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Clinician Utilization of Best Practices for HIV Care and Status Disclosure: A Cross-Sectional Study

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第8期4卷 649-658页

作者： Victor n. Ede Elleen Yancey Harold Stringer Robina Josiah Willock gregory Strayhorn Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Department of Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Master of Science in Clinical Research Program Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Master of Science in Clinical Research Program Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Department of Family Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA

Determining the baseline utilization of best practices among clinicians, with regard to HIV care and disclosure of status to at-risk partners, is critical to addressing HIV prevention issues and disease transmission. In this study, we examined clinicians' utilization of best practices for HIV/AIDS care and the disclosure of HIV status to sexual and needle-sharing partners (HSSnSP). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 100 clinicians to assess knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards best practices for HIV care and disclosure of HSSnSP. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the utilization of clinical best practices for HIV care and disclosure of HSSnSP. Forty eight percent of the participants revealed poor behaviors. Fifty six percent showed less positive attitudes towards clinical best practices for HIV care and disclosure of status. Less than half (32%) of the participants had earned at least 1 HIV/AIDS CME credit in the past two years. Our study showed strong associations between the utilization of best practices for HIV care and the disclosure of status, and clinician attitudes and knowledge levels. Further research that aims to improve knowledge and attitudes on clinical best practices for providing HIV/AIDS care and the disclosure of status is needed. This improvement may lead to increase in the utilization of best practices for HIV care and disclosure of status, and contribute to decreases in disease transmission rates.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Care Status Disclosure Best Practice Clinician Sexual and needle-Sharing Partners

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Statistical Analysis for Engineers and Scientists：A Computer-Based Approach 工程师和科学家实用统计分析——基于计算机的方法

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丛书名：国外大学优秀教材--工业工程系列

2002年

作者： J. Wesley barnes

本书是第一本从现代计算机观点出发的工程统计学教材。通过集成教材中内容宽广的软件程序，结合在工程和科研中的应用，为学生讲授概率和统计学的概念。本书包含独特、全面及用户友好的软件包（用于PC机或苹果机），其特色是以应用为取... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787900641977

本书是第一本从现代计算机观点出发的工程统计学教材。通过集成教材中内容宽广的软件程序，结合在工程和科研中的应用，为学生讲授概率和统计学的概念。本书包含独特、全面及用户友好的软件包（用于PC机或苹果机），其特色是以应用为取向，而对大多数理论问题的探讨较为直观。通过精心设计的章节式学习方式和各种练习，帮助学生在充分学习使用软件的过程中掌握各章的内容，并对所有出现的假设检验中的有效样本进行了完全和详细的统计处理。本书的主要内容包括：多元回归分析、离散随机变量的卷积和变换、双变量概率分布、假设检验的操作特性曲线、统计过程控制和非参数统计分析等。

关键词： Engineering

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Geomagnetic field absenee reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupt!ng feeding behavior and appetite regulation

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 251-260页

作者： Gui-Jun Wan Shou-Lin Jiang Ming Zhang Jing-Yu Zhao Ying-Chao Zhang Wei-Dong Pan gregory A.Sword Fa-Jun Chen Department of Entomology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXU.S.A.

The geomagnetic field(GMF)is well documented for its essential role as a cue used in animal orientation or navigation.Recent evidence indicates that the absence of GMF(mimicked by the near-zero magnetic field,nZMF)can trigger stress-like responses such as reduced body weight,as we have previously shown in the brown planthopper,nilaparvata lugens.In this study,we found that consistent with the significantly decreased body weight of newly emerged female(—14.67%)and male(—13.17%)adult n.lugens,the duration of the phloem ingestion feeding waveform was significantly reduced by 32.02%in 5th instar nymphs reared under the nZMF versus GMF.Interestingly,5th instar nymphs that exhibited reduced feeding had significantly higher glucose levels(+16.98%and+20.05%;24 h and 48 h after molting),which are associated with food aversion,and expression patterns of their appetite-related neuropeptide genes(neuropeptide F,dow regulated overall;short neuropeptide F,dowregulated overall;adipokinetic hormone up-regulated overall;and adipokinetic hormone receptor,down-regulated overall)were also altered under the absence of GMF in a manner consistent with diminishing appetite.Moreover,the expressions of the potential magnetosensor croptochromes(Crys)were found significantly altered under the absence of GMF,indicating the likely upstream signaling of the Cry-mediated magnetoreception mechanisms.These findings support the hypothesis that strong changes in GMF intensity can reduce adult body weight through affecting insect feeding behavior and underlying regulatory processes including appetite regulation.Our results highlight that GMF could be necessary for the maintenanee of energy homeostasis in insects.

关键词： appetite body weight feeding behavior geomagnetic field magnetoreception nilaparvata lugens

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Single versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after CABG Surgery

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2013年第4期3卷 135-139页

作者： Ryan n. Shely gregory S. King Marintha R. Short Department of Pharmacy Services Saint Joseph Hospital Lexington USA.

