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Origin of the Silurian Crude Oils and Reservoir Formation Characteristics in the Tazhong Uplift

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1128-1140页

作者： YANG Haijun LI Sumei PANG Xiongqi XIAO Zhongyao gu qiaoyuan ZHANG Baoshou Research Institute of Exploration and Development Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China The National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Changping Beijing 102249 China

The Silurian stratum in the Tazhong uplift is an important horizon for exploration because it preserves some features of the hydrocarbons produced from multi-stage tectonic evolution. For this reason, the study of the origin of the Silurian oils and their formation characteristics constitutes a major part in revealing the mechanisms for the composite hydrocarbon accumulation zone in the Tazhong area. Geochemical investigations indicate that the physical properties of the Silurian oils in Tazhong vary with belts and blocks, i.e., heavy oils are distributed in the TZ47-15 well-block in the North Slope while normal and light oils in the No. I fault belt and the TZ16 well-block, which means that the oil properties are controlled by structural patterns. Most biomarkers in the Silurian oils are similar to that of the Mid-Upper Ordovician source rocks, suggesting a good genetic relationship. However, the compound specific isotope of n-alkanes in the oils and the chemical components of the hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions indicate that these oils are mixed oils derived from both the Mid- Upper Ordovician and the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Most Silurian oils have a record of secondary alterations like earlier biodegradation, including the occurrence of ＂UCM＂ humps in the total ion current （TIC） chromatogram of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and 25-norhopane in saturated hydrocarbons of the crude oils, and regular changes in the abundances of light and heavy components from the structural low to the structural high. The fact that the Silurian oils are enriched in chain alkanes, e.g., n-alkanes and 25-norhopane, suggests that they were mixed oils of the earlier degraded oils with the later normal oils. It is suggested that the Silurian oils experienced at least three episodes of petroleum charging according to the composition and distribution as well as the maturity of reservoir crude oils and the oils in fluid inclusions. The migration and accumulation model

关键词： Silurian isotope biomarker mixed-source oil

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Origin of Crude Oil in the Lunnan Region,Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1157-1169页

作者： LI Sumei PANG Xiongqi YANG Haijun XIAO Zhongyao gu qiaoyuan ZHANG Baoshou WANG Haijiang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Kuerle 841000 Xinjiang China

The oil source of the Tarim Basin has been controversial over a long time. This study characterizes the crude oil and investigates the oil sources in the Lunnan region, Tarim Basin by adopting compound specific isotopes of n-alkanes and biomarkers approaches. Although the crude oil has a good correlation with the Middle-Upper Ordovician （02＋3） source rocks and a poor correlation with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician （C-O1） based on biomarkers, the ~3C data of n-alkanes of the Lunnan oils show an intermediate value between C-O1 and 02＋3 genetic affinity oils, which suggests that the Lunnan oils are actually of an extensively mixed source. A quantification of oil mixing was performed and the results show that the contribution of the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks ranges from 11% to 70% （averaging 36%）, slightly less than that of the Tazhong uplift. It is suggested that the inconsistency between the biomarkers and od3C in determining the oil sources in the Lunnan Region results from multiple petroleum charge episodes with different chemical components in one or more episode（s） and different sources. The widespread marine mixed-source oil in the basin indicates that significant petroleum potential in deep horizons is possible. To unravel hydrocarbons accumulation mechanisms for the Lunnan oils is crucial to further petroleum exploration and exploitation in the region.

关键词： Lunnan uplift biomarkers compound specific isotopes oilsource rock correlation mixed-source oil

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Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and Reservoir-Forming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1170-1179页

作者： gu qiaoyuan PANG Xiongqi LIU Luofu YANG Haijun WANG Ying JIANG Zhenxue XIANG Caifu HAN Jianfa State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Changping Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Changping Beijing 102249 China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Kuala Xinjiang 841000 China

Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data. The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies; the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property; the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second. The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies, tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location, a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system, with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically, the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift, densely developed fractures, and surface karst, a vertical vadose zone, and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.

