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mathematical model for Stroke and White matter Hyperintensities

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第4期13卷 66-94页

作者： James m. gregory Professor Emeritus Civil Engineering Department at Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

A mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of having a stroke as a person ages. The age component was derived from the concept that the change in risk of stroke with age is a function of the current risk of developing a stroke. This equation modeled the trend with age reported in the literature for two different data sets with R2 values of 0.97 or better for both men and women. A second equation of a similar nature was developed to predict the accumulation of white matter hyperintensities, WmH, as a person ages. It appears that each equation includes a set of common risk factors. This set of common risk factors allows an individual’s risk for stroke to be based on measured WmH. A third equation links WmH with the risk of developing a stroke. This equation allows an individual to use measured WmH from brain scans to predict the future risk of developing a stroke. In theory, a person with a relatively high measurement of WmH can project future risk for stroke with age and use counter measures such as exercise and medications to keep other risk factors low as a person continues to age.

关键词： Stroke White matter Hyperintensities WmH Aging Depression Trauma PTSD

A survey of high resolution image processing techniques for cereal crop growth monitoring

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 300-315页

作者： Sanaz Rasti Chris J.Bleakley N.m.Holden Rebecca Whetton David Langton gregory O’Hare School of Computer Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinDublinIreland Origin Enterprises plc DublinIreland

This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.

关键词： Crop canopy cover Above ground biomass Leaf area index Chlorophyll content Growth stage Cereal image processing

Recent Advances in ^(19)Fluorine magnetic Resonance Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Emulsions

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Engineering 2015年第4期1卷 475-489页

作者： Anne H.Schmieder Shelton D.Caruthers Jochen Keupp Samuel A.Wickline gregory m.Lanza Division of Cardiology Washington University School of Medical Toshiba medical Research Institute USA Inc. Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University Philips Research Hamburg

The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （mRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in mRI instrumentation, ~gF/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of ~gF into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.

关键词： fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (mRI) dual-tuned coil perfluorocarbon angiogenesis cell labeling

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensors for in vivo detection of nucleic acid targets in a large animal model

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Nano Research 2018年第8期11卷 4005-4016页

作者： Hsin-Neng Wang Janna K. Register Andrew m. Fales Naveen Gandra Eugenia H. Cho Alina Boico gregory m. Palmer Bruce Klitzman Tuan Vo-Dinh Departments of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC27708 USA Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics Duke University Durham NC27708 USA medical Center Duke University Durham NC27710 USA Deportments of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC27708 USA Hsin-Neng Wang Janna K. Register and Andrew M. Fales contributed equally to this work.

Although nanotechnology has led to important advances in in vitro diagnostics, the development of nanosensors for in vivo detection remains very challenging. Here, we demonstrated the proof-of-principle of in vivo detection of nudeic acid targets using a promising type of surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） nanosensor implanted in the skin of a large animal model （pig）. The in vivo nanosensor used in this study involves the ＂inverse molecular sentinel＂ detection scheme using plasmonics-active nanostars, which have tunable absorption bands in the near infrared region of the ＂tissue optical window＂, rendering them efficient as an optical sensing platform for in vivo optical detection. Ex vivo measurements were also performed using human skin grafts to demonstrate the detection of SERS nanosensors through tissue. In this stud, a new core--shell nanorattle probe with Raman reporters trapped between the core and shell was utilized as an internal standard system for self-calibration. These results illustrate the usefulness and translational potential of the SERS nanosensor for in vivo biosensing.

关键词： nanosensor nanoprobes plasmonics nanostar surface-enhanced Ramanscattering (SERS) in vivo sensing

Charge disproportionation and site-selective local magnetic moments in the post-perovskite-type Fe_(2)O_(3) under ultra-high pressures

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npj Computational materials 2019年第1期5卷 345-351页

作者： Ivan Leonov gregory Kh.Rozenberg Igor A.Abrikosov m.N.miheev Institute of metal Physics Russian Academy of Sciences620137 YekaterinburgRussia materials modeling and Development Laboratory National University of Science and Technology‘MISIS’119049 MoscowRussia School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversitySE-58183 LinköpingSweden

The archetypal 3d mott insulator hematite,Fe_(2)O_(3),is one of the basic oxide components playing an important role in mineralogy of Earth’s lower *** high pressure-temperature behavior,such as the electronic properties,equation of state,and phase stability is of fundamental importance for understanding the properties and evolution of the Earth’s ***,we study the electronic structure,magnetic state,and lattice stability of Fe_(2)O_(3)at ultra-high pressures using the density functional plus dynamical mean-field theory(DFT+DmFT)*** the vicinity of a mott transition,Fe_(2)O_(3) is found to exhibit a series of complex electronic,magnetic,and structural *** particular,it makes a phase transition to a metal with a post-perovskite crystal structure and site-selective local moments upon compression above 75 *** show that the site-selective phase transition is accompanied by a charge disproportionation of Fe ions,with Fe^(3±δ)and δ~0.05–0.09,implying a complex interplay between electronic correlations and the *** results suggest that site-selective local moments in Fe_(2)O_(3) persist up to ultra-high pressures of~200–250 GPa,i.e.,sufficiently above the core-mantle *** latter can have important consequences for understanding of the velocity and density anomalies in the Earth’s lower mantle.

