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Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 444-456页

作者： Xiang WANG guang-Hui yu Yakov KUZYAKOV Bo-Hao yin Andreas KAPPLER Cong-Qiang LIU Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station Institute of Surface-Earth System ScienceSchool of Earth System ScienceTianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai RimTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceUniversity of GöttingenGöttingen 37077Germany Agro-Technological Institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)Moscow 117198Russia Geomicrobiology Center for Applied GeosciencesUniversity of TübingenTübingen 72076Germany Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight InfectionUniversity of TübingenTübingen 72076Germany

Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues(necromass).Yet,it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across ***,this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes.A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global *** spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered *** propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions:(i)fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces,and(ii)fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces,leading to millennial scale persistence of soil ***,fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent *** are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces,thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

关键词： Biogeography Fungi Mineral-associated organic matter(MAOM) Reactive minerals Soil carbon stability NanoSIMS

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Privacy Distributed Constrained Optimization Over Time-Varying Unbalanced Networks and Its Application in Federated Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第2期12卷 335-346页

作者： Mengli Wei Wenwu yu Duxin Chen Mingyu Kang guang Cheng the School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University IEEE the School of Mathematics Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University the Purple Mountain Laboratories the School of Mathematics Southeast University

This paper investigates a class of constrained distributed zeroth-order optimization(ZOO) problems over timevarying unbalanced graphs while ensuring privacy preservation among individual agents. Not taking into account recent progress and addressing these concerns separately, there remains a lack of solutions offering theoretical guarantees for both privacy protection and constrained ZOO over time-varying unbalanced *** hereby propose a novel algorithm, termed the differential privacy(DP) distributed push-sum based zeroth-order constrained optimization algorithm(DP-ZOCOA). Operating over time-varying unbalanced graphs, DP-ZOCOA obviates the need for supplemental suboptimization problem computations, thereby reducing overhead in comparison to distributed primary-dual methods. DP-ZOCOA is specifically tailored to tackle constrained ZOO problems over time-varying unbalanced graphs,offering a guarantee of convergence to the optimal solution while robustly preserving privacy. Moreover, we provide rigorous proofs of convergence and privacy for DP-ZOCOA, underscoring its efficacy in attaining optimal convergence without constraints. To enhance its applicability, we incorporate DP-ZOCOA into the federated learning framework and formulate a decentralized zeroth-order constrained federated learning algorithm(ZOCOA-FL) to address challenges stemming from the timevarying imbalance of communication topology. Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are thoroughly evaluated through simulations on distributed least squares(DLS) and decentralized federated learning(DFL) tasks.

关键词： Constrained distributed optimization decentralized federated learning (DFL) differential privacy (DP) time-varying unbalanced graphs zeroth-order gradient

Dynamic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonding Networks and Solvation Structures for Synergistic Solar‑Thermal Desalination of Seawater and Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 548-565页

作者： Ming‑yuan yu Jing Wu guang yin Fan‑Zhen Jiao Zhong‑Zhen yu Jin Qu Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Although solar steam generation strategy is efficient in desalinating seawater,it is still challenging to achieve continuous solar-thermal desalination of seawater and catalytic degradation of organic ***,dynamic regulations of hydrogen bonding networks and solvation structures are realized by designing an asymmetric bilayer membrane consisting of a bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod top layer and a bacterial cellulose/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod(BCH)bottom ***,the hydrogen bonding networks inside the membrane can be tuned by the rich surface–OH groups of the bacterial cellulose and Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)as well as the ions and radicals in situ generated during the catalysis ***,both SO_(4)^(2−)and HSO_(5)−can regulate the solvation structure of Na^(+)and be adsorbed more preferentially on the evaporation surface than Cl^(−),thus hindering the de-solvation of the solvated Na^(+)and subsequent nucleation/growth of ***,the heat generated by the solar-thermal energy conversion can accelerate the reaction kinetics and enhance the catalytic degradation *** work provides a flow-bed water purification system with an asymmetric solar-thermal and catalytic membrane for synergistic solar thermal desalination of seawater/brine and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