Background: The optimal antiplatelet therapy regimen in the early post-operative CABG period is not well researched. Several studies have proven that use of clopidogrel and aspirin prior to surgery increases bleed risks, but very few studies have examined this therapy post-operatively. Due to the limited amount of data surrounding this topic, the goal of this study was to determine if single or dual antiplatelet therapy had better outcomes in those status-post CABG surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective, single center, cohort study performed at Saint Joseph Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky. Data was reviewed through the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database, pharmacy medication dispensing records, as well as manual chart review. The primary composite endpoint of the study consisted of in-hospital mortality, ischemic or thrombotic events, bleeding events, restenosis rates, and 30-day readmission rates. Results: The number of events with regard to the primary composite endpoint was 32 events with combination therapy and 39 events with aspirin monotherapy (p = 0.39). A greater decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit was seen in the aspirin monotherapy group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.047). Patients with prior CVA or TIA were more commonly placed on combination therapy after surgery (p = 0.018). There were no differences in outcomes when type of antiplatelet therapy and type of CABG were analyzed. Conclusions: There was no difference seen between single versus dual antiplatelet therapy regarding the primary composite endpoint. There was an increase in bleeding events with aspirin monotherapy as defined by TIMI criteria as well as a statistically significant decrease in Hgb and HCT with aspirin monotherapy. Patients with previous CVA/TIA were more likely to receive combination therapy. The average number of vessels grafted per surgery was lower in the off-pump surgery cohort.

关键词： Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery CABG Aspirin Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Therapy

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Androgen receptor deficiency in monocytes/ macrophages does not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis in male mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 276-283页

作者： Katya B Rubinow Barbara Houston Shari Wang Leela Goodspeed Kayoko Ogimoto gregory J Morton Christopher McCarty Robert E Braun Stephanie T Page Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor （AR） is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. Male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages （M-ARKO） were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type （WT） and M-ARKO mice （12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group） were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake （3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for M-ARKO mice） or total energy expenditure （0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for M-ARKO mice） were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in M-ARKO than that in WT mice （1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02）. Finally, M-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.

关键词： androgen receptor knockout mice macrophages male hypogonadism metabolic syndrome

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Effects of Storage Duration and Temperature of Human Plasma and Serum on Red Blood Cell Aggregation and Shape

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2013年第4期3卷 212-216页

作者： Yury A. Sheremet’ev Alexandra n. Popovicheva gregory Ya. Levin Federal State Institution Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ministry of Health of Russia Nizhny Novgorod Russia

Platelet-free plasma of human blood (sodium citrate and EDTA as an anticoagulant) and serum were stored at 4°C, room temperature (25°C) and at 37°C for 24 hours. RBC aggregation decreased after incubation of plasma and serum at 37°C for 4 hours. The RBC shape was changed at the same time: discocytes transformed to echinocytes. Storage of plasma and serum at 4°C and room temperature did not lead to significant alterations of RBC aggregation. The RBC shape did not change in influence of such plasma and serum. The most considerable decrease of RBC aggregation and change of their shapes were observed in the plasma and serum incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Dilution of incubated plasma by fresh plasma led to consistent restoration of erythrocyte shape and their aggregation.

关键词： In Vitro Time Plasma and Serum Storage Temperature RBC Aggregation Cell Shape

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Seasonal Behavior of Aerosol Vertical Concentration in Dakar and Role Played by the Sea-Breeze

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2020年第1期9卷 11-26页

作者： Habib Senghor éric Machu Luis Durán gregory S. Jenkins Amadou Thierno Gaye Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang (LPAO-SF) école Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) Plouzané France InterMET Madrid Spain Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science University Park State College PA USA

The Westward transport of mineral dust from the north Africa continent to Atlantic Ocean can produce poor air quality, low visibilities, and negatively impacting respiratory and cardiac health due to the optical and physical properties of aerosols. The dynamical impact of the sea-breeze on the dust vertical distribution in West Africa remains unknown. To investigate this issue, we have used in-situ measurements from lidar. We have focused on the attenuated backscatter of aerosols to study the effect of the local circulation on the vertical profile of mineral dust at land-sea transition. The results highlight a strong diurnal cycle of mineral dust associated with the nocturnal low-level jet (nLLJ). The jet is located between 500 m and 1000 m and crucially affected by the dynamic of the sea-breeze circulation.

关键词： Aerosols Dust Sea-Breeze Circulation

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LOW EnERGY InELASTIC COLLISIOn PROCESSES:SURFACE REACTIOnS In SPACE

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nuclear Science and Techniques 1990年第Z1期1卷 40-45页

作者： n.H.Tolk R.G.Albridge A.V.barnes M.A.Albert C.n.Sun D.P.Russell J.C.Tully P.nordlander P.M.Savundararaj D.Harper J.Benit Center for Atomic and Molecular Physics at Surfaces Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN. 37235 U.S.A. AT & T Bell Laboratories Murray HillN.J. Rutgers University New Brunswick N.J.