关键词： magnetic local high

Endophytic fungi alter sucking bug responses to cotton reproductive structures

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1003-1014页

作者： gregory A. Sword Ashley Tessnow maria Julissa Ek-Ramos Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia Facultad de Ciencias BiolSgicas Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon San Nicolas de los Garza Nuevo Leon Mexico

All plants including cotton host a wide range of microorganisms as endophytes. There is a growing appreciation of the prevalence, ecological significance and management potential of facultative fungal endophytes in protecting plants from pests, pathogens and environmental stressors. Hemipteran sucking bugs have emerged as major pests across the U.S. cotton belt, reducing yields directly by feeding on developing reproductive structures and indirectly by vectoring plant pathogens. We used no-choice and simultaneous choice assays to examine the host selection behavior of western tarnished plant bugs （Lygus hesperus） and southern green stink bugs （Nezara viridula） in response to developing flower buds and fruits from cotton plants colonized by 1 of 2 candidate beneficial fungal endophytes, Phialemonium inflatum or Beauveria bassiana. Both insect species exhibited strong negative responses to flower buds （L. hesperus） and fruits （N. viridula） from plants that had been colonized by candidate endophytic fungi relative to control plants under both no-choice and choice conditions. Behavioral responses of both species indicated that the insects were deterred prior to contact with plant tissues from endophyte-colonized plants, suggesting a putative role for volatile compounds in mediating the negative response. Our results highlight the role of fungal endophytes as plant mutualists that can have positive effects on plant resistance to pests.

关键词： behavior endophyte fungi Hemiptera mutualism sucking bug

Universal frequency engineering tool for microcavity nonlinear optics:multiple selective mode splitting of whispering-gallery resonances

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Photonics Research 2020年第11期8卷 1676-1686页

作者： Xiyuan Lu Ashutosh Rao gregory moille Daron A.Westly Kartik Srinivasan microsystems and Nanotechnology Division Physical Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgM aryland 20899USA Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and m aryland NanoCenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Joint Quantum Institute NIST/University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA

Whispering-gallery microcavities have been used to realize a variety of efficient parametric nonlinear optical processes through the enhanced light–matter interaction brought about by supporting multiple high quality factor and small modal volume *** to such studies is the ability to control the relative frequencies of the cavity modes,so that frequency matching is achieved to satisfy energy *** this is done by tailoring the resonator cross *** so modifies the frequencies of all of the cavity modes,that is,the global dispersion profile,which may be undesired,for example,in introducing competing nonlinear ***,we demonstrate a frequency engineering tool,termed multiple selective mode splitting(mSmS),that is independent of the global dispersion and instead allows targeted and independent control of the frequencies of multiple cavity *** particular,we show controllable frequency shifts up to 0.8 nm,independent control of the splitting of up to five cavity modes with optical quality factors≳10^5,and strongly suppressed frequency shifts for untargeted *** mSmS technique can be broadly applied to a wide variety of nonlinear optical processes across different material platforms and can be used to both selectively enhance processes of interest and suppress competing unwanted processes.

关键词： resonator nonlinear splitting

Variation in resource competition traits among microcystis strains is affected by their microbiomes

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 401-415页

作者： Dylan Baker Casey m.Godwin muhtamim Khanam Ashley m.Burtner gregory J.Dick Vincent J.Denef Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Freshwater harmful algal blooms are often dominated by microcystis,a phylogenetically cohesive group of cyanobacteria marked by extensive genetic and physiological *** have previously shown that this genetic diversity and the presence of a microbiome of heterotrophic bacteria influences competitive interactions with eukaryotic *** this study,we sought to explain these observations by characterizing monod equation parameters for resource usage(maximum growth rateμmax,half-saturation value for growth Ks,and quota)as a function of N and P levels for four strains(NIES-843,PCC 9701,PCC 7806[WT],and PCC 7806ΔmcyB)in presence and absence of a microbiome derived from microcystis isolated from Lake *** indicated limited differences in maximum growth rates but more pronounced differences in half-saturation values among microcystis *** largest impact of the microbiome was reducing the minimal nitrogen concentration sustaining growth and reducing half saturation values,with variable results depending on the microcystis *** strains also differed from each other in their N and P quotas and the extent to which microbiome presence affected *** data highlight the importance of the microbiome in altering microcystis-intrinsic traits,strain competitive hierarchies,and thus bloom *** quota,μmax,and Ks are commonly used in models for harmful algal blooms,our data suggest that model improvement may be possible by incorporating genotype dependencies of resource-use parameters.

关键词： cultivation-dependent fitness harmful algal blooms host-microbe interactions phytoplankton

Bacillary layer detachment presenting with posterior scleritis:case report

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第3期7卷 67-71页

作者： gregory W.Bligard Andrew R.Lee Lynn m.Hassman Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Washington University in St.Louis School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)*** finding has been recently described in patients with diverse primary diagnoses which share the common feature of serous exudation in the posterior ***,thus far there have been very few reports in the literature of BALAD in patients with posterior *** Description:A 16-year-old male presented with unilateral vision changes that acutely worsened overnight to significant unilateral vision *** was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic posterior scleritis with associated BALAD on *** to other reported cases of BALAD,he experienced anatomic restoration of the outer retina followed by good visual recovery after treatment with high dose steroid,ultimately with complete recovery of both retinal anatomy and vision within 4 ***:This case provides further evidence that posterior scleritis can be a cause of *** rapid presentation and excellent visual and anatomical outcome of this case is entirely consistent with known descriptions of BALAD in a variety of other conditions,further supporting the categorization of BALAD as an entity which retinal specialists should be able to recognize as distinct from other forms of intraretinal fluid,retinal detachment,and retinoschisis.

关键词： Case report bacillary layer detachment(BALAD) photoreceptor scleritis inner segment