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Black esophagus: Acute esophageal necrosis syndrome

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第26期16卷 3219-3225页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Department of Gastroenterology St. Vincent’s Medical Center/New York Medical College170 West 12th StreetNew YorkNY 10011United States

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), commonly referred to as "black esophagus", is a rare clinical entity arising from a combination of ischemic insult seen in hemodynamic compromise and low-flow states, corrosive injury from gastric contents in the setting of esophago-gastroparesis and gastric outlet obstruction, and decreased function of mucosal barrier systems and reparative mechanisms present in malnourished and debilitated physical states. AEN may arise in the setting of multiorgan dysfunction, hypoperfusion, vasculopathy, sepsis, diabetic ketoacidosis, alcohol intoxication, gastric volvulus, traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta, thromboembolic phenomena, and malignancy. Clinical presentation is remarkable for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Notable symptoms may include epigastric/abdominal pain, vomiting, dysphagia, fever, nausea, and syncope. Associated laboratory f indings may reflect anemia and leukocytosis. The hallmark of this syndrome is the development of diffuse circumferential black mucosal discoloration in the distal esophagus that may extend proximally to involve variable length of the organ. Classic "black esophagus" abruptly stops at the gastroesophageal junction. Biopsy is recommended but not required for the diagnosis. Histologically, necrotic debris, absence of viable squamous epithelium, and necrosis of esophageal mucosa, with possible involvement of submucosa and muscularis propria, are present. Classif ication of the disease spectrumis best described by a staging system. Treatment is directed at correcting coexisting clinical conditions, restoring hemodynamic stability, nil-per-os restriction, supportive red blood cell transfusion, and intravenous acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors. Complications include perforation with mediastinal infection/abscess, esophageal stricture and stenosis, superinfection, and death. A high mortality of 32% seen in the setting of AEN syndrome is usually related to the underlying medical co-morbiditi

关键词： Acute esophageal necrosis Black esophagus Acute necrotizing esophagitis Ischemia Endoscopy Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

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Black hairy tongue syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10845-10850页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Amy Tan Department of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical Center New York University School of Medicine

Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. Its prevalence varies geographically, typically ranging from 0.6% to 11.3%. Known predisposing factors include smoking, excessive coffee/black tea consumption, poor oral hygiene, trigeminal neuralgia, general debilitation, xerostomia, and medication use. Clinical presentation varies but is typically asymptomatic, although aesthetic concerns are common. Differential diagnosis includes pseudo-BHT, acanthosis nigricans, oral hairy leukoplakia, pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, and congenital melanocytic/melanotic nevi/macules. Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. Treatment involves identification and discontinuation of the offending agent, modifications of chronic predisposing factors, patient’s re-assurance to the benign nature of the condition, and maintenance of adequate oral hygiene with gentle debridement to promote desquamation. Complications of BHT (burning mouth syndrome, halitosis, nausea, gagging, dysgeusia) typically respond to therapy. Prognosis is excellent with treatment of underlying medical conditions. BHT remains an important medical condition which may result in additional burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate prevention, recognition and treatment.

关键词： Black hairy tongue Hyperkeratosis of the tongue Lingua villosa nigra

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Enterolithiasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第47期20卷 17819-17829页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Gloria Lan Division of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States

Enterolithiasis or formation of gastrointestinal concretions is an uncommon medical condition that develops in the setting of intestinal stasis in the presence of the intestinal diverticula, surgical enteroanastomoses, blind pouches, afferent loops, incarcerated hernias, small intestinal tumors, intestinal kinking from intra-abdominal adhesions, and stenosing or stricturing Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Enterolithiasis is classified into primary and secondary types. Its prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 10% in selected populations. Proximal primary enteroliths are composed of choleic acid salts and distal enteroliths are calcified. Clinical presentation includes abdominal pains, distention, nausea, and vomiting of occasionally sudden but often fluctuating subacute nature which occurs as a result of the enterolith tumbling through the bowel lumen. Thorough history and physical exam coupled with radiologic imaging helps establish a diagnosis in a patient at risk. Complications include bowel obstruction, direct pressure injury to the intestinal mucosa, intestinal gangrene, intussusceptions, afferent loop syndrome, diverticulitis, iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and perforation. Mortality of primary enterolithiasis may reach 3% and secondary enterolithiasis 8%. Risk factors include poorly conditioned patients with significant obstruction and delay in diagnosis. Treatment relies on timely recognition of the disease and endoscopic or surgical intervention. With advents in new technology, improved outcome is expected for patients with enterolithiasis.

