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Multiple factors correlating with wing malformations in the population of Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) restituted from a low number of individuals: A mini review

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 380-387页

作者： Karolina Pierzynowska Marta Skowron Volponi grzegorz Wegrzyn Department of Molecular Biology University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland

The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus), was common in Europe over 100 years ago, but currently it is considered as near threatened. Different conservation programs have promoted the persistence of this species;however, it is still endangered. An example of such programs was the action devoted to reestablish the Apollo butterfly population in Pieniny National Park (Poland) from only 20-30 individuals which had survived till the last decade of the 20th century. This reintroduction has been successful;however, unexpected developmental problems appeared. Butterflies with deformed or reduced wings became frequent in the population living in the natural habitat, and particularly among those reared under seminatural conditions (in the same environment, but fenced by a net). Until recently, reasons for these malformations remained unknown. However, reports published during last months indicated that there are genetic, biochemical, and microbiological factors contributing to this phenomenon. In the malformed individuals, lesions in the wingless gene and dysfunctions of laccase 1 and 2 were found to be significantly more frequent than in normal insects. A large fraction of butterflies with deformed or reduced wings was devoid of the prokaryotic symbiont Wolbachia, which was present in most normal individuals. Moreover, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer) Smith and Thai, and Serratia sp., bacteria pathogenic to insects, were detected in the biological material from both normal and malformed butterflies from this population. These findings are summarized and discussed in this review, in the light of conservation of insects and restitution of their populations from a low number of individuals.

关键词： Apollo butterfly laccases malformed wings population reconstitution wingless gene Wolbachia

Aluminium in compacted graphite iron

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China Foundry 2020年第2期17卷 137-143页

作者： grzegorz Gumienny Barbara Kurowska Leszek Klimek Lodz University of Technology Department of Materials Engineering and Production SystemsStefanowskiego 1/1590-924.ód.Poland Lodz University of Technology Department of Materials EngineeringStefanowskiego 1/1590-924.ód.Poland

Compacted graphite was obtained using inmold *** effect of aluminium on the crystallization process,microstructure,ferrite microhardness,and hardness of compacted graphite iron was *** microscopic and diffraction tests were also performed,and the process of cast iron crystallization was also *** show that aluminium increases the temperature of the eutectic transformation as well as the transformation temperature in the solid *** is found that aluminium is a graphite forming element in compacted graphite iron(CGI)at a concentration up to 2.4wt.%.When its concentration is higher than 3.1wt.%,aluminium causes the spheroidization of the carbides in eutectoid *** is also demonstrated that in cast iron with an aluminium content higher than^8wt.%,AlFe3C(0.5)phase crystallizes from the liquid.

关键词： compacted graphite iron aluminium cooling curves

Sex and age-specific differences in wing pointedness and wing length in blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla migrating through the southern Baltic coast

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 271-277页

作者： Agnieszka Ozarowska grzegorz Zaniewicz Wtodzimierz Meissner Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology Avian Ecophysiology UnitUniversity of GdanskGdansk80-308Poland Bird Migration Research Station University of GdanskGdansk80-308Poland

The blackcap Sylvia atricapilla shows a complex migratory pattern and is a suitable species for the studies of morphological migratory syndrome,including adaptations of wing shape to different migratory *** migrants of this species that breed in northern,central,and Eastern Europe differ by migration distance and some cover shorter distance to the wintering grounds in the southern part of Europe/North Africa or the British Isles,although others migrate to sub-Saharan *** on>40years of ringing data on blackcaps captured during autumn migration in the Southern Baltic region,we studied age-and sex-related correlations in wing pointedness and wing length of obligate blackcap migrants to understand the differences in migratory behavior of this *** though the recoveries of blackcaps were scarce,we reported some evidence that individuals which differ in migration distance differed also in wing *** found that wing pointedness significantly increased with an increasing wing length of migrating birds,and adults had longer and more pointed wings than juvenile *** indicates stronger antipredator adaptation in juvenile blackcaps than selection on flight efficiency,which is particularly important during ***,we documented more pronounced differences in wing length between adult and juvenile males and *** differences in wing length may enhance a faster speed of adult male blackcaps along the spring migration route and may be adaptive when taking into account climatic effects,which favor earlier arrival from migration to the breeding grounds.

关键词： blackcap migration population wing shape

Myotropic activity and immunolocalization of selected neuropeptides of the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 656-670页

作者： Arkadiusz Urbanski Jan Lubawy Pawel Marciniak grzegorz Rosinski Faculty of Biology Department of Animal Physiology and Development Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Poznan Poland

