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Numerical analysis for contribution of the Tibetan Plateau to dust aerosols in the atmosphere over the East Asia

Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第2期56卷 301-310页

作者： MAO Rui GONG DaoYi SHAO YaPing wu guangjian BAO JingDong State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology University of CologneCologne D-50923Germany Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Although the Tibetan Plateau is widely thought as a potential dust source to the atmosphere over East Asia,little is known about the temporal changes of Tibetan dust activities and Tibetan dust source *** this study,we address these two issues by analyzing dust storm frequencies and aerosol index through remote sensing data and by means of numerical *** findings indicate that monthly dust profiles over the Tibetan Plateau vary significantly with *** the surface,dust concentration increases from October,reaches its maximum in February March,and then *** the middle to upper troposphere,dust concentration increases from January,reaches its maximum in May June,and decreases *** Tibetan dust sources are important contributors to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau,their contribution to dust in the troposphere over eastern China is *** contribution of Tibetan dust sources to dust in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau decreases sharply with height,from 69% at the surface,40% in the lower troposphere,and 5% in the middle ***,the contribution shows seasonal changes,with dust sources at the surface at approximately 80% between November and May and 45% between June and September;in the middle and upper troposphere,dust sources are between 21% from February to March and less than 5% in the other ***,dust aerosols originating from the Tibetan Plateau contribute to less than 10% of dust in East Asia.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau dust aerosol aerosol index numerical dust modeling dust sources

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Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core,West Kunlun Mountains,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第21期53卷 3379-3386页

作者： LIU XianQin XU BaiQing YAO TanDong WANG NingLian wu guangjian State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chroma-tography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955―*** the period rep-resented by the core,OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly,varied in the range of 17.7―216.7 and 6.5―124.6,and averaged 61.8,32.9 ng·g-1,*** average concen-tration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record(100―300 ng·g-1) during the same period,but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core(2.3 ng·g-1),this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study *** indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations(1955―1965 and 1974―1989) and two periods with low concentrations(1966―1973 and 1990―1995),as well as a recent increasing *** com-paring EC and SO42- concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core,we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.

关键词：冰层磁芯碳微粒物中国昆仑山

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Age and genesis of the Shagou River terraces in eastern Qi-lian Mountains

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第6期46卷 509-513页

作者： PAN Baotian wu guangjian WANG Yixiang LIU Zhigang GUAN Qingyu Department of Geography Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The fluvial terrace sequence in eastern Qilian Mountains is a record of periodic uplift events of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on paleomagnetic dating, thermolumines-cence dating, radio carbon dating and loess-paleosol sequence on terraces, we preliminarily determine the ages of five major terraces of the Shagou River, northern side of the Qilian Mountains. The ages of five terraces were about 830, 418, 250,140 and 10 ka, respectively. Analysis on characteristics of terraces show that five major terraces were mainly tectonic genesis. Therefore, five major terraces recorded five strong rising events in the Qilian Mountains during the past 830 ka. The ages of those rising events are about the same as those terraces formation. Sub-terraces, constituting a main terrace, were perhaps mainly formed by climatic changes.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Qilian Mountains terrace uplift.

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Advances in ice avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1814-1829页

作者： TANG Minggao LI Guang ZHAO Huanle XU Qiang wu guangjian YANG Wei GUO Daojing State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Environment and Civil Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

As some of the greatest natural disasters in the cryosphere,ice avalanches(IAs)seriously threaten lives and cause catastrophic damage to the resource environment,but a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on IAs remains *** summarized 63 IAs on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)since the 20th century,of which,over 20 IAs occurred after the 21st *** distributions of IAs are mainly concentrated in the southeastern and northwestern TP,and the occurrence time of IAs is mostly concentrated from July to *** highlight recent advances in mechanical properties and genetic mechanisms of IAs and emphasize that temperature,rainfall,and seismicity are the inducing *** failure modes of IAs are summarized into 6 categories by examples:slip pulling type,slip toppling type,slip breaking type,water level collapse type,cave roof collapse type,and wedge failure ***,we deliver recommendations concerning the risk assessment and prediction of *** results provide important scientific value for addressing climate change and resisting glacier-related hazards.

