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人工智能时代个人数据保护的困境与出路

现代法学 2024年第4期46卷 116-130页

作者：武腾中央财经大学法学院北京100081

人工智能的发展离不开对大量个人数据的处理。只有妥当适用《个人信息保护法》中的目的限制原则和有关个人知情权、决定权的规则,才能有效保障人工智能安全发展。目的限制原则包括“两肢”,一是处理目的自身的限制,二是处理目的对处理... 详细信息

人工智能的发展离不开对大量个人数据的处理。只有妥当适用《个人信息保护法》中的目的限制原则和有关个人知情权、决定权的规则,才能有效保障人工智能安全发展。目的限制原则包括“两肢”,一是处理目的自身的限制,二是处理目的对处理方式的限制。目的限制原则与人工智能发展之间有紧张关系,面临适用困境。该原则丧失实效,既会造成最小必要原则等多项原则难以适用,又不利于个人知情权、决定权的行使,还易致使个人数据交易欠缺自愿性、公平性。我国目的限制原则采用“宽进严出”模式,个人数据处理者不必将人工智能发展和应用中对个人数据的每一步处理活动加以披露,而是应分别披露训练机器学习模型、制作用户标签和画像、提供个性化服务等不同处理目的、处理方式,并揭示其各自风险。经由人工智能制作用户标签和画像的,属于个人数据处理活动。该处理活动只有同时包含体现公平价值的设计,才具有充分的合理性。此外,还应构建程序性规则以保障个人能够以集体的方式行使个人对标签、画像享有的有限决定权。

关键词：人工智能个人数据目的限制原则数据画像个人信息保护

Roles of Cu doping in YbZn_(2)Sb_(2) for thermoelectric performance enhancement

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2869-2875页

作者： Xiong Zhang Hai-Hui Li Xiao-Liang Cao Bin Zhang Hong wu Yu Zhang guang Han Guo-Yu Wang Hao-Shuang Gu Xiao-Yuan Zhou College of Physics and Electronic Science Hubei Normal UniversityHuangshi 435002China Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing401331China School of Science Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications.Chongqing 400065 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials-Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro&Piezoelectric Materials and Devices Faculty of Physical and Electronic SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Recent research shows that increasing the carrier density after orbital alignment in AZn_(2)Sb_(2) (A=Ca,Yb,Eu,Sr,Mg)Zintl compounds yields remarkable results with regard to enhanced thermoelectric ***,research on carrier density increase via doping in these compounds is *** this study,we introduced Cu into the Zn sites in YbZn_(2)Sb_(2) and examined the thermoelectric properties.

关键词： properties doping performance

Androgen signaling inhibits de novo lipogenesis to alleviate lipid deposition in zebrafish

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 355-366页

作者： Jing-Yi Jia guang-Hui Chen Ting-Ting Shu Qi-Yong Lou Xia Jin Jiang-Yan He wu-Han Xiao Gang Zhai Zhan Yin College of Fisheries Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes Chinese Sturgeon Research InstituteChina Three Gorges CorporationYichangHubei 443100China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Testosterone is closely associated with lipid metabolism and known to affect body fat composition and muscle mass in ***,the mechanisms by which testosterone acts on lipid metabolism are not yet fully understood,especially in *** this study,cyp17a1-/-zebrafish(Danio rerio)exhibited excessive visceral adipose tissue(VAT),lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis(DNL)*** assay for transposase accessible chromatinwithsequencing(ATAC-seq)results demonstrated that chromatin accessibility of DNL genes was increased in cyp17a1-/-fish compared to cyp17a1+/+male fish,including stearoyl-CoA desaturase(scd)and fatty acid synthase(fasn).Androgen response element(ARE)motifs in the androgen signaling pathway were significantly enriched in cyp17a1+/+male fish but not in cyp17a1-/-*** androgen receptor(ar)-/-and wildtype(WT)zebrafish administered with Ar antagonist flutamide displayed excessive visceral adipose tissue,lipid content,and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis *** Ar agonist BMS-564929 reduced the content of VAT and lipid content,and down-regulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase a(acaca),fasn,and scd ***,the rescue effect of testosterone on cyp17a1-/-fish in terms of phenotypes was abolished when ar was additionally ***,these findings reveal that testosterone inhibits lipid deposition by down-regulating DNL genes via Ar in zebrafish,thus expanding our understanding of the relationship between testosterone and lipid metabolism in teleosts.