Burying beetles (Nicrophorus sp.) are necrophagous insects with developed parental care. Genome of Nicrophorus vespilloides has been recently sequenced, which makes them interesting model organism in behavioral ecology. However, we know very little about their physiology, including the functioning of their neuroendocrine system. In this study, one of the physiological activities of proctolin, myosuppressin (Nieve? MS), myoinhibitory peptide (Trica-MIP-5) and the short neuropeptide F (Nicve-sNPF) in N. vespilloides have been investigated. The tested neuropeptides were myoactive on N. vespilloides hindgut. After application of the proctolin increased hindgut contraction frequency was observed (EC50 value was 5.47 x 10-8 mol/L). The other tested neuropeptides led to inhibition of N. vespilloides hindgut contractions (Nicve-MS: IC50 = 5.20 x 10~5 mol/L;Trica-MIP-5: IC50 = 5.95 x 10-6 mol/L;Nicvc-sNPF: IC50 = 4.08 x 10-5 mol/L). Moreover, the tested neuropeptides were immunolocalized in the nervous system of N. vespilloides. Neurons containing sNPF and MIP in brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC) were identified. Proctolin-immunolabeled neurons only in VNC were observed. Moreover, MIP-immunolabeled varicosities and fibers in retrocerebral complex were observed. In addition, our results have been supplemented with alignments of amino acid sequences of these neuropeptides in beetle species. This alignment analysis clearly showed amino acid sequence similarities between neuropeptides. Moreover, this allowed to deduce amino acid sequence of N. vespilloides proctolin (RYLPTa), Nicve-MS (QDVDHVFLRFa) and six isoforms ofNicve-MIP (Nicve-MIP-1一 DWNRNLHSWa;Nicve-MIP-2—AWQNLQGGWa;Nicve-MIP-3—AWQNLQGGWa;Nicve-MlP-4—AWKNLNNAGWa;Nicve-MIP-5—SEWGNFRGSWa;Nicve-MIP-6— DPAWTNLKGIWa;and Nicve-sNPF—SGRSPSLRLRFa).

关键词： burying beetles immunolocalization myotropic activity neuropeptides nervous system

Peptide actions on oviduct contractions in the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 160-165页

作者： grzegorz Rosinski Ignacy Korczynski Malgorzata Slocinska Robert Kuzminski Department of Animal Physiology and Development Poznen University Poznan Department of Forest Entomology Agricultural University of Poznan Poznan Poland

The peptides proctolin, crustacean cardioactive peptide （CCAP） and FMRFamide, which are known to modulate insect muscle contractions, were assayed for their action on oviduct contractions in Hylobius abietis. A video microscopy technique and computer-based method of data acquisition and analysis were used to investigate the effects of theses peptides on spontaneous contractions of continuously perfused oviducts. All three peptides tested stimulate spontaneous contraction activity of the pine weevil oviduct, increasing the frequency and amplitude of phasic contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Proctolin is more potent as a stimulator than CCAR For proctolin a threshold response of oviduct muscles is at concentration of peptide 10-11-10^-10mol/L and for CCAP at concentration range 10-10-10-9 mol/L. FMRFamide exerts a weak stimulatory effect on the oviduct, and at higher concentrations of the peptide （above 10.8 mol/L）. The peptides exert different responses on oviduct contractions and they may play a role as functional regulators in such processes as egg movement and oviposition.

关键词： crustacean cardioactive peptide FMRFamide Hylobius abietis oviductcontraction proctolin

Impact of cold on the immune system of burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides （Coleoptera： Silphidae）

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 443-454页

作者： Arkadiusz Urbanski Elzbieta Czarniewska Edward Baraniak grzegorz Rosinski Department of Systematic Zoology Department of Animal Physiology and Development Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan Poland

Insect overwintering is one of the most astonishing phases of the insect life cycle. Despite vast amounts of knowledge available about the physiological mechanisms of this phenomenon, the impact of stress factors on insect immune system functioning during the winter is still unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze how low temperatures influence the immune system of the beetle Nic＇rophorus vespilloides. The results show that the beetle＇s immune system is differently modulated by cold induced in laboratory settings than that which occurs in natural conditions, Among beetles cultured in conditions similar to summer, low temperatures, did not influence the number of circulating haemocytes, phenoloxidase activity, haemocytes morphology, and percentage ratio of haemocyte types. In these beetles, differences were noted only in the ability of haemocytes to perform phagocytosis. Individuals acclimated in natural conditions in autumn had a higher level of humoral response and a different percentage ratio of haemocyte types. During the winter period, the number of haemocytes in the beetles decreased, but the percentage ratio of phagocytic haemocytes increased. Furthermore, we noted an increase of phenoloxidase activity. Our study also showed mitotic divisions ofhaemocytes in haemolymph collected from burying beetles after cold exposure and from burying beetles collected from natural conditions during autumn and winter. Differences in response to low temperatures in laboratory conditions and the natural environment suggest that the simultaneous presence of other stress factors during winter such as desiccation and starvation have a significant influence on the activity of burying beetle＇s immune system.