关键词： Ordovician carbonates oil and gas reservoir facies Lungudong Tarim Basin Xinjiangprovince

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Oil-source rock correlation and quantitative assessment of Ordovician mixed oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 179-191页

作者： Li Sumei Pang Xiongqi Zhang Baoshou Xiao Zhongyao gu qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The origin of the marine oils in the Tarim Basin has long been a disputed topic. A total of 58 DST （drill stem test） crude oil and 8 rock samples were investigated using a comprehensive geochemical method to characterize and identify the origin of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, northwest China. Detailed oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations show that the majority of the oils have typical biomarker characteristics of the Middle-Upper Ordovician （O2＋3） source rock and the related crude oil. These characteristics include a distinct ＂V-shaped＂ relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 regular steranes, low abundance of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. Only a few oils display typical biomarker characteristics indicating the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician （∈-O1） genetic affinity, such as linear or anti ＂L＂ shape distribution of C27, C28 and C29 regular sterane, with relatively high concentrations of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. It appears that most of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift were derived from the O2＋3 intervals, as suggested by previous studies. However, the compound specific n-alkane stable carbon isotope data indicate that the Ordovician oils are mixtures from both the ∈-O1 and O2＋3 source rocks rather than from the O2＋3 strata alone. It was calculated that the proportion of the∈-O1 genetic affinity oils mixed is about 10.8%-74.1%, with an increasing trend with increasing burial depth. This new oil-mixing model is critical for understanding hydrocarbon generation and accumulation mechanisms in the region, and may have important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Biomarker compound specific isotope oil–source rock correlation mixed oil

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Geochemical characteristics and accumulation of marine oil and gas around Halahatang depression,Tarim Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 195-206页

作者： LU YuHong,XIAO ZhongYao,gu qiaoyuan&ZHANG QiuCha Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla 841000,China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla China

There exists a petroleum system rich of oil and gas around Halahatang depression,where the oil and gas possess obvious local distinctions of properties in different *** research proved that the discovered crude oil and natural gas in the region derived mainly from O2+3 source rock,and the differences of its properties were controlled by the oil and gas filling *** comprehensive study result shows the oil and gas reservoirs of the region mainly underwent three important accumulation phases:late Caledonian-Early Hercynian epoch,late Hercynian epoch,and Yanshan-Himalayan epoch. In the first phase,the oil and gas derived mostly from Cambrian source rock,which formed the primary ancient oil reservoirs,then suffered strong degradation and remained a great quantity of pyrobitumen in the high position of Tabei uplift in the *** the second phase,the O2+3 source rock of Manjia'er depression started its generation of hydrocarbon,which accumulated in the high position of Tabei uplift afterwards,and then biodegradated to heavy oil in the late Hercynian *** the last phase,the O2+3 source rock of southern Halahatang depression and margin of Manjia'er depression started its peak of generating liquid hydrocarbon,which mostly accumulated in the trap formed before the Indo-China and Yanshan epoch,and in somewhere the heavy oil suffered dilutions in various degrees or serious gas invading,to lead to obvious crude oil divergence.

关键词： marine facies Mid-Upper Ordovician source rock oil and gas source accumulation stage Halahatang depression Tarim Basin

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu gu qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China Basin and ReservoirResearch Center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim Basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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塔北隆起西部复式油气区原油成因与成藏意义

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石油学报 2010年第1期31卷 55-60,67页

作者：张斌崔洁顾乔元朱光有苏劲中国地质大学北京100083 中国石油勘探开发研究院提高石油采收率国家重点实验室北京100083 大庆石油学院黑龙江大庆163318 中国石油塔里木油田公司新疆库尔勒841000

塔北隆起西部地质构造复杂,含油气层系多,是一个典型的"复式油气聚集区"。在该区原油物理性质、地球化学特征以及碳同位素综合分析基础上,将该地区原油划分为海相原油和陆相原油,其中陆相原油又包含湖相原油和煤系原油两种类型。与陆相... 详细信息

塔北隆起西部地质构造复杂,含油气层系多,是一个典型的"复式油气聚集区"。在该区原油物理性质、地球化学特征以及碳同位素综合分析基础上,将该地区原油划分为海相原油和陆相原油,其中陆相原油又包含湖相原油和煤系原油两种类型。与陆相原油相比,海相原油密度大,重排系列含量低,二苯并噻吩含量高,碳同位素轻。海相原油主要来自于中上奥陶统烃源岩,分布于奥陶系内幕岩溶储层中,与哈拉哈塘周缘的原油相近。湖相原油主要分布在白垩系卡普沙良群之下的风化壳中,而煤系原油主要分布于新近系—白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩中。油源精细对比为油气来源、充注期次、运移方向的判识奠定了基础,是复式油气成藏研究的重要环节,同时还可有效地识别油气输导体系,为油气分布规律和控制因素分析提供直接证据。