关键词： Ice avalanche Global warming Genetic mechanism Risk assessment Tibetan Plateau

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Seasonal variations of dust record in the Muztagata ice cores

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第16期53卷 2506-2512页

作者： wu guangjian YAO TanDong XU BaiQing TIAN LiDe LI Zhen DUAN KeQin Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Based on the oxygen isotope ratio and microparticle record in ice cores recovered at Mt. Muztagata, Eastern Pamirs, the seasonal variations of atmospheric dust have been reconstructed for the past four decades. High dust concentrations and coarser particle grains have the similar trend with oxygen iso- tope value. Our statistical results indicate that 50%―60% high dust concentration samples occur dur- ing the season with high oxygen isotope values (summer), while low dust storm frequency during spring and winter. Back-trajectory analysis shows that the air mass hitting Muztagata predominately came from West Asia (such as Iran-Afghanistan Plateau) and Central Asia, which are the main dust source area for Muztagata. Dust storms in those source areas most frequently occur during summer (from May to August), while frequent dust storm events in northern China mainly occur during spring (March to May). Regions in the path of Asian dust transport, such as in Japan, the North Pacific, and Greenland, also show high dust concentrations during spring (from March to May). Our results indicate that dust storms have different seasonality in different regions within Asia.

关键词：灰尘季节变化冰层氧同位素

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Recent high-resolution glaciochemical record from a Dasuopu firn core of middle Himalayas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第3期53卷 418-425页

作者： WANG PengLing YAO TanDong TIAN LiDe wu guangjian LI Zhen YANG Wei Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China National Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A 16.8 m firn core of middle Himalayas was recovered on the col of Dasuopu glacier in August 2006,being 7000 m above sea level.A total of 317 samples were measured for stable oxygen isotope ratios(δ18O)and major ion concentrations(Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl?,SO42?,and NO3?).The firn core dating and seasonal partitioning were carried out based on the marked seasonal variations along the stable oxygen isotopes and crustal species(Ca2+,Mg2+)*** multi-parameters and high-resolution glaciochemical data set of Dasuopu firn core recorded the detailed chemical characteristics of pre-cipitation in high-elevation region,middle Himalayas,since 1991 A.D.,which mainly originated from the crustal and anthropogenic sources,while the sea-salt contribution was *** seasonal variability of major ion concentrations was dominated by the seasonal alternation of the prevalent air mass,at-mospheric circulation situation and precipitation *** regression analysis indicated that most of the variance in annual ionic fluxes can be explained by a linear dependence on snow accumu-lation rate.

关键词：喜马拉雅山脉季节变化南亚季风冰川冰芯

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Quick ice mass loss and abrupt retreat of the maritime glaciers in the Kangri Karpo Mountains, southeast Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第16期53卷 2547-2551页

作者： YANG Wei YAO TanDong XU BaiQing wu guangjian MA LingLong XIN XiaoDong Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China National Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The maritime glaciers are sensitive to climate change because of high annual precipitation and high air temperature in the region. A combined comprehensive study was carried out based on glacier mass balance observation, GPS-based glacier terminus position survey, glacier Ground Penetrating Radar, topography maps and RS satellite images in the Kangri Karpo Mountains, Southeast Tibet. The study revealed a strong ice mass loss and quick glacier retreat since the 1970s. Ata Glacier, one glacier from the south slope of the Kangri Karpo Mountains, has formed a 6-km-long terminal moraine zone at the end of the glacier since the 1970s, and the accelerating retreat is largely due to the strong glacier sur- face melting. Mass balance study on the other four glaciers on the northern side of the Kangri Karpo Mountains shows that they are in large negative mass balance and the glaciers had retreated 15―19 m from May 2006 to May 2007. The in-situ glacier observation also shows that the glacier retreat is more obvious in small glaciers. The enhanced ice mass deficit caused by climate warming and the ongoing extinction of many small glaciers in this region could seriously affect the water resources, environ- ments, local climate and regional sustainable development in the near future.

