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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

High Temperature Iron Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts Bearing N,N,N'-2-(1-(2,4-Dibenzhydryl-6-fluorophenylimino)ethyl)-6-(1-(arylphenylimino)ethyl)pyridines

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第2期42卷 188-201,I0007页

作者： Chantsalnyam Bariashir Qiu-Yue Zhang Bayasgalan Ulambayar gregory A.Solan Tong-Ling Liang wen-Hua Sun Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatar13330Mongolia Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Department of Chemistry University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

The N,N,N'-ferrous chloride complexes,[2-{CMeN(2,4-(CHPh)_(2)-6-FC_(6)H_(2))}-6-(CMeNAr)C_(5)H_(3)N]FeCl_(2)(Ar=2,6-Me_(2)C_(6)H_(3) Fe1,2,6-Et_(2)C_(6)H_(3)Fe2,2,6-^(i)Pr_(2)C_(6)H_(3) Fe3,2,4,6-Me_(3)C_(6)H_(2) Fe4 and 2,6-Et_(2)-4-MeC_(6)H_(2) Fe5),each possessing one N-2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-fluorophenyl group,were readily synthesized from their respective unsymmetrical bis(imino)pyridines,*** identification of Fe2 highlighted the variation in the steric properties provided by the dissimilar N-aryl *** pre-treatment with either MAO or MMAO,complexes Fe1-Fe5 all displayed,at an operating temperature of 80℃,high activities for ethylene polymerization with levels falling in the order:Fe4> Fe1> Fe5> Fe2> ***,Fe4/MAO displayed the highest activity of 1.94×10^(7) g_(PE)·mol_(Fe)^(-1)·h^(-1) of the study with only a modest loss in performance at 90℃.Generally,the resulting polyethylenes were highly linear(T_(m) range:122-132℃),narrowly disperse and of low molecular weight(M_(w) range:6.73-46.04kg·mol^(-1)),with the most sterically hindered Fe3 forming the highest molecular weight polymer of the ***-group analysis by ^(1)H-and ^(13)CNMR spectroscopy revealed saturated alkyl(n-propyl and i-propyl) and unsaturated vinyl chain ends indicative of the role of both β-H elimination and chain transfer to aluminum as termination *** comparison with previou sly reported iron precatalysts with similar tridentate ligand skeletons,it is evident that the introduction of a large benzhydryl group in combination with a fluorine as the ortho-substituents of one N-aryl group has the effect of enhancing thermal stability of the iron polymerization catalyst whilst maintaining appreciable polymer molecular weight.

关键词： Iron catalyst Ethylene polymerization Linear polyethylene Fluoride effect Thermal stability

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.w.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Primary cilia as a novel horizon between neuron and environment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1225-1230页

作者： gregory w.Kirschen Qiaojie Xiong Medical Scientist Training Program Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA Department of Neurobiology & Behavior Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

The primary cilium, a hair-like sensory organelle found on most mammalian cells, has gained recent attention within the field of neuroscience. Although neural primary cilia have been known to play a role in embryonic central nervous system patterning, we are just beginning to appreciate their importance in the mature organism. After several decades of investigation and controversy, the neural primary cilium is emerging as an important regulator of neuroplasticity in the healthy adult central nervous system. Further, primary cilia have recently been implicated in disease states such as cancer and epilepsy. Intriguingly, while primary cilia are expressed throughout the central nervous system, their structure, receptors, and signaling pathways vary by anatomical region and neural cell type. These differences likely bear relevance to both their homeostatic and neuropathological functions, although much remains to be uncovered. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of neural primary cilia and highlight several key advances in the field over the past few decades. we then set forth a proposed research agenda to fill in the gaps in our knowledge regarding how the primary cilium functions and malfunctions in nervous tissue, with the ultimate goal of targeting this sensory structure for neural repair following injury.

关键词： G protein-coupled receptor sonic hedgehog seizure stroke stem cell neurogenesis plasticity

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Advancements in the mind-machine interface:towards re-establishment of direct cortical control of limb movement in spinal cord injury

畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) 2024年第1期

作者： gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller w.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe w.Cain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1060-1061页

作者： Jian Guan gregory w.J.Hawryluk Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Neurosciences CenterUniversity of Utah

Spinal cord injury（SCI）resulting in loss of motor function can be caused by a variety of conditions,ranging from traumatic to neoplastic to *** is estimated that nearly 300,000individuals live with the effects of SCI in the United States alone（National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,2016）.Current treatment modalities for patients suffering from SCI are primarily supportive,

关键词： cortical modalities neoplastic alone traumatic restoration suffering cortex options infectious

Quantizing Euclidean Motions via Double-Coset Decomposition

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 525-540页

作者： Christian wülker Sipu Ruan gregory S.Chirikjian Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMDUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore

Concepts from mathematical crystallography and group theory are used here to quantize the group of rigid-body motions,resulting in a“motion alphabet”with which robot motion primitives are *** these primitives it is possible to develop a dictionary of physical *** with an alphabet of the sort developed here,intelligent actions of robots in the world can be approximated with fnite sequences of characters,thereby forming the foundation of a language in which robot motion is *** particular,we use the discrete handedness-preserving symmetries of macromolecular crystals(known in mathematical crystallography as Sohncke space groups)to form a coarse discretization of the space SE(3)of rigid-body *** discretization is made fner by subdividing using the concept of double-coset *** specifcally,a very efcient,equivolumetric quantization of spatial motion can be defned using the group-theoretic concept of a double-coset decomposition of the formΓ\SE(3)/Δ,whereΓis a Sohncke space group andΔis a fnite group of rotational symmetries such as those of the *** resulting discrete alphabet is based on a very uniform sampling of SE(3)and is a tool for describing the continuous trajectories of robots and *** efcient coarse-to-fne search algorithm is presented to round of any motion sampled from the continuous group of motions to the nearest element of our *** is shown that our alphabet and this efcient rounding algorithm can be used as a geometric data structure to accelerate the performance of other sampling schemes designed for desirable dispersion or discrepancy ***,the general“signals to symbols”problem in artifcial intelligence is cast in this framework for robots moving continuously in the world.

关键词： robot primitive thereby

Should we have a guard against therapeutic nihilism for patients with severe traumatic brain injury?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1801-1803页

作者： Ryan Hirschi Casey Rommel gregory w.J.Hawryluk School of Medicine University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Biomedical Informatics School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of UtahClinical Neurosciences CenterSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Many clinicians would agree that a vegetative outcome is a fate worse than death after a severe traumatic brain injury （TBI）. In an effort to avoid poor outcomes of this nature, neurotrauma practitioners draw from their training and experience to make the monumental decision of when to recommend against aggressive care in severe TBI patients. Such judgements are,

关键词： guard against therapeutic evere traumatic

Genetic targeting of astrocytes to combat neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第2期15卷 199-211页

作者： Rachel Kéry Allen P. F. Chen gregory w. Kirschen Medical Scientist Training Program MSTP)Stony Brook MedicineStony BrookNYUSA Department of Neurobiology & Behavior Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA

Astrocytes, glial cells that interact extensively with neurons and other support cells throughout the central nervous system, have recently come under the spotlight for their potential contribution to, or potential regenerative role in a host of neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that astrocytes, in concert with microglial cells, activate intrinsic immunological pathways in the setting of neurodegenerative injury, although the direct and indirect consequences of such activation are still largely unknown. we review the current literature on the astrocyte’s role in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as highlighting recent advances in genetic manipulation of astrocytes that may prove critical to modulating their response to neurological injury, potentially combatting neurodegenerative damage.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis glia immune system inflammation Parkinson's disease reactive astrocyte regeneration