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A Survey on the Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and Its Impact on Child Oral Health-related Quality of Life of 3-4 years old Children in Conghua

A Survey on the Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and Its...

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中华口腔医学会第14次全国口腔医学学术会议（2012年...

作者： guanghua school of stomatology,sun yat-sen university,guangzhou,guangdong province(510055) limuyue

Objectives The objectives of this survey were to explore the early childhood caries(ECC) among 3-4 years old children in Conghua of guangzhou and explore the possible relationship between child oral health-related quality of life and ECC. Methods This study followed a cross-sectional design,with a random cluster sample of 1062 schoolchildren aged 3-4 years,representative of Conghua of *** completed the Chinese version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS),their parents answered questions on demographic and socioeconomic status,and a dental examination provided information on the prevalence of *** univariate analyses of t-test,One-Way ANOVA,Spearman correlate analysis and multiple analysis of ANCOVA were used. Results 510 of the 1062 participants had ECC,while others were *** prevalence of ECC was 47.6%,with a mean dmft(decayed-missing-filled tooth)score at 1.9 or a mean dmfs(decayed-missing-filled tooth surface)score at *** ft (filled tooth)only made up 7.8%of the dft(decayed-filled tooth)*** most prevalent teeth of ECC were maxillary primary incisors,maxillary and mandibular primary *** most prevalent surfaces were proximal and occlusal surfaces. The total ECOHIS scores,from the scale sets returned,are 0-31,and their average scores are 3.1±*** the results of the reliability analysis of the scale,the Cronbach’s a,the internal consistency reliability,is *** the results of the validity analysis,the correlation coefficients between items and the scale are *** results of the final multiple analysis of ANCOVA showed that the ECOHIS score and subscale scores correlated strongly with the dmfs indices. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were not associated with COHRQoL. Conclusions 1:The prevalence of ECC in 3-4 years old children in Conghua of guangzhou was 47.6%and mean dmft was *** ratio of ft/dft was low and treatment need is huge. 2:The Chinese version of the ECOHIS

关键词： Early childhood caries child oral health-related quality of life cross-sectional survey

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Solubility and adhesion properties of porcine hydroxyapatite

Solubility and adhesion properties of porcine hydroxyapatite

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中华口腔医学会第14次全国口腔医学学术会议（2012年...

作者： guanghua school of stomatology,sun yat-sen university,56 Ling Yuan Road West, guangzhou,guangdong province,China,(510055)Chen Zetao,Chen Zhuofan

Objectives *** the solubility isotherm of PHA,synthesized by our team,at 37℃. Identify the chemical composition and crystal structure of the precipitate formed at equilibrium with different pH value. *** synthesized PHA was seeded with human osteoblast-like MG63 cells and the subsequent adhesion was investigated. Methods *** titration was applied for the *** PHA was added in 100 mmol·LKC1 solution at 37℃,using a diode laser and light-scattering detector to identify the *** added calcium was plotted against final pH to construct the solubility isotherm of PHA in 100 mmol·Laqueous KC1,with the solubility of synthetic HA as *** crystal structure,components and molar Ca/P ratio of PHA and the equilibrium precipitates were determined by XRD,FTIR,EDS,ESEM and TEM. *** powders were compressed into round disc and the surface roughness and contact angle were *** was applied to outline the surface morphology of the disc and adhesion of MG63 cells after seeding the *** or amino acid absorption was estimated by XPS and ***-8 assay was carried out to compare the adhesion of MG63 on the surface of PHA disc,with different culture time(0.5 h,1h and 2h). Results *** molar Ca/P ratio of the PHA titrant was approximately 1.49 and the structure confirmed to be apatitic containing Na,Mgand *** solubility of PHA in 100 mol·Laqueous KCl was lower than that of synthetic HA determining by solid titration from pH 3.0 to 5.0 at 37℃.The solubility increased significantly with the decrease of pH *** was the only phase found at equilibrium. *** of the PHA disc was rough,with the Ra value *** micro-porous structure retained,and the contact angle was 52°.As shown from the XPS and FTIR figures,surface of the PHA disc could absorbed protein or amino acid from cell culture medium and MG63 cells could well attach to the ***63 cells extended pseudopod and migrated to the adjacent *** value demon

关键词： hydroxyapatite solubility solid titration MG63 adhesion

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The study of relationship between surface wettability of different cured adhesives and the accumulation of bacterial biofilm in vitro

The study of relationship between surface wettability of dif...

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中华口腔医学会第14次全国口腔医学学术会议（2012年...