关键词：塔北隆起复式油气藏油气成因油源对比油气输导体系

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轮南地区奥陶系断裂及储集层裂缝分形特征

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新疆石油地质 1998年第4期19卷 287-289页

作者：顾乔元韩剑发张耀堂塔里木石油勘探开发指挥部

应用分形理论，对塔里木盆地北部轮南地区奥陶系断裂及储集层裂缝进行研究，结果表明，该区的断裂及储集层裂缝分布均具分形结构，自相关性很好，其相关系数均大于０９９进一步研究表明，平面上的断裂发育区和井下的储集层裂缝发育... 详细信息

应用分形理论，对塔里木盆地北部轮南地区奥陶系断裂及储集层裂缝进行研究，结果表明，该区的断裂及储集层裂缝分布均具分形结构，自相关性很好，其相关系数均大于０９９进一步研究表明，平面上的断裂发育区和井下的储集层裂缝发育带是对应的。在碳酸盐岩中找油，储集条件是关键。因此，要彻底弄清轮南奥陶系含油性，应从储集层条件最好的地方入手。分形研究证明，整个轮南地区储集层最好的是平台西区，这应成为近期油气勘探的首选区块。

关键词：塔里木盆地奥陶纪断裂储集层裂缝油田

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Logging Geology Study of the Caverned Paleokarst Reservoir Distribution

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Petroleum Science 2005年第2期2卷 71-75页

作者： WuXinsong YangLei PanWenqing guqiaoyuan ChinaUniversityofPetroleum Beijing102249China ChinaUniversityofPetroleum Beijing102249China／／ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesBeijing100083China TarimOilfieldsCompany Xinjiang841000China

In recent years, many carbonate rock oilfields such as Lunnan and Tahe have been found in the Tarim Basin, and the main reservoir space of the stable high yield wells in these oilfields consists mainly of the caverns formed by the paleo-karstification and the dissolution pores and fractures connected with them. Nevertheless, it is difficult to predict effectively the distribution of the cavern reservoir because of its extremely serious heterogeneity. In this paper, a case study of the Lunxi Oilfield in the north uplift of the Tarim Basin is conducted to introduce the logging geology method for predicting the distribution of the caverned paleokarst reservoir. By means of building up the logging recognition style of different caverns and differentiating and correlating the karst zones with logging curves, and through an analysis of the paleokarst topography background, the favorable karst zones and distribution areas of the high quality cavern reservoir have been located, which lays a new basis for further exploration in this area.

关键词： Paleokarst reservoir petroleum exploration logging Tarim Basin

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塔里木盆地哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏原油特征和倾斜油-水界面成因初探

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地质科学 2009年第1期44卷 338-346页

作者：徐汉林江同文顾乔元牛玉杰张秋茶中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司新疆库尔勒841000

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏内部存在着由北向南原油密度等物性呈现规律变化的特征。西北部的＂重质油＂（密度〉0.934g/cm3）与中-南部的＂轻质油＂（密度〈0.934g/cm3）来源于同一套烃源岩，但原油族组成、原油成份等方面的特... 详细信息

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田东河砂岩油藏内部存在着由北向南原油密度等物性呈现规律变化的特征。西北部的＂重质油＂（密度〉0.934g/cm3）与中-南部的＂轻质油＂（密度〈0.934g/cm3）来源于同一套烃源岩，但原油族组成、原油成份等方面的特征存在着较大的差别。东河砂岩油藏的原油可能不是直接来自于烃源岩，而是来源于古油藏，原油物性的差异是晚喜马拉雅运动导致晚海西期形成的古油藏发生调整并在运移过程中造成的成份分异等原因所致。哈得逊鼻隆构造高点至今仍在迁移，东河砂岩油藏正处于充注、调整之中，导致了其油-气-水界面的大幅度倾斜。

关键词：原油物性古油藏晚期调整东河砂岩哈得逊油田塔里木盆地

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