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Effects of Caragana Korshinskii Kom. cover on runoff, sediment yield and nitrogen loss

International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 245-257页

作者： guan-hua zhang1,guo-bin liu2??, and guo-liang wang3. ph.d., college of resource and environment, northwest a and f university YangLing, Shaanxi 712100, China, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, China. 2 Prof., Researcher. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, China, college of resource and environment, northwest a and f university, YangLing, Shaanxi 712100, China, 3 Assistant Researcher, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100, China. [a] ph.d. College of Resource environment Northwest A f university YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China [b] Prof. Researcher. Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China College of Resource environment Northwest A f university YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China [c] Assistant Researcher Institute of Soil Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science Ministry of Water resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China

Soil erosion is serious in the Loess Plateau of China. deposition of the eroded sediment in lakes or rivers may lead to eutrophication, because the sediment carries a lot of nutrients. field experiments were conducted to study soil erosion and loss of nitrogen (N) from a 15o hillslope with 30% (low) or 80% (high) coverage of the shrub Caragana korshinskii Kom. A bare soil plot was used for the comparison. The results showed that Caragana korshinskii cover significantly reduced runoff and soil erosion. In comparison to the bare soil plot, the vegetation covered plots had about 20% less runoff and 65% less sediment. In general, the concentration of N in both runoff water and the eroded sediment decreased with time and approached a steady value. However, the species of nitrate nitrogen (NO3) was exceptional which increased with time slightly. The soil erosion caused an N loss of about 250 mg/m2 for the bare soil plot, the low coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 20% and the high coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 40%. Moreover, the amount of total N in eroded sediment was 2 to 3 times higher than the value in runoff water. In the total N loss, the organic N was about 75-80%. Nevertheless, inorganic N in runoff water was 5 to 10 times higher than the value in eroded sediment. The species of NO3 was obviously higher than the species of ammonium nitrogen (NH4). NO3 was the main species of inorganic N loss and was about two thirds of total. The organic N was the main species of N in the eroded sediment.

关键词： C. korshinskii cover Runoff Sediment Nitrogen loss Simulated rainfall

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Effects of Vegetation Cover and Rainfall Intensity on Sediment-Bound Nutrient Loss,Size Composition and Volume fractal dimension of Sediment Particles

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 676-684页

作者： zhang guan-hua liu guo-bin wang guo-liang wang Yu-Xia college of resource and environment Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 (China) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 (China)

Vegetation and rainfall are two important factors affecting soil erosion and thus resulting in nutrient loss in the Chinese Loess Plateau.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rainfall intensities(60,100 and 140 mm h-1) and vegetation(Caragana korshinskii) coverages(0%,30% and 80%) on soil loss,nutrient loss,and the composition and volume fractal dimension of eroded sediment particles under simulated rainfall *** results showed that vegetation cover,rainfall intensity and their interaction all had significant effects on sediment transport and the sedimentbound nutrient *** rainfall intensity and lower coverage led to higher sediment and nutrient *** linear relationships were observed between soil loss and nutrient *** treatments showed more significant effects on the enrichment ratio(ER) of nitrogen(ERN) than organic matter(EROM) and phosphorus(ERP).Compared with the original surface soil,the eroded sediment contained more fine *** the same coverage,the clay content significantly decreased with increasing rainfall *** ER of sediment-bound nutrients was positively correlated with that of clay,suggesting that the clay fraction was preferentially eroded and soil nutrients were mainly adsorbed onto or contained within this *** were increments in the fractal dimension of the sediment particles compared to that of the original surface ***,the fractal dimension was positively correlated with clay,silt,and sediment-bound OM,N,and P contents,whereas it was negatively correlated with sand *** study demonstrated that fractal dimension analysis can be used to characterize differences in particle-size distribution and nutrient loss associated with soil erosion.

关键词： fractal features Loess Plateau particle-size distribution runoff nutrients simulated rainfall

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Enhanced methane production during long-term UASB operation at high organic loads as enabled by the immobilized fungi

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frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第6期16卷 47-59页

作者： Qiong guo Zhichao Yang bingliang zhang Ming hua Changhong liu bingcai Pan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resource Reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Research Center for environmental Nanotechnology(ReCENT) Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Life Sciences Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNanjing 210023China

