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Efficient visual learning by bumble bees in virtual-reality conditions:size does not matter

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Insect science 2023年第6期30卷 1734-1748页

作者： gregory Lafon Marco Paoli Benjamin HPaffhausen Gabriela de Brito sanchez Mathieu Lihoreau Aurore Avarguès-Weber Martin Giurfa Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative(CBI)University of ToulouseCNRSUPSToulouseFrance French Academy of sciences for University Professors Institut Universitaire de France(IUF)ParisFrance

Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigate the visual learning in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on responses to appetitive and aversive reinforcements used for conditioning, we show that bumble bees had the proper appetitive motivation to engage in the VR experiments and that they learned efficiently elemental color discriminations. In doing so, they reduced the latency to make a choice, increased the proportion of direct paths toward the virtual stimuli and walked faster toward them. Performance in a short-term retention test showed that bumble bees chose and fixated longer on the correct stimulus in the absence of reinforcement. Body size and weight, although variable across individuals, did not affect cognitive performances and had a mild impact on motor performances. Overall, we show that bumble bees are suitable experimental subjects for experiments on visual learning under VR conditions, which opens important perspectives for invasive studies on the neural and molecular bases of such learning given the robustness of these insects and the accessibility of their brain.

关键词： Bombus terrestris bumble bees interindividual size/weight differences reinforcement responses visual learning virtual reality

Identification of epididymis-specific transcripts in the mouse and rat by transcriptional profiling

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 522-527页

作者： Daniel s. Johnston Terry T. Turner Joshua N. Finger Tracy L. Owtscharuk gregory s. Kopf scott A. Jelinsky Contraception Women＇s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology Wyeth Research Collegeville PA 19426 USA Department of Urology University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 Cell Biology University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Biological Technologies Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery Wyeth Research Cambridge MA 02140 USA

As part of our efforts to identify novel contraceptive targets in the epididymis we performed transcriptional profiling on each of the 10 and 19 segments of the mouse and rat epididymidis, respectively, using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. A total of 17 096 and 16 360 probe sets representing transcripts were identified as being expressed in the segmented mouse and rat epididymal transcriptomes, respectively. Comparison of the expressed murine transcripts against a mouse transcriptional profiling database derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 transcripts that were expressed uniquely in the epididymis. The expression of these genes was further evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis of RNA from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR analysis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta 13 and identified two additional genes with expression restricted only to the epididymis and testis. Comparison of the 16 360 expressed transcripts in the rat epididymis with data of 21 other tissues from a rat transcriptional profiling database identified 110 transcripts specific for the epididymis. sixty-two of these transcripts were further investigated by qPCR analysis. Only Defensin 22 （E3 epididymal protein） was shown to be completely specific for the epididymis. In addition, 14 transcripts showed more than 100-fold selective expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might play important roles in epididymal and/or sperm function and further investigation and validation as contraceptive targets are warranted. The results of the studies described in this report are available at the Mammalian Reproductive Genetics （MRG） Database （http：//mrg. ***/）. （Asian J Androl 2007July; 9： 522-527）

关键词： mouse rat epididymis transcriptional profiling contraception microarray epididymis-specific epididymis-selective

Prevalence of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in bateyes of the Dominican Republic

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第3期8卷 43-55页

作者： Hunter M.Keys gregory s.Noland Madsen Beau De Rochars stephen Blount Manuel Gonzales Department of Anthropology University of AmsterdamBuilding B-REC B 8.01Nieuwe Achtergracht 1661018WVAmsterdamThe Netherlands The Carter Center 453 Freedom ParkwayAtlantaGA 30307USA Health services Research Management and Policy DepartmentUniversity of Florida1225 Center DriveHPNP 3101GainesvilleFL 32611USA Center for Prevention and Control of Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Av.Juan Pablo Duarte No.26910301 Santo DomingoDominican Republic

Background:The island of Hispaniola,shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic(DR),is the only remaining malaria-endemic island in the Caribbean and accounts for 95%of the lymphatic filariasis(LF)burden in the *** countries aim to eliminate the diseases by *** from Haiti,where both diseases are more prevalent,may promote transmission in the ***,Haitian migrant labourers live in rural Dominican agricultural'company towns'called boteyes,many of which received mass drug administration(MDA)for LF *** study sought to determine the prevalence of malaria and LF in bateyes of the DR and to describe related risk faaors for ***:From March to April 2016,a cross-seaional,cluster survey was conduaed across Dominican boteyes stratified into three regions:southwest,north and east.A household questionnaire(n=776),captured demographics,ethnic origin,mobility patterns,malaria intervention coverage,and knowledge,and recent fever and *** individuals per household(n=1418)were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy and rapid diagnostic test(RDT)and LF antigen by filariasis test strip(FTs).Population-level estimates and confidence intervals(Cl)were computed adjusting for the survey ***-sided Hests compared differences in knowledge ***:No(0%)blood sample was Plosm odium-positw e by microscopy or *** individuals were FTs-positive(0.5%;95%CI:0.2-1.5),but none(0%)of these were *** botey residents were born in the DR(57.8%),documented(85.0%),and permanent residents(85.1%).Very few respondents(9.4%)reported travel to Haiti in the past ***,half(53.8%)of respondents owned a bed net,and 82.3%of net owners reported using it the previous *** residual spraying(IRs)differed by region(range:4.7%-61.2%).Most of those with recent fever sought care(56.0%),yet only 30.5%of those seeking care were tested for *** to Dominican-born populations,Haitian-bor

关键词： Dominican Republic Haiti Malaria Lymphatic filariasis Elimination Migrant

Reduced texaphyrin:A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

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Frontiers of Chemical science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 19-27页

作者： Harrison D.Root gregory Thiabaud Jonathan L.sessler Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712-1224USA

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin,*** metal complexation,a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to *** long employed for synthesis in organic media,we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous *** to In(Ⅲ),Hg(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Bi(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ)cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 *** process is selective for Hg(Ⅱ)under conditions of competitive ***,among the subset of responseproducing cations,In(Ⅲ)proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features,including an overall increase in *** cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents,where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be *** formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography,ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies,and highresolution mass spectrometry.

