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Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 187-192页

作者： Mathis Grossmann Jeffrey D zajac Department of Medicine Austin Health/Northern Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia

Androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） has been associated with a plethora of adverse effects, consistent with the androgen dependency of multiple reproductive and somatic tissues. One such tissue is the hemopoietic system, and one of the most predictable consequences of ADT is the development of anemia. Although anemia caused by ADT is rarely severe, ADT is often given to frail, elderly men with increased susceptibility to anemia due to multiple other causes. ADT-associated anemia may contribute to fatigue and reduced quality of life （QoL） in such men, although this requires further study. While anemia is an independent risk factor of mortality in men with prostate cancer, it is not known whether treatment of ADT-associated anemia alters clinically important outcomes, or whether treatment affects mortality. Awareness of the phenomenon of ADT-induced anemia should avoid unnecessary work-up in mild cases of normocytic normochromic anemia. However, assessment and treatment of more severe anemia may be required. This should be determined on an individual basis. In contrast to the weli-descrihed actions of ADT on erythropoiesis, its effect on other hemopoietic lineages has been less well elucidated. While preclinical studies have found roles for androgens in maturation and differentiated function of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, the implications of these findings for men with prostate cancer receiving ADT require further studies.

关键词： anemia androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prostate cancer

Tissue-resident T cells lose their SIP_1 exit visas

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第3期11卷 221-223页

作者： Allan J zajac Laurie E Harrington Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 United States Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL. 35294 United States

CD8 T cells play critical roles in controlling intracellular pathogensand tumors. To accomplish this the small number of antigen-inexperienced naive CD8 T cells that are capable of recognizing the antigen of interest must first become primed. These initial activaion events occur while the responding T cells are sequestered within lymph nodes, but many of the cells subsequently egress into the periphery and migrate into other organs where they can fulfill their principle mission of identifying and eliminating infected or malignant target cells.

关键词： Tissue-resident S1P_1 exit visas the departure

Human androgen deficiency： insights gained from androgen receptor knockout mouse models

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 169-177,I0006页

作者： Kesha Rana Rachel A Davey Jeffrey D zajac Department of Medicine Austin Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.

The mechanism of androgen action is complex. Recently, significant advances have been made into our understanding of how androgens act via the androgen receptor （AR） through the use of genetically modified mouse models. A number of global and tissue-specific AR knockout （ARKO） models have been generated using the Cre-loxP system which allows tissue- and/or cell-specific deletion. These ARKO models have examined a number of sites of androgen action including the cardiovascular system, the immune and hemopoetic system, bone, muscle, adipose tissue, the prostate and the brain. This review focuses on the insights that have been gained into human androgen deficiency through the use of ARKO mouse models at each of these sites of action, and highlights the strengths and limitations of these Cre-loxP mouse models that should be considered to ensure accurate interpretation of the phenotype.

关键词： androgen receptor androgen receptor knockout mouse model androgen deficiency

The loss of sexual size dimorphism in urban populations of a widespread reptile,the European grass snake Natrix natrix

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 217-218页

作者： Stanistaw BURY Bartlomiej zajac Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7Krakow30-387Poland

Ciries represent a unique ecosystem dominated by humans and highdensity man-made infrastructure,associated with modifications or entire loss of local ***,urbanization constitutes a consid-erable challenge for wildlife,and only a minority of species is able to persist in cities(Niemela et al.2011).Species that maintain popula-tions in cities are usually characterized by significant changes in life history characteristics,population structure,and ecological relations(Niemela et al.2011).

关键词： body size Natrix sexual dimorphism snake urban ecology

Si-based polymer-derived ceramics for energy conversion and storage

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第2期11卷 197-246页

作者： Qingbo WEN Fangmu QU Zhaoju YU Magdalena GRACZYK-zajac Xiang XIONG Ralf RIEDEL State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Materials Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramic Fibers(Xiamen University)Ministry of EducationXiamen 361005China Technische Universität Darmstadt Institut für MaterialwissenschaftOtto-Berndt-Straβe 3D-64287DarmstadtGermany EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Durlacher Allee 9376131 KarlsruheGermany

Since the 1960s,a new class of Si-based advanced ceramics called polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs)has been widely reported because of their unique capabilities to produce various ceramic materials(e.g.,ceramic fibers,ceramic matrix composites,foams,films,and coatings)and their versatile ***,due to their promising structural and functional properties for energy conversion and storage,the applications of PDCs in these fields have attracted much attention in recent *** review highlights the recent progress in the PDC field with the focus on energy conversion and storage ***,a brief introduction of the Si-based polymer-derived ceramics in terms of synthesis,processing,and microstructure characterization is provided,followed by a summary of PDCs used in energy conversion systems(mainly in gas turbine engines),including fundamentals and material issues,ceramic matrix composites,ceramic fibers,thermal and environmental barrier coatings,as well as high-temperature ***,applications of PDCs in the field of energy storage are reviewed with a strong focus on anode materials for lithium and sodium ion *** possible applications of the PDCs in Li–S batteries,supercapacitors,and fuel cells are discussed as ***,a summary of the reported applications and perspectives for future research with PDCs are presented.