Anaerobic digestion is widely applied in organic wastewater treatment coupled with bioenergy production,and how to stabilize its work at the high organic loading rate(OLR)remains a ***,we proposed a new strategy to address this issue via involving the synergetic role of the Aspergillus sydowii 8L-9-f02 immobilized beads(AEBs).A long-term(210-day)continuous-mode operation indicated that the upflow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)reactor(R1,with AEBs added)could achieve the OLR as high as 25.0 kg/(m^(3)×d),whereas the control reactor(R0,with AEBs free)could only tolerate the maximum OLR of 13.3 kg/(m^(3)×d).Remarkably,much higher COd removal(85.9%vs 23.9%)and methane production(5.4 m^(3)/(m^(3)×d)vs 2.2 m^(3)/(m^(3)×d))were achieved in R1 than R0 at the OLR of 25.0 kg/(m^(3)×d).Such favorable effect results from the facts that fungi inhibit VfAs accumulation,favor the ph stabilization,promote the generation of more extracellular polymeric substance,and enhance the sludge granulation and ***,fungi may enhance the secretion of acetyl-coenzyme A,a key compound in converting organic matters to CO_(2).In addition,fungi are favorable to enrich methanogenic archaea even at high OLR,improving the activity of acetate kinase and coenzyme f_(420) for more efficient methanogenic *** work may shed new light on how to achieve higher OLR and methane production in anaerobic digestion of wastewater.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion fungi Methane production High OLR Microbial community

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EffECT Of HYPERCROSSLINKEd RESINS SURfACE CHEMISTRY ON THE AdSORPTION Of phENOL fROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第6期24卷 585-591页

作者： guan-hua Meng Ai-min Li Wei-ben Yang fu-qiang liu Quan-xing zhang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resources Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Engineering Technology Research Center of Organic Toxie Substance Control and resource Reuse of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210038 China

Two hypercrosslinked resins with similar physical characters but different surface chemistry were synthesized and used to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. The fTIR spectra, elemental analysis and the Boehm titration were used to characterize the chemical properties of the resins. The adsorption experiments were carried out using the bottle-point technique, and the effects of the surface chemistry on the adsorption were discussed. The adsorption data fit well with the freundlich model, indicating the heterogeneity of the resins surface. It could be seen from the experimental results that the adsorption capacity increased with the increase in the total surface concentration of oxygen-containing groups. The ph.d.pendence and the effects of ionic strength were also discussed. The kinetic adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second order model, and the results showed that the surface oxygen-containing groups have little effect on the adsorption rate.

关键词： Hypercrosslinked resin phenol Surface chemistry Adsorption isotherm Kinetic study.

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北方农田镉污染土壤玉米生产阈值及产区划分初探

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环境科学 2021年第12期42卷 5958-5966页

作者：管伟豆郭堤王萍张增强李荣华西北农林科技大学资源环境学院杨凌712100 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境研究重点实验室杨凌712100

为探究我国北方镉(Cd)污染农田中玉米安全生产的土壤阈值以及产区划分,于部分北方玉米主要产区(含不同程度Cd污染)收集了129套点对点的土壤-玉米样品,分析了土壤理化性质与土壤、玉米籽粒Cd含量之间的相关性,利用多元线性回归法和物种... 详细信息

为探究我国北方镉(Cd)污染农田中玉米安全生产的土壤阈值以及产区划分,于部分北方玉米主要产区(含不同程度Cd污染)收集了129套点对点的土壤-玉米样品,分析了土壤理化性质与土壤、玉米籽粒Cd含量之间的相关性,利用多元线性回归法和物种敏感度分布曲线法(SSd)推导不同土壤情景下土壤Cd的生态阈值,并进行了玉米"宜产、限产、禁产"产区划分.结果表明,研究区土壤与玉米籽粒中Cd含量超标分别为99.62%和49.61%;玉米籽粒中Cd富集系数(BCf)与土壤ph、土壤有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和土壤有效态Cd含量(dTPA浸提)均呈极显著相关性(P1).多元线性回归法的预测可解释因变量71.9%的变异量;基于研究区土壤特性以及参考资料,划分3种不同土壤情景分别为,情景1:6.5ph≤7.5,土壤ω(SOM)=15 g·kg^(-1),土壤CEC=15 cmol·kg^(-1);情景2:7.5ph1),土壤CEC=20 cmol·kg^(-1);情景3:ph≥8.5,土壤ω(SOM)=17g·kg^(-1),土壤CEC=17 cmol·kg^(-1),利用SSd法中Logistic函数模型推导以上3种情景的粮食宜产区土壤Cd阈值分别为3.00、3.80和3.11 mg·kg^(-1);禁产区阈值为8.95、9.10和7.21 mg·kg^(-1),当土壤Cd含量介于宜产区阈值与禁产区阈值之间时该区域划分为粮食限产区;玉米用于饲料使用时3种情景下的饲料宜产区阈值分别为14.94、18.90和15.55 mg·kg^(-1),禁产区阈值分别为44.93、45.40和36.05 mg·kg^(-1),两者之间的区域为饲料限产区.以上方法和结果可为我国北方农田土壤的安全生产提供参考,并为土壤生态阈值的标准制定提供科学依据.

