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Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： breanna J.Putman gregory b.pauly Daniel T.blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their *** comm only invasive species do well in disturbed habitats,such as urban environments,and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbarices could con tribute to their ***,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturbed *** question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urban-exploiting"*** Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,brown anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles ***,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native *** predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and by being found farther from a refuge(behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,but were consistently found at distances closer to a ***,invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native *** on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator boldness escape behavior invasion reptile urban ecology

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Xylan O-Acetylation Impacts Xylem Development and Enzymatic Recalcitrance as Indicated by the Arabidopsis Mutant tb129

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1373-1375页

作者： Guangyan Xiong[a], Kun Cheng[a] Markus pauly[a],[b], [a] Energy biosciences Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA[b] Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Dear Editor, Plant cell walls consist of a complex composite of the poly- saccharides cellulose, various hemicelluloses, pectic polysaccharides, and the polyphenol lignin. Most cell wall polysaccharides are O-acetylated to varying extents, depending on plant spe- cies and tissue type （Gille and pauly, 2012）. However, the function of this substituent in planta remains enigmatic. Recently, several proteins have been identified that mediate polysac- charide O-acetylation in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana （Gille and pauly, 2012）. One protein, a member of the ＇trichome birefringence-like＇（TbL） protein family, AXY4/ TbL27, was proven to be required for the specific O-acetylation of the hemicellulose xyloglucan representing a potential xylo- glucan O-acetyltransferase （Gille et al., 2011）. Other TbL mem- bers （there are a total of 46 members in Arabidopsis; bischoff et al., 2010） might thus be involved in contributing to the O-acetylation of the other wall polymers （Gille et al., 2011）.

关键词： Cell wall Polysaccharides XYLOGLUCAN xylan Arabidopsis Hemicellulose plant species xylem

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Cybermaterials: materials by design and accelerated insertion of materials

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 233-246页

作者： Wei Xiong gregory b Olson Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA QuesTek Innovations LLC EvanstonILUSA

Cybermaterials innovation entails an integration of Materials by Design and accelerated insertion of materials(AIM),which transfers studio ideation into industrial *** assembling a hierarchical architecture of integrated computational materials design(ICMD)based on materials genomic fundamental databases,the ICMD mechanistic design models accelerate *** here review progress in the development of linkage models of the process-structure–property-performance paradigm,as well as related design accelerating *** the materials development capability based on phase-level structural control requires more fundamental investment at the level of the Materials Genome,with focus on improving applicable parametric design models and constructing high-quality *** opportunities in materials genomic research serving both Materials by Design and AIM are addressed.

关键词： insertion linkage constructing

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Is salmonid migration at risk from chemical information disruption?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 378-387页

作者： Keith b.Tierney gregory G.Pyle biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied SciencesEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Public Health College of Health SciencesEdmontonABT6G 1C9Canada Department of biological Sciences University of LethbridgeLethbridgeABT1K 3M4Canada

Good information is the basis for good *** many invaluable salmon species,chemical information is necessary to guide and fine-tune their migrations to and from freshwater mating grounds.A problem is that salmon of the current world are running a gauntlet of toxic chemicals arising from diverse anthropogenic inputs and these chemicals are known to disrupt *** is sufficient evidence that effluents from cities,mines,agriculture and industry contain chemicals that can rapidly,and sometimes irreversibly,impair the olfactory sense that salmon use to gather *** toxic inputs may not only be strong enough to impair migration,but be strong enough to redirect salmon away from their *** is also evidence that some synthetic chemicals may serve as the basis for ‘new’ information and be useful in making correct migratory *** the plus side,there are examples of new regulations that limit the input of chemicals of known olfactory toxicity,but on the minus side,increased urbanization and global climate change will likely increase the number and/or severity of some neurotoxic *** we identify the specific avenues of chemical risks to information disruption and in so doing prioritize and rank the risks to migrating *** data collected here can be used to lay the foundation for modelling the effects of anthropogenic inputs on information disruption in diverse salmonid species from around the world and therefore help secure their longevity in a changing chemical environment.

关键词： Salmon migration Ocean ranching Chemical information disruption Homing disruption Olfactory toxicity

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Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical behaviour of Metastable Cu-Zr-Co Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第6期30卷 584-589页

作者： S.pauly K.Kosiba P.Gargarella b.Escher K.K.Song G.Wang U.Kühn J.Eckert IFW Dresden Institut für Komplexe Materialien HelmholtzstraBe 20D-01069 Dresden Germany Laboratory for Microstructures Shanghai University TU Dresden Institut für WerkstoffwissenschaftD-01062 Dresden Germany

Three different Cu-Zr-Co alloys, namely Cu40Zr37.5Co22.5, Cu42.5Zr45Co12.5 and Cu49Zr49Co2, were obtained by rapid cooling. The microstructure and phase formation of as-cast rods with diameters of 2 mm are compared with those of the respective ingots. An increasing Co content stabilises the b2 CuZr phase and leads to the precipitation of a ternary Cu-Zr-Co phase. The variation of the cooling rate affects the size of the b2 dendrites as well as the volume fraction and the morphology of the interdendritic phases. The mechanical properties were determined in compression and all alloys show a certain plastic deformability despite the presence of several binary and ternary intermetallic phases. The deformation mechanisms are discussed on the basis of the microstructures and the constituent phases.