关键词： Enterolithiasis Gallstone ileus Intestinal obstruction Crohn’ s disease Meckel’ s diverticulum Diverticulosis Intestinal tuberculosis

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Bleeding with the artificial heart: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in CF-LVAD patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第22期23卷 3945-3953页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Elena Fradkov Division of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical Center Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical Center

Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices(CF-LVADs)have significantly improved outcomes for patients with end-stage heart failure when used as a bridge to cardiac transplantation or,more recently,as destination ***,its implantations carries a risk of complications including infection,device malfunction,arrhythmias,right ventricular failure,thromboembolic disease,postoperative and nonsurgical bleeding.A significant number of left ventricular assist devices(LVAD)recipients may experience recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage,mainly due to combination of antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonist therapy,activation of fibrinolytic pathway,acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency,and tendency to develop small intestinal angiodysplasias due to increased rotary speed of the *** bleeding in LVAD patients remains a source of increased morbidity including the need for blood transfusions,extended hospital stays,multiple readmissions,and overall *** of gastrointestinal bleeding in LVAD patients involves multidisciplinary approach in stabilizing the patients,addressing risk factors and performing structured endoluminal evaluation with focus on upper gastrointestinal tract including jejunum to find and eradicate culprit *** and procedural intervention is largely successful and universal bleeding cessation occurs in transplanted patients.

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleeding Left ventricular assist devices Heart failure Angioectasia Endoscopy

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Large-scale genome-wide SNP analysis reveals the rugged(and ragged)landscape of global ancestry,phylogeny,and demographic history in chicken breeds

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： Natalia V.DEMENTIEVA Yuri S.SHCHERBAkov Olga I.STANISHEVSKAYA Anatoly B.VAKHRAMEEV Tatiana A.LARKINA Artem P.DYSIN Olga A.NIKOLAEVA Anna E.RYABOVA Anastasiia I.AZOVTSEVA Olga V.MITROFANOVA grigoriy K.PEGLIVANYAN Natalia R.REINBACH Darren K.GRIFFIN Michael N.ROMANOV Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry.Pushkin St.Petersburg196601Russia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK L.K.Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable,but shrinking,number of divergently selected breeds of diverse *** study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture,genetic variability,and detailed structure among 49 *** populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe(Russia,Czech Republic,France,Spain,UK,etc.),Asia(China),North America(USA),and Oceania(Australia).Based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)chip,a bioinformatic analysis was carried *** included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,inbreeding coefficients,and effective population *** also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic *** multidimensional scaling,principal component analysis,and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis,we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each *** overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed,and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed,which included egg,meat,dual-purpose types,and ambiguous *** a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry *** general,whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.

关键词： Chicken genome diversity Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis gene pool Global ancestry Phylogeny Demographic history

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A comparison of burn related injuries following the natural disaster Super Storm Hurricane Sandy to the National Burn Repository of the American Burn Association

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第1期4卷 41-44页

作者： Michael Kalina grigoriy Malyutin Michael L.Cooper Emergency Surgery Staten Island University Hospital256 Mason AvenueSuite CStaten IslandNY 10305USA

Background:Burn related injuries from natural disasters are not wel described and natural disasters are not identified as an etiology of burn injury in the National Burn Repository(NBR)of the American Burn *** natural disaster Super Storm Hurricane Sandy had devastating *** goal was to detail the burn related injuries fol owing this natural disaster and to compare the data to the ***:This was a retrospective chart review of thirty four patients who sustained burn related injuries following Super Storm Hurricane Sandy(SSHS)and were managed at Staten Island University Hospital Burn *** Review Board approval was *** variables included age,gender,race,past medical history(PMHx),burn type,percentage total body surface area(%TBSA),hospital length of stay(HLOS),and *** compared data from SSHS to the 2003-2013 *** data were summarized using frequency counts,percentages and Clopper-Pearson 95%confidence interval for *** outcome data were summarized by descriptive *** analyses performed with SAS?System Version 9.3(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC)and pge age was 36+24 years,range 1-80 years,and 44.1%were males(15/34,95%CI:27.2-62.1).Caucasians comprised 58.8%,(20/34,95%CI:40.7,75.4)and 73.5%had no PMHx(25/34,95%CI:55.6,87.1).The most common burn type was scald,55.9%,(19/34,95%CI:37.9,72.8)and%TBSA ranged 1%–47%,average of 7%+12%.The average HLOS was 13+26 days,range of 1–113 *** was 2.9%(1/34,95%CI:0.07–15).In comparison,the NBR reported an average age of 32 years and 69%were *** comprised 59.1%.The most common burn type was flame,43.2%and the%TBSA ranged 1%–9.9%.HLOS ranged 8.4–10.2 days and mortality was 3.4%.Conclusion:We conclude that burn related injuries following a natural disaster differ as compared to those most commonly reported in the NBR.