关键词：重金属镉富集系数(BCf) 定量关系阈值产区划分

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Improving arsenic mobility concentration from As-polluted soils by the functional strains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第5期58卷 1420-1426页

作者： BAI Jianfeng LIN XianGui dAI Jue hua Jianfeng QIN hua HU JunLi wang YiMing zhang ChengLong wang JingWei YUAN WenYi Shanghai Cooperative Centre for WEEE Recycling Shanghai Second Polytechnic University Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences School of environmental & resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University

Arsenic （As） contamination has become the environment issue of global concern. In China, large area of farmland and the site soil were contaminated by As, which means that suitable remedying methods were urgently needed. phytoremediation, as one of environment-friendly soil remediation techniques developed in recent years, shows a bright future for the remediation of As contaminated soils. However, phytoremediation efficiency needs to be enhanced further because of low concentration of bio- available As in the soils. A triangle flask culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of functional species, isolated from As-polluted soils, that could improve As mobility from the soil. These species included two bacilli, B 1 and B2 （Breviba- cillus） and two fungi, f1 （Trichoderma）, f2 （fusarium）. They could transform the concentration of As fractionation in the soil sterilized by the method of 6~Co-T ray. Through the experiment, the concentrations of non-specifically-sorbed and specifical- ly-sorbed As fractionation, and ph value of culture solution with inoculated treatment were higher than that with the control. Especially, the concentration of non-specifically-sorbed As fractionation in the treatment-inoculated species was 2 to 6 times higher than that of non-inoculation treatment. Moreover, two bacilli and two fungi could produce IAA, which was conducive to the plant survival when they were jointly used in remedying the As-contaminated soil.

关键词： As-polluted soils As fractionation mobility bioavailability functional strains

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新型矿基土壤调理剂对滨海盐土理化性状和水稻产量的影响

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浙江农业学报 2021年第5期33卷 885-892页

作者：朱芸郭彬林义成傅庆林刘琛李凝玉李华浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江杭州311300 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所浙江杭州310021

以自主研发的矿基土壤调理剂为试验材料,采用盆栽方法研究了土壤调理剂不同施用量(0、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 g·kg^(-1))对滨海盐土理化性状[ph值、土壤电导率(EC),及有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量]、水稻养分吸收和产量的... 详细信息

以自主研发的矿基土壤调理剂为试验材料,采用盆栽方法研究了土壤调理剂不同施用量(0、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5 g·kg^(-1))对滨海盐土理化性状[ph值、土壤电导率(EC),及有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量]、水稻养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,施用土壤调理剂后,土壤ph值、EC值和速效钾含量与不施土壤调理剂的对照相比显著(Pph值和EC值呈极显著(P1)负相关,与土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷含量呈显著(P10 g·kg^(-1)处理的效果最优。研究结果可为合理应用土壤调理剂改良滨海盐土、提高水稻产量提供理论依据。

关键词：土壤调理剂滨海盐土水稻土壤电导率

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土壤镉污染北方小麦生产阈值及产区划分初探

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农业环境科学学报 2021年第5期40卷 969-977页

作者：管伟豆肖然李荣华刘翔宇潘君廷黄永春张增强郭堤西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨凌712100 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室北京100081 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室天津300191

本研究在从我国北方6个小麦产区的农田点对点收集了147对土壤和小麦样品的基础上,分析了土壤样品的ph、Cd含量、有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、黏粒含量(Clay)及小麦籽粒的Cd含量,并通过线性相关与多元回归方法分析土壤性质与小麦籽... 详细信息

本研究在从我国北方6个小麦产区的农田点对点收集了147对土壤和小麦样品的基础上,分析了土壤样品的ph、Cd含量、有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、黏粒含量(Clay)及小麦籽粒的Cd含量,并通过线性相关与多元回归方法分析土壤性质与小麦籽粒Cd富集系数(BCf)之间的定量关系。同时,利用物种敏感度分布法对小麦宜产、限产和禁产区进行了划分,并以保护不同比例小麦安全生产反推出了各划分区的土壤Cd含量安全生产阈值。结果表明,研究区域的农田土壤和小麦生产均存在一定的安全风险,土壤Cd超标率95.1%,小麦籽粒Cd超标率47.6%。除CEC外,土壤ph、SOM和Clay含量均与BCf呈显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.18(P14(P3(P1)。由土壤ph、SOM和Clay含量3个变量所建立的回归模型可解释54%的BCf变异。基于北方小麦产区土壤的性质特征,设定3种典型情景,即当土壤6.5≤ph15 g·kg^(-1),Clay=20%)、7.5≤ph30 g·kg^(-1),Clay=20%)和ph≥8.5(SOM=20 g·kg^(-1),Clay=20%)时,小麦宜产区土壤Cd阈值分别为0.33、0.41mg·kg^(-1)和0.64 mg·kg^(-1);禁产区阈值为1.93、2.51 mg·kg^(-1)和2.61 mg·kg^(-1);土壤Cd含量在宜产区阈值和禁产区阈值之间即可划分为小麦限产区。