关键词： Solar steam generation Seawater desalination Catalytic degradation Bacterial cellulose Cobalt hydroxycarbonate nanorods

Precision storage lifetime measurements of highly charged heavy ions in the CSRe storage ring using a Schottky resonator

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 150-160页

作者： Qian Wang Xin-Liang Yan guang-yu Zhu Shahab Sanjari Li-Jun Mao He Zhao yuri ALitvinov Rui-Jiu Chen Meng Wang yu-Hu Zhang You-Jin yuan Jun-Xia Wu Hong-Yang Jiao yue yu Zu-Yi Chen yin-Fang Luo Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Planckstrasse 164291 DarmstadtGermany FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences Heinrich-Mussmann-Str.152428 JülichGermany

Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged *** to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency *** of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different *** low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,*** the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak *** a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the *** electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe *** method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,*** can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.

关键词： Lifetime measurement Schottky mass spectrometry Sensitivity response Highly charged heavy ion Resonator UH vacuum Nondestructive diagnostics

Antimicrobial resistance crisis:could artificial intelligence be the solution?

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Military Medical Research 2025年第1期12卷 72-95页

作者： guang-yu Liu Dan yu Mei-Mei Fan Xu Zhang Ze-yu Jin Christoph Tang Xiao-Fen Liu Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceKey Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of HangzhouHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China National Key Discipline of Pediatrics Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education Laboratory of DermatologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijing 100045China Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Institute of Antibiotics Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of AntibioticsNational Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaNational Clinical Research Centre for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be *** discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and *** to WHO’s report of antibacterial agents in clinical development,only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since ***,novel antibiotics are critically *** intelligence(AI)has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel ***,we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics,and antibiotic candidates in clinical *** addition,we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization,including small molecules,antimicrobial peptides,phage therapy,essential oils,as well as resistance mechanism prediction,and antibiotic stewardship.

关键词： Antibiotic Artificial intelligence(AI) Clinical development Machine learning(ML) Antimicrobial peptide Phage therapy Antibiotic stewardship

Preparations of Mytilus edulis protein hydrolysate-iron complexes and their ameliorative effects on mice with iron deficiency anemia

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： guang Li Xuening yu Shuling Zhou Xiaoyang Liu Fawen yin Deyang Li Baocai Xu Dayong Zhou School of Food and Biological Engineering， Hefei University of Technology SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control， National Engineering Research Center of Seafood， Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing， Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology， School of Food Science and Technology， Dalian Polytechnic University

Iron is a fundamental trace element essential for the immune system， and current research on iron supplements is increasingly focusing on food-derived peptides capable of binding iron ions. The objectives of this study were to characterize the iron-chelating peptide (MEPH) derived from Mytilus edulis and to investigate the effects of MEPH-Fe complexes on mice with iron deficiency-induced anemia (IDA). MEPH and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate successfully formed MEPH-Fe complexes under conditions of 4.5 mg/mL concentration， 45 ℃ temperature， and 60 minutes of incubation， utilizing both carboxyl and amino binding sites. Compared to MEPH alone， the MEPH-Fe complexes exhibited fluorescence quenching， ultraviolet shifts， reduced X-ray diffraction peak intensities， stabilization during in vitro digestion， microstructural changes， increased particle size， and decreased absolute values of zeta potential. In the IDA mouse model， the MEPH-Fe complexes were able to restore body weight， hematological indices， organ coefficients， iron content in organs， and antioxidant capacity to normal levels. Additionally， they demonstrated beneficial effects on IDA-induced colonic inflammation by normalizing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. The results indicated that MEPH-Fe complexes had more positive effects on IDA mice compared to ferrous sulfate. In conclusion， this study provides valuable insights into the potential of MEPH-Fe complexes as iron supplements.