关键词： Natural disaster Super Storm Hurricane Sandy Burn

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Selective and Clean Cyclohexene-Promoted Oxidation and Photooxidation by Air

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2011年第2期1卷 26-30页

作者： grigoriy Sereda Vikul Rajpara 不详

A simple and environmentally friendly selective procedure for cyclohexene-promoted photooxidation of p-xylene, ethylbenzene, and cumene by air in the presence of a pristine or oxidized carbonaceous material is reported. Depending on the catalyst and conditions, the reaction yields either of the following industrially important products: 4-methylbenzyl hydroperoxide, 4-methylbenzoic acid, 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, acetophenone with high selectivity and practical extent of conversion. Exposure the reaction mixture to ambient light further increased the yields. Improved performance of oxidized graphite has demonstrated the potential of surface modification for the design of novel carbonaceous catalysts.

关键词： Oxidation Synthesis Catalysis Hydrocarbons

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Development of sorghum mutants with improved in vitro protein digestibility by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of kafirin genes

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1411-1418页

作者： Lev A.Elkonin grigoriy a.ge.ashche.kov Natalie V.Borisenko Odyssey A.Kenzhegulov Saule Kh.Sarsenova Natalya A.Rozhnova Valery M.Panin Federal Centre of Agriculture Research of South-East Region Saratov 410010Russia Institute of Biochemistry and genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa 450054Russia

Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a major world crop that is a reliable source of fodder and food grain in arid regions. However, unlike other cereals, sorghum grain has low nutritional value, owing mainly to the resistance of its storage proteins(kafirins) to protease digestion. Changing the composition of kafirins or their primary structure may address this problem. To induce mutations in kafirin-encoding genes that were expected to disturb their accumulation in endosperm cells, we used a genome-editing approach. By Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of cv. Avans, we obtained 14 transgenic plants with genetic constructs for site-directed mutagenesis of the k1C5 and g KAF1 genes encoding 22 k Da a-and 28 kDa γ-kafirins, respectively. Sequencing of 5 regenerants obtained by using k1C5-addressing vector revealed two plants with mutations. T_1 progeny of these mutants had higher in vitro digestibility of endosperm proteins(86%–92%), in comparison with the donor Avans(63%–67%). The kernels of these plants had a thick vitreous endosperm. A mutant with increased in vitro protein digestibility and vitreous endosperm, carrying a mutation in the target sequence, was also obtained by use of the gKAF1-addressing vector. Thus, using genome editing technology, we have obtained mutants with improved kafirin digestibility that can be used in sorghum breeding.

关键词： Sorghum CRISPR/Cas Kafirins In vitro protein digestibility Vitreous endosperm

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Burning mouth syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第5期19卷 665-672页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Amy Tan Division of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10016United States New York University School of Medicine New YorkNY 10016United States

Burning mouth syndrome is a debilitating medical condition affecting nearly 1.3 million of *** common features include a burning painful sensation in the mouth,often associated with dysgeusia and xerostomia,despite normal ***, symptoms are better in the morning,worsen during the day and typically subside at *** etiology is largely multifactorial,and associated medical conditions may include gastrointestinal,urogenital,psychiatric,neurologic and metabolic disorders,as well as drug *** has clear predisposition to peri-/post menopausal *** pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated and involves peripheral and central neuropathic *** diagnosis relies on careful history taking,physical examination and laboratory *** is often tedious and is aimed at correction of underlying medical conditions,supportive therapy,and behavioral *** therapy with alpha lipoic acid,clonazepam,capsaicin,and antidepressants may provide symptom *** may be *** term follow up data is promising,however,long term prognosis with treatment is *** remains an important medical condition which often places a recognizable burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate recognition and treatment.

关键词： Burning mouth syndrome Glossodynia Glossopyrosis Burning tongue

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Video capsule endoscopy and CT enterography in diagnosing adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第37期19卷 6292-6295页

作者： grigoriy E Gurvits Amy Tan Dmitri Volkov Department of Gastroenterology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical Center Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology New York University School of Medicine/Langone Medical Center

Primary adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a rare but important cause of gastric outlet obstruction that may be misdiagnosed as idiopathic ***,patients present with early satiety,abdominal fullness,nausea,epigastric discomfort and *** gastric retention of a video capsule endoscope is diagnostic in differentiating between the two diseases,in the absence of an organic gastric outlet *** case presents the longest video capsule retention in the medical literature to *** is also the first case report of adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis diagnosed with video capsule endoscopy or a computed tomography ***,an unusual"plugging"of the gastric outlet with free floating capsule has an augmented effect on disease physiology and on patient’s symptoms.

关键词： Video capsule endoscopy Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Gastroparesis Endoscopy Computed tomography enterography

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