关键词：西藏高原海上冰川山脉气候变化

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Chernobyl nuclear accident revealed from the 7010 m Muztagata ice core record

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第10期52卷 1436-1439页

作者： TIAN LiDe YAO TanDong wu guangjian LI Zhen XU BaiQing LI YueFang Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The total activity variation with depth from a 41.6 m Muztagata ice core drilled at 7010 m, recorded not only the 1963 radioactive layer due to the thermonuclear test, but also clearly the radioactive peak released by the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This finding indicates that the Chernobyl nuclear accident was clearly recorded in alpine glaciers in the Pamirs of west China, and the layer can be potentially used for ice core dating in other high alpine glaciers in the surrounding regions.

关键词：切尔诺贝利核事故新疆慕士塔格山冰芯记录放射性

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Characterization of individual fly ash particles in surface snow at Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第34期56卷 3464-3473页

作者： ZHANG XueLei wu guangjian YAO TanDong ZHANG ChengLong YUE YaHui Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China＂ State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

This research aimed to identify and characterize individual spherical fly ash particles extracted from surface snow at Urumqi Glacier No.1 (UG1), Eastern Tien Shan, central Asia. Characterization of the spherical particles (i.e. morphology, chemical composition and genesis) was obtained by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). This method enabled the characterization of submicroscopic spherical particles, which were present in very small quantities. Spherical particles and agglomerates were identified according to their morphology in five snow samples. Prevalent particle types in all samples were granular spherical particles, hollow spherical particles, irregularly shaped carbonaceous particles and agglomerates. The vast majority of spherical particles in our samples had mostly smooth and glossy surfaces, although these particles varied in diameter and elemental composition. The diameter of fly ash particles ranged from 0.76 to 16.7 m, with an average of 3.79 m (median: 3.21 m). Individual particle analyses of elemental composition showed that particles formed in combustion were mainly composed of carbon, silicon, aluminum and trace elements (e.g. Na, K, Ca, Fe). Some spherical fly ash particles contained toxic heavy metals (e.g. Pb, Cr, As, Zn), and indicated that fly ash particles acted as the main possible carriers of toxic heavy metals deposited in snow and ice of glaciers in high altitudes of central Asia. On the basis of chemical information obtained from EDX, the fly ash particles deposited in the snow could be classified into four types. Namely, Si-dominant particles, with average diameters of 3.24 m were formed by industrial coal combustion via high temperature processes in typical coal-fired heating stations and thermal power plants. Moreover, Fe-dominant particles, with average diameters of 3.82 m, and Ti-dominant spherical particles formed by lower temperature processes in foundry and iron or steel plan

关键词：天山1号冰川球形颗粒乌鲁木齐表层雪表征粉煤灰颗粒有毒重金属平均直径

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Glaciochemical records from Naimona’Nyi ice core in the Himalayas

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2006年第4期16卷 465-471页

作者： LIU Yongqin YAO Tandong TIAN Lide XU Baiqin wu guangjian Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

A 6-m ice core was recovered in 2004 from the Naimona＇Nyi Glacier, the middle Himalayas. Empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis on the major ion reveals that EOF1 represents the variations of majority of ions which may be originated from crustal aerosols. Comparing the calcium concentrations from the Naimona＇Nyi with these from Dasuopu, East Rongbuk and Guliya ice cores, it is observed that calcium, a good indicator of the input of crustal aerosol in snow, concentrates mostly in the Guliya ice core located on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and gradually decreases from west to east in the Himalayas.

关键词： Himalayas ice core Naimona'Nyi ion concentration crustal aerosol

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