关键词： bulk metallic glasses Microstructural evolution Mechanical behaviour

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Plant Genome Editing Database (PGED): A Call for Submission of Information about Genome-Edited Plant Mutants

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Molecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 127-129页

作者： Yi Zheng Ning Zhang gregory b. Martin Zhangjun Fei boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe biology Section School of Integrative 2Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Ithaca NY 14853 USA These authors contributed equally to this article

Recent advances in genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas, enable the alteration of DNA sequences to produce deletions, insertions, and substitutions in genes (Jaganathan et al., 2018), as well as large ... 详细信息

关键词： Plant Genome Editing Database (PGED) Genome-Edited Plant Mutants

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Enhanced tensile plasticity of a CuZr-based bulk metallic glass composite induced by ion irradiation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第10期35卷 2221-2226页

作者： Peng Xue Simon pauly Weimin Gan Songshan Jiang Hongbo Fan Zhiliang Ning Yongjiang Huang Jianfei Sun State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China IFW Dresden Institute for Complex MaterialsHelmholtzstraβe 20D-01069 DresdenGermany German Engineering Materials Science Centre(GEMS)at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(MLZ) Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbHGarchingGermany Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Microstructures Manufacturing(Harbin Institute of Technology) Ministry of EducationHarbinChina

N^+ ion irradiation is utilized to tune the structure and mechanical properties of a Cu48Zr47.2Al4Nb0.8 bulk metallic glass composite(bMGC). Ion irradiation increases the disorder near the surface, as probed by neutron diffraction, and, moreover, causes the phase transformation from b2Cu Zr to b19’ CuZr martensitic phase in the studied bMGC. The tensile plasticity of the bMGC is dramatically improved after ion irradiation, which results from multiple shear banding on the surface and the martensitic transformation of the b2 to b19’ Cu Zr martensitic phase. The experimental results are strongly corroborated by complementary molecular dynamic simulations.

关键词： bulk metallic glass composite Ion irradiation Neutron diffraction Molecular dynamics simulation Mechanical properties

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Glass-forming ability, phase formation and mechanical properties of glass-forming Cu-Hf-Zr alloys

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第5期29卷 576-581页

作者： K.Kosiba Kaikai Song U.Kühn Gang Wang S.pauly Leibniz IFW Dresden Institute for Complex Materials School of Mechanical Electrical & Information Engineering Shandong University (Weihai) Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of Materials Shanghai University

The influence of Hf additions on the glass-forming ability（GFA）,phase formation and mechanical properties of Cu;Hf;Zr;（x=2,5,10,20 at.%）alloys has been systematically *** report on a distinct correlation between phase formation and GFA of Cu;Zr;-based *** additions of Hf reduce the thermal stability of the high-temperature b2Cu（Hf,Zr）phase,while the thermal stability of the corresponding undercooled melt is *** GFA of these alloy series gradually raises up to 10 at.%Hf,whereas at 20 at.%Hf,the GFA is drastically lowered,since the b2Cu（Hf,Zr）phase becomes unstable and the precipitation of the lowtemperature equilibrium phases is *** interrelation determines the microstructure and results in the formation of Cu-Hf-Zr-based bulk metallic glass *** composites not only show appreciable macroscopic plastic strain,but also high yield strength.

关键词： Metallic glasses Glass-forming ability Composites Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram Mechanical properties

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CuZr-based bulk metallic glass and glass matrix composites fabricated by selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第22期81卷 139-150页

作者： Liang Deng Long Zhang Konrad Kosiba RenéLimbach Lothar Wondraczek Gang Wang Dongdong Gu Uta Kühn Simon pauly Leibniz IFW Dresden Institute for Complex MaterialsHelmholtzstraße 20D-01069DresdenGermany Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research University of JenaFraunhoferstraße 6D-07743 JenaGermany Laboratory for Microstructure Institute of MaterialsShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg Würzburger Straße 45D-63743AschaffenburgGermany

Monolithic bulk metallic glass and glass matrix composites with a relative density above 98%were produced by processing Cu_(46)Zr_(46)Al_(8)(at.%)via selective laser melting(SLM).Their microstructures and mechanical properties were systematically examined.b2 CuZr nanocrystals(30-100 nm in diameter)are uniformly dispersed in the glassy matrix when SLM is conducted at an intermediate energy *** b2 CuZr nanocrystals nucleate the oxygen-stabilized big cube phase during a remelting *** presence of these nanocrystals increases the structural heterogeneity as indirectly revealed by mircrohardness and nanoindentation *** corresponding maps in combination with calorimetric data indicate that the glassy phase is altered by the processing *** the formation of crystals and a high overall free volume content,all additively manufactured samples fail at lower stress than the as-cast glass and without any plastic *** inherent brittleness is attributed to the presence of relatively large pores and the increased oxygen content after selective laser melting.

关键词： Selective laser melting CuZr-based glass bulk metallic glass matrix composites Phase formation Mechanical properties

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Removal of Cryptosporidium sized particle under different filtration temperature, flow rate and alum dosing

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2007年第1期14卷 23-25页

作者：许国仁 Fitzpatrick S. b. Caroline gregory John 邓林煜 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College London Gower Street

Recent Cryptosporidium outbreaks have highlighted concerns about filter efficiency and in particular particle breakthrough. It is essential to ascertain the causes of Cryptosporidium sized particle breakthrough for Cryptosporidium cannot be destroyed by conventional chlorine disinfection. This research tried to investigate the influence of temperature, flow rate and chemical dosing on particle breakthrough during filtration. The results showed that higher temperatures and coagulant doses could reduce particle breakthrough. The increase of filtration rate made the residual particle counts become larger. There was an optimal dose in filtration and was well correlated to ζ potential.

关键词： Cryptosporidium humic acid filtration particle temperature

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