作者： guanghua school of stomatology,sun yat-sen university,YueXiu District,guangzhou City,guangdong province(510055),Yang Huo-chuan,Prof.Li Yan(Supervisor)

Objective: To compare the surface wettability of different cured adhesives,including three general dentin adhesives and an experimental hydrophobic *** the relationship between the wettability of different cured adhesives and the accumulation of in vitro *** biofilms,in order to provide experimental guide for the prophylaxis of secondary caries. Methods: Four groups of adhesive-resin discs(diameter = 8mm,thickness = 1mm)were fabricated,including Adper Single Bond 2,Clearfil SE Bond,Adper Easy One and an experimental adhesive(Bis-GMA/TEGDMA),which represented the two-step total-etch adhesive,two-step self-etch adhesive,one-step self-etch adhesive and hydrophobic adhesive *** surface roughness value(Ra)and contact angle(CA)of the specimens were evaluated with profilometer and contact angle *** specimens were cultivated with suspension of *** for 4 hrs and 24 *** accumulation of in vitro *** biofilms on cured adhesives were investigated with microplate *** initial formation and the mature process of *** biofilms on the cured adhesives were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Results: *** significantly different among the Ra of four groups(P>0.05);*** CA of the hydrophobic adhesive group were larger than the general adhesives groups,including Adper Single Bond 2,Clearfil SE Bond and Adper Easy One(Psented the two-step total-etch adhesive were larger than Clearfil SE Bond group which represented two-step self-etch adhesive(Psented one-step self-etch adhesive were larger than Clearfil SE Bond group (P<0.05);*** accumulation of in vitro *** biofilms in four hours and 24 hours were significantly different among four groups(P<0.05);the accumulation of biofilms on the hydrophobic adhesive group were more than Adper Single Bond 2 group and Clearfil SE Bond group(P<0.05);the accumulation of bi

关键词： Adhesive Surface roughness Contact angle Wettability Biofilm

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The burgeoning importance of PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer progression

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 653-662页

作者： Xinpei Deng Tianle Liao Jindong Xie Da Kang Yiwei He Yuying sun Zhangling Wang Yongluo Jiang Xuan Miao Yixuan Yan Hailin Tang Lewei Zhu Yutian Zou Peng Liu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China school of Medicine Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China guanghua school of stomatology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510062China The First People’s Hospital of Foshan Foshan 528000China

PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ *** studies have found that pi RNAs,as tissue-specific molecules,both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression,including cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,chemoresistance and ***,the atypical manifestation of pi RNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of ***,the precise functions of pi RNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully *** review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of pi RNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression,thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of pi RNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.

关键词： PIWI-interacting RNAs/piRNAs cancer progression metastasis chemoresistance stemness

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Risk measures for variable annuities: A hermite series expansion approach

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2019年第2期4卷 119-141页

作者： Zhenyu Cui Jinhyoung Kim guanghua Lian Yanchu Liu school of Business Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA Haas school of Business University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA school of Commerce University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia Lingnan(university)College Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

In this study,we propose an efficient approach to the calculation of risk measures for an insurer's liability from writing a variable annuity with guaranteed *** approach is based on a novel application of the Hermite series expansions on the transition density of a diffusion process to the insurance *** compare our method with existing methods in the literature,including the analytical method,spectral method and Green's function method,and illustrate its substantial advantages in calculating risk measures for variable annuities with different guarantee *** improved efficiency makes our method flexible to practical implementation in reporting risk measures on a daily *** also conduct a sensitivity analysis of the risk measures with respect to key parameters.

关键词： Variable annuity Guaranteed minimum maturity benefit Guaranteed minimum death benefit Value-at-Risk Conditional-tail-expectation

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Nerve bundle formation during the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration:collagenⅥ-neural cell adhesion molecule 1 interaction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1023-1033页

作者： Jia-Hui sun Ming Huang Zhou Fang Tian-Xiao Li Ting-Ting Wu Yi Chen Da-Ping Quan Ying-Ying Xu Yu-Ming Wang Yi Yang Jian-Long Zou Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of guangzhou Medical university Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health School of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Zhongshan school of Medicine Sun Yat-sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

The formation of nerve bundles,which is partially regulated by neural cell adhesion molecule 1(NCAM1),is important for neural network organization during peripheral nerve ***,little is known about how the extracellular matrix(ECM)microenvironment affects this ***,we seeded dorsal root ganglion tissue blocks on different ECM substrates of peripheral nerve ECM-derived matrixgel,Matrigel,laminin 521,collagen I,and collagen IV,and observed well-aligned axon bundles growing in the peripheral nerve ECM-derived *** confirmed that NCAM1 is necessary but not sufficient to trigger this phenomenon.A protein interaction assay identified collagen VI as an extracellular partner of NCAM1 in the regulation of axonal *** VI interacted with NCAM1 by directly binding to the FNIII domain,thereby increasing the stability of NCAM1 at the *** in vivo experiments on a rat sciatic nerve defect model also demonstrated orderly nerve bundle regeneration with improved projection accuracy and functional recovery after treatment with 10 mg/m L Matrigel and 20μg/m L collagen *** findings suggest that the collagen VI-NCAM1 pathway plays a regulatory role in nerve bundle *** study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of guangzhou Medical university(approval ***2019048)on April 30,2019.