The electonic transition rates in low-energy ion-surface interaction were studied by emplaying tilted-foil and grazing incidence geometries, and the linear and circular polarizations of light emitted were observed, re... 详细信息

关键词： Desorption Electronic transition (DIET) Grazing incidence Tilted-foil nentralization

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Direct cost variance analysis of peroral endoscopic myotomy vs heller myotomy for management of achalasia:A tertiary referral center experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第10期15卷 593-601页

作者： Syedreza Ali Haider gregory S Bills C Prakash Gyawali Passisd Laoveeravat Jordan Miller Samir Softic Mihir S Wagh Moamen Gabr Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63018United States Department of Digestive Disease and nutrition University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40508United States Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St.Louis and Barnes Jewish HospitalSt.LouisMO 63108United States Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40508United States Department of Pediatrics University of Kentucky College of Medicine and Kentucky Children’s HospitalLexingtonKY 40508United States Interventional Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045United States Department of Advanced Endoscopy Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215United States

BACKGROUnD Laparoscopic Heller myotomy(LHM)has been the traditional surgical treatment for achalasia.Recently,peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has demonstrated similar clinical outcomes with shorter procedure times.Studies comparing the direct cost-effectiveness of POEM vs LHM are limited.AIM To compare costs of POEM vs LHM.METHODS Haider SA et al.Comparing costs:POEM vs Heller myotomy WJGE https://*** 594 October 16,2023 Volume 15 Issue 10 This retrospective chart review aimed to compare the outcomes and cost of clinical care between patients who underwent POEM and LHM procedures for achalasia.The study was conducted at a tertiary academic center from January 2019 to December 2020.Clinical outcomes,including post-operative Eckardt scores and adverse events,were assessed and compared between the two groups.Direct cost variance analysis was utilized to evaluate the cost of clinical care incurred by patients undergoing POEM in the year preceding the procedure,during the index admission,and one year post-procedure,in comparison to patients undergoing LHM.RESULTS Of 30 patients were included(15 POEM and 15 LHM)in the study.Patients in the POEM group had a mean Eckardt score of 0.5±0.5 post-procedure,which was no different from patients in the LHM group(0.7±0.6,P=0.17)indicating comparative efficacy.However,the total costs of the admission for the procedure in the LHM group were on average$1827 more expensive than in the POEM group(Pne year prior to index procedure were$7777 higher in the LHM group,but not statistically different(P=0.34).The patients in the LHM group one year after the index procedure had accrued$19730.24 larger total cost,although this was not statistically different from POEM group(P=0.68).COnCLUSIOn Despite similar clinical outcomes,the cost of the index procedure admission for POEM was significantly lower than for LHM.The difference was primarily related to shorter time increments utilized in the operating room during the index procedure,and shorter length of hospital

关键词： Peroral endoscopic myotomy Cost analysis Laparoscopic Heller myotomy Achalasia

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Soil fertilization does not alter plant architectural effects on arthropod communities

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 800-807页

作者： M.noelia Barrios-Garcia Mariano A.Rodriguez-Cabal Jennifer A.Rudgers gregory M.Crutsinger COnICET CENAC-APNFagnano 244BarilocheRio Negro CP.8400Argentina Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA-CONICETUniversidad Nacional del ComahueAv.de los Pioneros 2350BarilocheRio Negro CP.8400Argentina Department of Biology University of New MexicoCastetter Hall 286AlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Department of Zoology University of British Columbia#4200-6270 University Blvd.VancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada

Aims While a growing number of studies have demonstrated the impor-tance of intraspecific differences within plant species on associ-ated arthropod communities,little is known regarding the relative strength of these effects compared to environmental factors.In this study,we examined whether intraspecific plant differences and nutrient fertilization interact to shape the arthropod community of a dominant coastal shrub,Baccharis pilularis(coyote bush).Methods We overlaid a fertilization treatment on a 12-year-old common garden experiment planted with erect and prostrate architectural morphs of Baccharis in california,USA.to collect the associated arthropod community,we vacuum sampled the crown of each Baccharis and identified individuals to species or morphospecies.Important Findings We found that arthropod richness and abundance were 2-to 3-fold greater on prostrate Baccharis than on erect morphs,but observed no main effects of fertilizer addition on the over-all arthropod communities.Predators responded as strongly as herbivores to plant morph,and both were unaffected by nutrient additions.Only the specialist stem galler,Gnorimoschema bac-charisella,showed an interactive response to plant morph and fertilization.nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium addition had opposite effects on the two morphs,increasing stem gall abun-dance by 50%on prostrate morphs,but reducing galling by 20%on erect morphs.the architectural complexity of prostrate morphs could be the driving mechanism of differences in arthropod assemblages.Overall,our results demonstrate that communitylevel consequences of intraspecific differences in plants are strong,rather than being context dependent,and are generally maintained under different resource environments.the growing number of studies showing strong genotype than nutrient effects on associated arthropod communities suggests that this might be a generalized pattern.

关键词： Baccharis pilularis community genetics G×E interactions galling insects nutrient fertilization

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