关键词： polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs) high-temperature resistance structural properties electrochemical properties microstructure

Expression of androgen receptor target genes in skeletal muscle

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第5期16卷 675-683,I0006页

作者： Kesha Rana Nicole KL Lee Jeffrey D zajac Helen E MacLean Department of Medicine Austin Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia

We aimed to determine the mechanisms of the anabolic actions of androgens in skeletal muscle by investigating potential androgen receptor （AR）-regulated genes in in vitro and in vivo models. The expression of the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle from testosterone-treated orchidectomized male mice compared to control orchidectomized males, and was increased in muscle from male AR knockout mice that lacked DNA binding activity （AR△ZF2） versus wildtype mice, demonstrating that myogenin is repressed by the androgen/AR pathway. The ubiquitin ligase Fbxo32 was repressed by 12 h dihydrotestosterone treatment in human skeletal muscle cell myoblasts, and c-Myc expression was decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle, and increased in AR△ZF2 muscle. The expression of a group of genes that regulate the transition from myoblast proliferation to differentiation, Tceal7, p57Kip2, IEf2 and calcineurin Aa, was increased in AR△ZF2 muscle, and the expression of all but p57kip2 was also decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle. We conclude that in males, androgens act via the AR in part to promote peak muscle mass by maintaining myoblasts in the proliferative state and delaying the transition to differentiation during muscle growth and development, and by suppressing ubiquitin ligase-mediated atrophy pathways to preserve muscle mass in adult muscle.

关键词： androgen receptor anabolic atrophy gene expression skeletal muscle

Inscribing the core memories of killers

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 104-105页

作者： Sarah J.Dulson Laurie E.Harrington Allan J.zajac Department of Cell Developmentaland Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States

Recent studies on natural killer(NK)cells have challenged the dogma that immunological memory is a phenomenon restricted to the adaptive immune *** interactions between the NK cell receptor Ly49H and the murine cytomegalovirus virus(MCMV)-encoded glycoprotein m157 result in selective expansion of the Ly49H+NK cell subpopulation and the establishment of a long-lived memory-like population.1–3 Further,memory NK cells show augmented IFNγresponses,and transfer of the memory population into naive mice confers enhanced protection against infection-induced mortality.1 These observations along with cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion functions that overlap with CD8 T cells have led to the description of NK cells as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems.

关键词： killer mortality cytotoxicity

Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on insulin resistance and body composition in transgender individuals: A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第3期11卷 66-77页

作者： Cassandra Spanos Ingrid Bretherton Jeffrey D zajac Ada S Cheung Trans Medical Research Group Department of Medicine (Austin Health) University of Melbourne

BACKGROUND Transgender individuals receiving masculinising or feminising gender-affirming hormone therapy with testosterone or estradiol respectively,are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes,including myocardial infarction and *** may be related to the effects of testosterone or estradiol therapy on body composition,fat distribution,and insulin resistance but the effect of genderaffirming hormone therapy on these cardiovascular risk factors has not been extensively *** To evaluate the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body composition and insulin resistance in transgender individuals,to guide clinicians in minimising cardiovascular *** We performed a review of the literature based on PRISMA ***,Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies examining body composition,insulin resistance or body fat distribution in transgender individuals aged over 18 years on established gender-affirming hormone *** were selected for full-text analysis if they investigated transgender individuals on any type of gender-affirming hormone therapy and reported effects on lean mass,fat mass or insulin *** The search strategy identified 221 *** exclusion of studies that did not meet inclusion criteria,26 were included(2 cross-sectional,21 prospectiveuncontrolled and 3 prospective-controlled).Evidence in transgender men suggests that testosterone therapy increases lean mass,decreases fat mass and has no impact on insulin *** in transgender women suggests that feminising hormone therapy(estradiol,with or without anti-androgen agents)decreases lean mass,increases fat mass,and may worsen insulin *** to body composition were consistent across almost all studies:Transgender men on testosterone gained lean mass and lost fat mass,and transgender women on oestrogen experienced the *** study directly contradicted these trends,though several small st

关键词： Transgender persons Insulin resistance Body composition Gender dysphoria Metabolic syndrome

通过脂肪抑制自旋回波和FLASH－2D序列改善胰腺癌的诊断

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放射学实践 1995年第2期10卷 54-55页

作者： zajac,M 李小刚荆沙市第一人民医院

胰腺癌因症状出现晚，诊断受到极大限制。ＭＲＴ是否将改善此状况，目前尚难肯定。

关键词：胰腺肿瘤 VMR 血管造影