high sorghum tannins on rumen fermentation,nutrient digestion,nitrogen(N)balance and plasma biochemical parameters.Eight growing steers at 16 months of age were allotted to a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 4 treatments and 4 periods(19 d each).Polyethylene glycol at 0,1.75,3.50 and 7.00 g/kg dry matter(DM)were added to a basal ration containing 27.82%DM of sorghum grain(total tannins 3.3 g/kg DM)as the treatments.The results indicated that adding PEG quadratically increased the ruminal pH(P=0.049),tended to linearly increase the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids(P=0.070),increased the molar proportion of acetate(P=0.016),linearly decreased the molar proportion of butyrate(P=0.015),and tended to increase the molar proportion of iso-valerate(P=0.061)and the ruminal concentration of ammonia N(P=0.092).Adding PEG tended to quadratically decrease the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea(P=0.082),linearly decreased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes(P=0.008)and decreased the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(P=0.048)at 7.00 g/kg DM.Dietary addition with PEG increased the crude protein(CP)digestibility(P0.05).It was concluded that adding PEG effectively improved the CP digestibility of the ration containing high sorghum tannins but increased the urinary urea excretion without improving the N retention and N retention rate

关键词： Sorghum tannin Polyethylene glycol Cattle Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility Nitrogen retention

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传统武德融入高校思政教育的路径探析

武术研究 2022年第2期7卷 78-81页

作者：赵光勇上海体育学院附属竞技体育学校上海200438

文章通过文献资料法等,对传统武德与思政教育的内涵及其联系进行分析,探索其融入高校思政教育路径。主要结论:以"仁""义""忠""信"为主要内容的精神内涵,可以作为思政教育内容的重要来源;以"言传身教""崇武尚德"为准则的行为理念,可以成... 详细信息

文章通过文献资料法等,对传统武德与思政教育的内涵及其联系进行分析,探索其融入高校思政教育路径。主要结论:以"仁""义""忠""信"为主要内容的精神内涵,可以作为思政教育内容的重要来源;以"言传身教""崇武尚德"为准则的行为理念,可以成为践行思政教育"立德树人"有效方法,而传统武德悠久的历史文化底蕴,则有利于提高大学生的文化自信。建议:将传统武德引入思政课程教材的编写内容,培养具有思政与武德双重素养的师资力量;全方位营造"立德树人"的校园文化氛围。

关键词：中国武术传统武德思政教育