关键词： axonal fasciculation collagen VI extracellular matrix microenvironment nerve bundle formation nerve projection neural cell adhesion molecule 1 neurogenesis peripheral nerve regeneration

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2017年夏季北极中央航道海冰观测特征及海冰密集度遥感产品评估

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海洋学报 2018年第11期40卷 54-63页

作者：郝光华赵杰臣李春花杨清华王江鹏孙晓宇张林国家海洋环境预报中心国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室北京100081 中山大学大气科学学院广东省气候变化与自然灾害研究重点实验室广东珠海519082 国家海洋技术中心天津300112

2017年夏季中国第八次北极科学考察期间,"雪龙"号极地考察船首次成功穿越北极中央航道,期间全程开展了海冰要素的人工观测。中央航道走航期间的平均海冰密集度和平均冰厚分别为0.64和1.5 m,海冰密集度时空变化大且以厚当年冰为主,高纬... 详细信息

2017年夏季中国第八次北极科学考察期间,"雪龙"号极地考察船首次成功穿越北极中央航道,期间全程开展了海冰要素的人工观测。中央航道走航期间的平均海冰密集度和平均冰厚分别为0.64和1.5 m,海冰密集度时空变化大且以厚当年冰为主,高纬密集冰区的浮冰大小显著高于海冰边缘区。基于"雪龙"号的船基走航观测海冰密集度评估比较了国际上常用的5种常用的微波遥感反演海冰密集度产品,同走航目测海冰密集度点对点的比较,误差最大的为德国不来梅大学AMSR2基于Bootstrap算法的产品,平均误差和均方根误差分别为0.19和0.28;误差最小的为欧洲气象卫星应用组织基于AMSR2数据和OSHD和TUD两种不同算法的产品,平均误差分别为-0.02和0.01,均方根误差均为0.20。从日平均比较来看,AMSR2基于Bootstrap算法的误差最大,平均误差和均方根误差分别为0.15和0.20;AMSR2/OSI SAF(TUD)的误差最小,平均误差和均方根误差分别为0.0和0.11,OSI SAF产品更接近人工观测结果。

关键词：北极中央航道海冰观测被动微波评估

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Ionomycin ameliorates hypophosphatasia via rescuing alkaline phosphatase deficiency-mediated L-type Ca^(2+) channel internalization in mesenchymal stem cells

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Bone Research 2020年第2期8卷 182-196页

作者： Bei Li Xiaoning He Zhiwei Dong Kun Xuan Wei sun Li Gao Shiyu Liu Wenjia Liu Chenghu Hu Yimin Zhao Songtao Shi Yan Jin State Key Laboratory of Military stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Center for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032 ShaanxiChina Xi’an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Xi’anChina Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anChina Institute forBiomedical Sciences of Pain Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anChina Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research Guanghua School of StomatologySun Yat-sen University74 Zhongshan 2RdGuangzhouGuangdongChina

The loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL result in hypophosphatasia(HPP), an inborn metabolic disorder that causes skeletal mineralization defects. In adults, the main clinical features are early loss of primary or secondary teeth, osteoporosis, bone pain,chondrocalcinosis, and fractures. However, guidelines for the treatment of adults with HPP are not available. Here, we show that ALPL deficiency caused a reduction in intracellular Ca2+ influx, resulting in an osteoporotic phenotype due to downregulated osteogenic differentiation and upregulated adipogenic differentiation in both human and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Increasing the intracellular level of calcium in BMSCs by ionomycin treatment rescued the osteoporotic phenotype in alpl+/- mice and BMSC-specific(Prrx1-alpl-/-) conditional alpl knockout mice. Mechanistically, ALPL was found to be required for the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ influx, which it achieves by regulating L-type Ca2+ channel trafficking via binding to the α2δsubunits to regulate the internalization of the L-type Ca2+ channel. Decreased Ca2+ flux inactivates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates lineage differentiation of BMSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of the ectoenzyme ALPL in the maintenance of calcium channel trafficking to regulate stem cell lineage differentiation and bone homeostasis. Accelerating Ca2+ flux through L-type Ca2+ channels by ionomycin treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach for adult patients with HPP.