关键词：镉富集系数定量关系阈值小麦产区划分

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岷江干旱河谷主要草本种群生态位研究

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青海大学学报（自然科学版） 2008年第5期26卷 48-53页

作者：冶民生吴斌关文彬马克明刘国华张宇清青海省工程咨询中心青海西宁810001 北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083 北京林业大学自然保护区学院北京100083 中国科学院生态环境研究中心北京100083

在对岷江干旱河谷植被及其环境因子系统取样调查的基础上,研究了20种主要草本种群在土壤水分、全N、速效P、速效K和ph 5个资源维上的生态位特征。绵枣儿、铁扫帚、翻白委陵菜、黄背草、密生苔草的生态位宽度较高,对环境有较强的适应能力... 详细信息

在对岷江干旱河谷植被及其环境因子系统取样调查的基础上,研究了20种主要草本种群在土壤水分、全N、速效P、速效K和ph 5个资源维上的生态位特征。绵枣儿、铁扫帚、翻白委陵菜、黄背草、密生苔草的生态位宽度较高,对环境有较强的适应能力,形成了该地区的优势种群;猪毛莱、紫花野茅,歧茎蒿、虱子草等种群的生态位宽度较小。生态位宽度较小的物种并非就不是群落的优势种,取决于种群分布的范围和分布的均匀程度。种群在各个资源维上的生态位宽度表明对不同资源空间的利用能力和适应性不尽相同。各个资源维上所有种群生态位宽度和的大小依次为土壤含水量>ph>速效K>全N>速效P,表明物种对速效P资源的利用能力较低,对土壤含水量的利用能力较高,草本物种对水分资源的利用能力高于灌木物种。

关键词：草本种群生态位宽度生态位重叠环境梯度岷江干旱河谷

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贵州岩溶地区土壤-红托竹荪(dictyophora rubrovalvata)系统Cd迁移累积特征及其影响因素研究

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生态与农村环境学报 2023年第2期39卷 236-243页

作者：刘桂华王德美秦松柴冠群罗沐欣键范成五贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所贵州贵阳550006 贵州大学农学院贵州贵阳550025

为探究岩溶区土壤-红托竹荪(dictyophora rubrovalvata)系统中重金属Cd的迁移累积特征及其影响因素,采集了红托竹荪种植区土壤和红托竹荪样品,分析了土壤中Cd含量及其赋存形态、红托竹荪中Cd含量及富集特征,并采用主成分分析探讨了土壤... 详细信息

为探究岩溶区土壤-红托竹荪(dictyophora rubrovalvata)系统中重金属Cd的迁移累积特征及其影响因素,采集了红托竹荪种植区土壤和红托竹荪样品,分析了土壤中Cd含量及其赋存形态、红托竹荪中Cd含量及富集特征,并采用主成分分析探讨了土壤中Cd迁移累积的影响因素。结果表明:红托竹荪种植区土壤总Cd含量为0.24~4.23 mg·kg^(-1),平均值为0.96 mg·kg^(-1),是GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险管控标准(试行)》中农用地土壤污染风险筛选值的3.2倍,是贵州省土壤背景值的1.45倍。土壤Cd形态以可还原态为主,其含量占比为20.87%~63.81%,平均值为41.64%,Cd各形态占比为可还原态>残渣态>弱酸可溶态>可氧化态。红托竹荪中Cd含量为0.07~0.39 mg·kg^(-1)(以鲜样计),平均值为0.18 mg·kg^(-1),低于GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》标准值(0.20 mg·kg^(-1))。富集系数和转运系数分别为0.50~21.91和0.31~8.89。红托竹荪种植区土壤ph值与弱酸可溶态Cd含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.435,P26),与可还原态Cd含量(r=0.469,Pd含量(r=0.392,Pd含量(r=-0.670,P1)、Cd的富集系数(r=-0.724,P1)与土壤ph值呈极显著负相关关系。主成分分析表明,土壤ph值和K、Ca、fe、Cu含量是红托竹荪富集Cd的主要影响因素。

关键词：岩溶区红托竹荪 Cd 迁移累积形态

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