关键词： texaphyrin fluorescent sensor ion-sensing indium mercury

Forecast Hesitancy: Why are People Reluctant to Believe, Accept, or Respond to Various Weather, Water, and Climate Hazard-Related Forecasts?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第4期12卷 600-609页

作者： Michael H.Glantz gregory E.Pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR)University of ColoradoBoulderCO80301USA

Current discussions of the social phenomenon of“vaccine hesitancy”with regard to Covid-19 provide an opportunity to use hesitancy as a means to shift thinking about untimely and delayed responses to forecasts of hydrometeorological ***,that is,provides a paradigm through which such regrettably delayed responses to hydromet hazards might be better understood and effectively *** exaggeration,just about every hydromet event provides an example of how hesitancy hinders individual,community,and national government risk-reducing preventive and mitigative responses to forecasts of foreseeable,relatively near-term climate,water,or weather *** for such hesitancy(for vaccine and forecast use alike)include—among others—lack of trust in the science,lack of confidence in government,and persistent concern about the uncertainties that surround forecasting—both meteorological and public *** such,a better understanding of the causes that lead to individual and group hesitancy can better inform hydromet forecasters and affected communities about ways in which beneficial actions in response to timely forecasts are often *** better understanding will facilitate,where necessary,targeted interventions to enhance the societal value of forecasting by reducing this long-observed challenge of“forecast hesitancy.”First,this article focuses on incidents of“vaccine hesitancy”that,for various reasons,people around the world are even now experiencing with regard to several now-available,and confirmed efficacious,Covid-19 *** of such incidents of indecisiveness first increased dramatically over the first few months of 2021,despite the strong scientific confidence that vaccination would significantly lower personal risk of contracting as well as spreading the ***,the notion of forecast hesitancy with regard to hydrometeorological hazards is discussed.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Forecast Forecast hesitancy Hesitancy Hydromet hazards Vaccine hesitancy

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo Joseph Julian Teh Paul sweet Phil gregory Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American Museum of Natural History New YorkUSA sicklebill safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and Australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPs loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

single-Li^+ conductivity in ionomeric network

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1993年第5期11卷 429-434页

作者： FARRINGTON gregory C. Department of Materials and Engineer University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Ionomeric networks(IN)with lithium sulfate and sait-solvating oligo(oxyethylene)chain were synthesized on the purpose of improving the conductivity of single-Li^+-ionic ***^+-ionic conductivity depends considerably on the salt content of the INs although the apparent degree of cross- linking is fixed in a constant of 10 mol%.As salt content(Li/O value)equals 0.0467,conductivity of the IN containing neither small-molecular salt nor low molecular weight plasticizer reaches a maximum of 7×10^(-6) s/cm at 25℃.Temperature-conductivity relationship of the INs shows curved Arrhenins plots,suggesting that the ionic conduction is primarily influenced by segmental motion of the polymer *** addition,WLF(Williams-Landel-Ferry)equation is used to analyze the conductivity data, from which the related WLF parameters are determined.

关键词： single-Li

Potential of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the oxadiazine indoxacarb for controlling five coleopteran pests of stored grain

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Insect science 2012年第1期19卷 96-101页

作者： gregory J. Daglish Manoj K. Nayak Agri-science Queensland Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Brisbane Queensland Australia

The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E）（the lesser grain borer）, sitophilus oryzae （L.）（the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）（the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.）（the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （stephens）（the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. Imidacloprid had no effect on s. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .

关键词： beetles imidacloprid indoxacarb stored grain

NitroMAC：An instrument for the measurement of HONO and intercomparison with a long-path absorption photometer

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第2期28卷 105-113页

作者： Charbel Afif Corinne Jambert Vincent Michoud Aurélie Colomb gregory Eyglunent Agnès Borbon Véronique Daele Jean-Francois Doussin Pascal Perros Emissions Measurements and Modeling of the Atmosphere Laboratory EGFEM Unit Center for Analysis and Research Faculty of SciencesSaint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des systemes Atmospheriques (LIsA) UMR7583 CNRS Universite Paris-Est-Creteil (UPEC) et Universite Paris Diderot (UPD) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Creteil France Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement CNRS Orleans France

Nitro MAC（French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds） is an instrument which has been developed for the semi-continuous measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid（HONO）. This instrument relies on wet chemical sampling and detection using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）-visible absorption at540 nm. sampling proceeds by dissolution of gaseous HONO in a phosphate buffer solution followed by derivatization with sulfanilamide/N-（1-naphthyl）-ethylenediamine. The performance of this instrument was found to be as follows： a detection limit of around 3 ppt with measurement uncertainty of 10% over an analysis time of 10 min. Intercomparison was made between the instrument and a long-path absorption photometer（LOPAP） during two experiments in different environments. First, air was sampled in a smog chamber with concentrations up to 18 ppb of nitrous acid. Nitro MAC and LOPAP measurements showed very good agreement. Then, in a second experiment, ambient air with HONO concentrations below250 ppt was sampled. While Nitro MAC showed its capability of measuring HONO in moderate and highly polluted environments, the intercomparison results in ambient air highlighted that corrections must be made for minor interferences when low concentrations are measured.

关键词： Atmospheric measurements Nitrous acid sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine Long-path absorption photometer French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds(NitroMAC)