关键词： burying beetles cold immune system overwintering phagocytosisphenoloxidase

Surface texture formation in precision machining of direct laser deposited tungsten carbide

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Advances in Manufacturing 2017年第3期5卷 251-260页

作者： Szymon Wojciechowski Zbigniew Nowakowski Radomir Majchrowski grzegorz Krolczyk Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo 3 Poznan 60-965 Poznan Poland Opole University of Technology Proszkowska 7645-758 Opole Poland

This paper focuses on an analysis of the surface texture formed during precision machining of tungsten carbide. The work material was fabricated using direct laser deposition （DLD） technology. The experiment included precision milling of tungsten carbide samples with a monolithic torus cubic boron nitride tool and grinding with diamond and alumina cup wheels. An optical surface profiler was applied to the measurements of surface textures and roughness profiles. In addition, the micro-geometry of the milling cutter was measured with the appli- cation of an optical device. The surface roughness height was also estimated with the application of a model, which included kinematic-geometric parameters and minimum uncut chip thickness. The research revealed the occurrence of micro-grooves on the machined surface. The surface roughness height calculated on the basis of the traditional kinematic-geometric model was incompatible with the measurements. However, better agreement between the theoretical and experimental values was observed for the minimum uncut chip thickness model.

关键词： Surface texture - Precision machining ·Tungsten carbide · Direct laser deposition (DLD)

Enhancement of wettability in AZ91/B_(4)C system by a mechanical purification of liquid alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3133-3142页

作者： Artur Kudyba Wojciech Polkowski grzegorz Bruzda Adelajda Polkowska Donatella Giuranno Łukasiewicz Research Network-Krakow Institute of Technology Zakopian´ska 73 Str.30-418 KrakówPoland National Research Council of Italy Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for EnergyVia De Marini 616149GenovaItaly

Mg-based alloys are potential candidate materials for a fabrication of lightweight boron carbide based composites through a reactive melt infiltration approach. In this paper, the effect of a mechanical purification of molten AZ91 alloy’s surface on its wettability with polycrystalline B_(4)C is experimentally evaluated for the first time. For this purpose, sessile drop experiments were performed under the same operating conditions(700℃/5 min;Ar atmosphere), by using both the classical contact heating(CH) and the improved capillary purification(CP) procedure. It was found that the evolution of contact angle values was strongly influenced by the applied procedure. In particular, by using the classical CH procedure, the presence of a native oxide layer on the metal surface hinders the observations of melting process, resulting in a misleading conclusion that the system is non-wettable. Contrarily, during the wetting test performed by applying the CP procedure, the surface oxide layer was mechanically removed by squeezing the molten AZ91 alloy through a capillary. Accordingly, the oxide-free AZ91 drop with a regular and spherical shape was successfully obtained and dispensed on the B_(4)C substrate. A reliable contact angle value of θ =83° was measured at the AZ91/B_(4)C triple line at 700 ℃, which in turn proves that B_(4)C is wetted by the liquid AZ91 alloy. In contradiction to the literature, these good wetting conditions were assisted by a non-reactive wetting mechanism occurring at the AZ91/B_(4)C interface. To succeed in the fabrication of AZ91/B_(4)C composites by liquid metal infiltration, such experimental observations make it reasonable to expect a spontaneous infiltration process exclusively driven by capillarity, which in turn increases the efficiency of the process by the absence of reaction products that could be a potentially detrimental factor.

关键词： AZ91 magnesium alloy Magnesium matrix composites Sessile drop Capillary purification procedure Wettability Contact angle MMCs B_(4)C

Nest-site selection by the white-tailed eagle and black stork–implications for conservation practice

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 781-792页

作者： grzegorz Zawadzki Dorota Zawadzka Anna Sołtys Stanisław Drozdowski Department of Forest Protection Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland. Department of Forestry University ofŁódźBranch in Tomaszów MazowieckiKonstytucji Maja 65/67 97-200 Tomaszów MazowieckiPoland.3Department of SilvicultureInstitute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 15902-776 WarszawaPoland.

Background:Nesting trees and habitat represent the key factor underpinning stand selection by forest-dwelling *** two large European species–the black stork(Ciconia nigra L.)and white-tailed eagle(Haliaaetus albicilla L.)–are known to require old,large trees for nesting,we sought to investigate further by comparing species requirements at the levels of the nesting tree,nesting stand,and *** entailed a detailed examination of forest features within circles of radius 15 m surrounding 16 and 19 trees holding the nests of storks and eagles *** same parameters were also checked in the vicinity of 50 randomly-selected mature ***:Our results indicate different nesting preferences,with the eagles entirely confining themselves to Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)–a species also chosen by black storks,which nevertheless regularly favour pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.).Both species select trees of greater girth than the random ones,but white-tailed eagles choose to nest in the vicinity of patches of mature old stands with a loose canopy,to the extent that nesting trees and surrounding trees are of similar *** contrast,black storks prefer“veteran”trees with low-set crowns that are much older than any others in their *** trees of the eagles are away from roads and close to lakes,while black storks do not avoid ***:As the ages of nesting trees of both species are greater than ages at final cutting in this region’s managed forest,silvicultural measures will need to be adjusted,with small patches of forest spared,or larger areas as“islands”of ***,as tending and thinning are engaged in,certain trees with horizontal branches will need to remain,with relict trees also left *** it happens,all of these recommendations are anyway key elements of close-to nature silviculture and multifunctional forestry.

关键词： Augustów Forest Poland Ciconia nigra Haliaeetus albicilla Nesting requirements Protection of nest sites Old trees Forest management