关键词： GSK3β internalization homeostasis

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变应性鼻炎防治中环境控制和健康教育的中国专家共识(2024,北京)

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中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志 2024年第4期30卷 1-11页

作者：王洪田杨钦泰叶菁余少卿许元腾孟娟杨玉成唐隽洪海裕顾瑜蓉刘文龙张维天王向东张立强许昱魏欣陈建军左可军安云芳刘锋李勇王天生陆美萍孟粹达谢志海孙悦奇邱前辉曾明许成利王英杨艳莉徐睿喻国冻石照辉叶惠平孙亚男张天虹雍军杭伟谭国林孙娜杨贵巴罗姜彦娄鸿飞叶青王学艳李华斌中国鼻病研究协作组首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科北京100038 中山大学附属第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科和变态反应/过敏科广东广州510630 南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科江西南昌330006 同济大学附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科兼变态反应/过敏科上海200065 福建医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科/过敏中心福建福州350004 四川大学华西医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科四川成都610041 重庆医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科重庆400016 佛山市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科广东佛山528000 中山大学附属第五医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科/过敏反应中心广东珠海519000 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻咽喉科上海200031 广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科广东广州510623 上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科上海200233 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科北京100730 山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科山东济南250012 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科湖北武汉430060 海南省人民医院/海南医学院附属海南医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科海南海口570311 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院耳鼻咽喉科湖北武汉430022 中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院耳鼻咽喉科广东广州510080 山西医科大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉科山西太原030001 浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科浙江杭州310016 中南大学湘雅三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科湖南长沙410013 南京医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科江苏南京210029 吉林大学中日联谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科吉林长春130033 中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科湖南长沙410008 中山大学附属第七医院耳鼻咽喉科广东深圳518107 广东省人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科广东广州510080 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科湖北武汉430030 广西医科大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科广西南宁530007 郑州大学第一附属医院鼻科河南郑州450052 昆明医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科云南昆明650032 贵州医科大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科贵州贵阳550004 贵州省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科贵州贵阳550002 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科黑龙江哈尔滨150001 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科黑龙江哈尔滨150001 新疆医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科新疆乌鲁木齐830054 天津市环湖医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科天津300350 上海中医药大学附属光华医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科上海200052 深圳市龙岗中心医院耳鼻咽喉科/变态反应科广东深圳518116 西藏自治区人民医院耳鼻咽喉科西藏拉萨850000 青岛大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科山东青岛266003 福建医科大学省立临床医学院福建省立医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科福建福州350001 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心北京100038 不详

尽管国内外变应性鼻炎(AR)诊疗指南均一致认可“防治结合、四位一体”的治疗策略,但是相对于过敏原检测、抗过敏药物治疗、过敏原免疫治疗(AIT)而言,人们对环境控制和健康教育的重视程度不够、研究较少、文献数量也不多。有鉴于此,中国... 详细信息

尽管国内外变应性鼻炎(AR)诊疗指南均一致认可“防治结合、四位一体”的治疗策略,但是相对于过敏原检测、抗过敏药物治疗、过敏原免疫治疗(AIT)而言,人们对环境控制和健康教育的重视程度不够、研究较少、文献数量也不多。有鉴于此,中国鼻病研究协作组的中青年专家们集体撰写了本共识,以期为临床医生进行环境控制和健康教育提供指导和帮助,提高AR防治效果。

关键词：变应性鼻炎过敏原免疫治疗环境控制健康教育预防

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Experts consensus on the procedure of dental operative microscope in endodontics and operative dentistry

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第3期15卷 371-376页

作者： Bin Liu Xuedong Zhou Lin Yue Benxiang Hou Qing Yu Bing Fan Xi Wei Lihong Qiu Zhengwei Huang Wenwei Xia Zhe sun Hanguo Wang Liuyan Meng Bin Peng Chen Zhang Shuli Deng Zhaojie Lu Deqin Yang Tiezhou Hou Qianzhou Jiang Xiaoli Xie Xuejun Liu Jiyao Li Zuhua Wang Haipeng Lyu Ming Xue Jiuyu Ge Yi Du Jin Zhao Jingping Liang Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Cariology and Endodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology&National Center of Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology&Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology&Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health&NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingChina Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry Beijing Stomatological HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anChina State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of StomatologySchool&Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Hospital of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat-Sen University&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuangzhouChina Department of Endodontics School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zheji

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental ***,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this *** October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative *** objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative ***,a consensus was reached and officially *** the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.

关键词： operative surgery primarily

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