关键词： Cyp17a1 Testosterone Androgen receptor De novo lipogenesis Fatty acid synthesis

Map-based cloning of q LP_(A01.1),a favorable allele from the Gossypium tomentosum chromosome segment line

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第10期23卷 3283-3293页

作者： Wenwen Wang Lei Chen Yan wu Xin Guo Jinming Yang Dexin Liu Xueying Liu Kai Guo Dajun Liu Zhonghua teng Yuehua Xiao Zhengsheng Zhang Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture Ministry of EducationSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400716China

Cotton is an important natural fiber crop worldwide which plays a vital role in our daily *** yield is a constant goal of cotton breeding,and lint percentage(LP)is one of the important components of cotton fiber yield.A stable QTL controlling LP,qLP_(A01.1),was identified on chromosome A01 from Gossypium hirsutum introgressed lines with *** chromosome segments in a previous *** fine-map qLP_(A01.1),an F2 population with 986individuals was established by crossing *** cultivar CCRI35 with the chromosome segment substitution line HT_390.A high-resolution genetic map including 47 loci and spanning 56.98 cM was constructed in the QTL region,and qLP_(A01.1)was ultimately mapped into an interval corresponding to an~80 kb genome region of chromosome A01in the reference genome,which contained six annotated *** data and sequence analysis revealed that S-acyltransferase protein 24(GoPAT24)might be the target gene of qLP_(A01.1).This result provides the basis for cotton fiber yield improvement via marker-assisted selection(MAS)and further studies on the mechanism of cotton fiber development.

关键词： cotton lint percentage fine-mapping qLPA01.1 GoPAT24

Global, regional, and national burden of early-onset gastric cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 667-678页

作者： Nuopei Tan Hongliang wu Maomao Cao Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Siyi He Mengdi Cao Shaoli Zhang Yi teng Qianru Li Jiachen Wang Changfa Xia Wanqing Chen Department of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Department of Anesthesiology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Objective: The burden of gastric cancer(GC) across different age groups needs updating. We determined the GC global, regional, and national burden profiles and changes in incidence for 3 sequential 5-year intervals from 2003 to ***: The latest incidence and mortality estimates of GC from 185 countries and regions were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. The 5-year interval age-standardised incidence rates(ASIRs) were evaluated using cancer registry data from volumes X±XII of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5). Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between ASIR or the age-standardised mortality rate(ASMR) and the Human Development Index(HDI).Results: There was an estimated global 968,000 new GC cases and 660,000 deaths in 2022, with male predominance. GC ASIRs and ASMRs were 9.2 and 6.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. East Asia had the highest burden, with 53.8% of cases and 48.2% of deaths among all geographic regions. There was a significant correlation between ASIR and HDI. Over three 5-year intervals from 2003 to 2017, the incidence of GC notably decreased in most countries but peaked at 2008±2012 in New Zealand, Turkey, and South Africa. Several countries in Europe, Oceania, and America suggest an increasingly concerning trend among younger individuals, especially ***: GC is a significant health issue, especially among males and in geographic regions with an HDI, such as eastern Asia. While the incidence of GC is decreasing in many countries due to prevention efforts and improved treatments, a rising trend persists among younger individuals. Comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to different age patterns are clearly needed.

关键词： Gastric cancer cancer burden GLOBOCAN incidence mortality

High micropore-utilization carbon aerogel with controlled nanostructures via adjusting aggregation state of polyacrylonitrile for energy storage systems

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SusMat 2024年第4期4卷 27-38页

作者： Yuanyou Peng Yihan Fu Meimei Yu Lei Zhao Huanzhong Zeng Shengtao Niu Jie Zhang Junlong Chen guang Liu Youzhi wu Fen Ran State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous Metals Department of Polymeric Materials EngineeringSchool of Material Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhouChina

Designing and optimizing the pore structure of porous carbon electrodes is essen-tial for diverse energy storage *** this study,an innovative approach spray phase-inversion strategy was developed for the rapid and efficient fabri-cation of controlled porous carbon ***,the aggregation structure of polyacrylonitrile is controlled by adjusting the Hansen’s solubility parameter,thereby regulating the electrode material ***,the theoretical analysis of the spray phase-inversion process revealed that this regulation pro-cess is jointly regulated by solvent hydrodynamic diameter and phase-inversion *** optimization,a novel porous carbon material was obtained that exhibited excellent performance as an electrode *** utilized in supercapacitors for energy storage,it demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 373.1 F g^(-1) in a 6 M KOH electrolyte ***,it has been observed that the preparation strategy for porous electrodes offers notable advan-tages in terms of excellent designability,broad universality,simplicity,and high efficiency,thereby holding promise for large-scale fabrication of diverse porous electrode materials and various types of electrodes for diverse energy storage applications.