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Nonlinear waves for a variable-coefficient modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system in plasma physics and electrodynamics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第1期77卷 23-34页

作者： guang-Mei Wei yu-Xin Song Tian-Chi Xing Shu Miao School of Mathematical Sciences Beihang University100191 BeijingChina

In this paper,a variable-coefficient modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(vcm KP)system is investigated by modeling the propagation of electromagnetic waves in an isotropic charge-free infinite ferromagnetic thin film and nonlinear waves in plasma physics and ***éanalysis is given out,and an auto-B?cklund transformation is constructed via the truncated Painlevé*** on the auto-B?cklund transformation,analytic solutions are given,including the solitonic,periodic and rational *** the Lie symmetry approach,infinitesimal generators and symmetry groups are *** the Lagrangian,the vcm KP equation is shown to be nonlinearly ***,conservation laws for the vcm KP equation are derived by means of a general conservation ***,the physical characteristics of the influences of the coefficient parameters on the solutions are discussed *** solutions have comprehensive implications for the propagation of solitary waves in nonuniform backgrounds.

关键词： modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation Lie symmetry optimal system nonlinear self-adjointness conservation law symbolic computation

CNKSR2 interactome analysis indicates its association with the centrosome/microtubule system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2420-2432页

作者： Lin yin Yalan Xu Jie Mu yu Leng Lei Ma yu Zheng Ruizhi Li yin Wang Peifeng Li Hai Zhu Dong Wang Jing Li Institute for Translational Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityMedical CollegeQingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina School of Basic Medicine Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina College of Life Sciences and School of PharmacyMedical CollegeQingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina Department of Urology Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

The protein connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2(CNKSR2),present in both the postsynaptic density and cytoplasm of neurons,is a scaffolding protein with several protein-binding *** of the CNKSR2 gene have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders,particularly intellectual disability,although the precise mechanism involved has not yet been fully *** has demonstrated that CNKSR2 plays a role in facilitating the localization of postsynaptic density protein complexes to the membrane,thereby influencing synaptic signaling and the morphogenesis of dendritic ***,the function of CNKSR2 in the cytoplasm remains to be *** this study,we used immunoprecipitation and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the interactors of *** a combination of bioinformatic analysis and cytological experiments,we found that the CNKSR2 interactors were significantly enriched in the proteome of the *** also showed that CNKSR2 interacted with the microtubule protein DYNC1H1 and with the centrosome marker *** colocalization analysis confirmed the centrosomal localization of *** we downregulated CNKSR2 expression in mouse neuroblastoma cells(Neuro 2A),we observed significant changes in the expression of numerous centrosomal *** manipulation also affected centrosome-related functions,including cell size and shape,cell proliferation,and ***,we found that CNKSR2 interactors were highly enriched in de novo variants associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum *** findings establish a connection between CNKSR2 and the centrosome,and offer new insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder centrosome CNKSR2 intellectual disability interactome mass spectrometry microtubule neurodevelopmental disease protein complexes protein-protein interactions

Mitochondrial transplantation:a promising strategy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3370-3387页

作者： Jing Chi Bin Fan yulin Li Qing Jiao guang-yu Li Department of Ophthalmology The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

The retina,a crucial neural tissue,is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information,a process that necessitates a significant amount of ***,the primary powerhouses of the cell,play an integral role in retinal physiology by fulfilling the high-energy requirements of photoreceptors and secondary neurons through oxidative *** a healthy state,mitochondria ensure proper visual function by facilitating efficient conversion and transduction of visual ***,in retinal degenerative diseases,mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to disease progression,involving a decline in membrane potential,the occurrence of DNA mutations,increased oxidative stress,and imbalances in quality-control *** abnormalities lead to an inadequate energy supply,the exacerbation of oxidative damage,and the activation of cell death pathways,ultimately resulting in neuronal injury and dysfunction in the *** transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these *** procedure aims to restore metabolic activity and function in compromised cells through the introduction of healthy mitochondria,thereby enhancing the cellular energy production capacity and offering new strategies for the treatment of retinal degenerative *** mitochondrial transplantation presents operational and safety challenges that require further investigation,it has demonstrated potential for reviving the vitality of retinal *** review offers a comprehensive examination of the principles and techniques underlying mitochondrial transplantation and its prospects for application in retinal degenerative diseases,while also delving into the associated technical and safety challenges,thereby providing references and insights for future research and treatment.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial transfer mitochondrial transplantation retinal degenerative diseases