关键词： aggregation structure electrode materials phase inversion porous carbon supercapacitors

Enhanced charge collection of AgNWs-based top electrode to realize high-performance,all-solution processed organic solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3347-3356页

作者： Juanyong Wan Yang Chen Weijie Chen Jinfeng Xia guang Zeng Jianlei Cao Chuang Jin Yunxiu Shen Xiaoxiao wu Haiyang Chen Junyuan Ding Xue-mei Ou Yaowen Li Yongfang Li Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and ApplicationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jiangsu Sidike New Materials Science and Technology Co. Ltd.Suqian 215400China

All-solution processed organic solar cells are the ultimate aim of printable photovoltaics,but their electrical losses arising from poor contact of top electrodes greatly limit efficiency *** solve the problem,a solution-processed hybrid top electrode was constructed using silver nanowires(AgNWs)as the skeleton and ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)as the *** constructing the skeleton,a spin-rinsing treatment was first used to reduce the amount of the residual insulating polyvinylpyrrolidone wrapped around the AgNWs to promote intimate contact among the AgNWs in the ***,the ZnO-NPs matrix was deposited onto the AgNWs skeleton,bridging the AgNWs skeleton with the underlayer ZnO-NPs electron transporting layer(ETL).The underlayer ZnO-NPs ETL can also induce the growth of the ZnO-NPs matrix to minimize lattice mismatch,which creates additional transport channels from the ETL to the AgNWs skeleton for charge *** a result,the obtained electrode significantly enhances the electrical contact in the device,thus delivering record power conversion efficiencies of 16.04%and 14.54%for rigid and flexible all-solution processed OSCs,respectively.

关键词： solution-processed top electrode organic solar cells AgNWs electrical contact

Recanalization of anastomotic occlusion following rectal cancer surgery using a rendezvous endoscopic technique with transillumination:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第37期30卷 4149-4155页

作者： Jun Chi guang-Yu Luo Hong-Bo Shan Jun-Zhong Lin Xiao-Jun wu Jian-Jun Li Department of Endoscopy Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Guangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Colorectal Surgery Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal anastomotic occlusion is a serious complication of colorectal cancer *** several treatment strategies have been proposed,the mana-gement of anastomotic occlusion remains *** this report,we present a case of anastomotic occlusion recanalization performed using a novel technique involving two endoscopes,one for radial incision and the other serving as a guide *** novel technique offers significant advantages in terms of operational feasibility,reduced invasiveness,rapid recovery,and shortened hospital *** SUMMARY A 37-year-old man underwent low anterior resection and prophylactic double-lumen ileostomy for rectal cancer in June,*** months later,complete anastomotic occlusion was observed on ***,we developed a novel atresia recanalization *** endoscopes were placed,one through the colonic anastomosis and the other through the anus.A radial incision was successfully made from the colonic side,guided by the light of the endoscope from the anal *** recanal-ization was performed within 20 *** weeks after recanalization,colonoscopy revealed that the diameter of the colorectal anastomosis was approximately 16 mm and the patient therefore underwent stoma reversal in *** the follow-up period of approximately one year,the patient remained well and no stenosis or obstruction symptoms were *** Endoscopic atresia recanalization of colorectal anastomotic occlusion assisted by an opposing light source is safe and effective.

关键词： Endoscopy Atresia recanalization Anastomotic occlusion Light source Case report

Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against HFMD associated enteroviruses among healthy individuals in Shanghai,China,2022

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 694-698页

作者： Jiayu Wang Wencheng wu Wei Wang Jingyi Zhang Jianwei Xiao Mingyi Cai Jiaying Guo Run Li Shuangli Zhu Wanju Zhang Min Chen Zheng teng Microbiology Department Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai200336China Microbiology Department Yangpu Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai200090China Microbiology Department Jing’an Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai200070China Microbiology Department Changning Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai200050China WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory NHC Key Laboratory for BiosafetyNHC Key Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing102206China

Dear Editor,Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is one of the most common infectious diseases,particularly in the Asia-Pacific *** the past two decades,HFMD rises to prominence for its heavy burden,with over one million cases reported *** 2013,enterovirus A71(EV-A71)and Coxsackievirus A16(CVA16)were the main pathogens leading to HFMD in the mainland of China(Yang et al.,2017).In recent years,non-EV-A71-non-CVA16 other enteroviruses,such as Coxsackievirus A6(CVA6),Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)and Coxsackievirus A4(CVA4),were frequently reported and replaced EV-A71 and CVA16 becoming the major causative agents of HFMD(Zhou et al.,2021;Wang et al.,2022).

关键词： enterovirus HFMD al.