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Endophytic fungi alter sucking bug responses to cotton reproductive structures

Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1003-1014页

作者： gregory A. Sword Ashley Tessnow Maria Julissa Ek-Ramos Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia Facultad de Ciencias BiolSgicas Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon San Nicolas de los Garza Nuevo Leon Mexico

All plants including cotton host a wide range of microorganisms as endophytes. There is a growing appreciation of the prevalence, ecological significance and management potential of facultative fungal endophytes in protecting plants from pests, pathogens and environmental stressors. Hemipteran sucking bugs have emerged as major pests across the U.S. cotton belt, reducing yields directly by feeding on developing reproductive structures and indirectly by vectoring plant pathogens. We used no-choice and simultaneous choice assays to examine the host selection behavior of western tarnished plant bugs （Lygus hesperus） and southern green stink bugs （nezara viridula） in response to developing flower buds and fruits from cotton plants colonized by 1 of 2 candidate beneficial fungal endophytes, Phialemonium inflatum or Beauveria bassiana. Both insect species exhibited strong negative responses to flower buds （L. hesperus） and fruits （n. viridula） from plants that had been colonized by candidate endophytic fungi relative to control plants under both no-choice and choice conditions. Behavioral responses of both species indicated that the insects were deterred prior to contact with plant tissues from endophyte-colonized plants, suggesting a putative role for volatile compounds in mediating the negative response. Our results highlight the role of fungal endophytes as plant mutualists that can have positive effects on plant resistance to pests.

关键词： behavior endophyte fungi Hemiptera mutualism sucking bug

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Real-time 3D Microtubule Gliding Simulation Accelerated by GPU Computing

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第2期13卷 108-116页

作者： gregory Gutmann Daisuke Inoue Akira Kakugo Akihiko Konagaya Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University

A microtubule gliding assay is a biological experiment observing the dynamics of microtubules driven by motor proteins fixed on a glass surface. When appropriate microtubule interactions are set up on gliding assay experiments, microtubules often organize and create higher-level dynamics such as ring and bundle structures. In order to reproduce such higher-level dynamics on computers, we have been focusing on making a real-time 3D microtubule simulation. This real-time 3D microtubule simulation enables us to gain more knowledge on microtubule dynamics and their swarm movements by means of adjusting simulation paranleters in a real-time fashion. One of the technical challenges when creating a real-time 3D simulation is balancing the 3D rendering and the computing performance. Graphics processor unit （GPU） programming plays an essential role in balancing the millions of tasks, and makes this real-time 3D simulation possible. By the use of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units （GPGPU） programming we are able to run the simulation in a massively parallel fashion, even when dealing with more complex interactions between microtubules such as overriding and snuggling. Due to performance being an important factor, a performance n, odel has also been constructed from the analysis of the microtubule simulation and it is consistent with the performance measurements on different GPGPU architectures with regards to the number of cores and clock cycles.

关键词： Microtubule gliding assay 3D computer graphics and simulation parallel computing performance analysis general- purpose computing on graphics processing units （GPGPU） compute unified device arshitecture （CUDA） DirectX.

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COMPARATIVE TREATMEnT OF ACnE VULGARIS USInG PALOMAR LUX APPLIQU´E TECHnIQUE AnD DIRECT InTRALESIOnAL InJECTIOn

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 279-287页

作者： ELInA A.GEnInA ALEXEY n.BASHKATOV VALERY V.TUCHIn GEORGY V.SIMOnEnKO VERA n.SHERSTnEVA ILYA V.YAROSLAVSKY gregory B.ALTSHULER Department of Optics and Biophotonics Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya str. Saratov 410012Russia Saratov State Medical University 112 B.Kazachya str. Saratov 410012Russia Palomar Medical Technologies Inc. 82 Cambridge St.Burlington 01803MAUSA

Intralesional injection of triamcinolone(TMC)preparations is an effective therapy for cystic acne lesions.However,invasive delivery techniques limit the use of this modality to a relatively narrow class of cases.Skin permeability can be enhanced through creating a lattice of microzones(islets)of light-induced limited thermal damage in the upper layers of epidermis.In this paper,we directly compared safety and efficacy of delivering TMC acetonide with this novel technique versus conventional intralesional injection for treatment of inflammatory acne lesions.A combination of an intense pulsed light system and a specially designed appliqu´e with a pattern of absorbing centers has been used to create the lattice of islets of damage(LID).Quantitative analysis has included estimation of the following parameters:redness,diameter,and height of acne lesions.Clinical photography has been used to document dynamics of lesion development at successive visits(two hours,24 hours and one week post-treatment).Seven subjects have participated in the study.no difference in lesion dynamics between the treatment and control groups was observed at two-hours follow-up.At 24-hours/one-week follow-ups,TMC-injected and TMC-LID-delivered groups have demonstrated 82%/93%and 80%/89%improvement in height of lesions in comparison to control(60%/68%).Delivery of TMC with the newly proposed LID technique is at least as effective as intralesional injection for treating inflammatory acne lesions.Enhancement of skin permeability using LID approach is a promising technique for accelerating delivery of various compounds to their target areas in the skin.

关键词： Acne vulgaris drug delivery skin permeability enhancement.

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Tumor-associated methylation of the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 gene and association between decreased AJAP1 expression and shorter survival in patients with glioma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第4期30卷 247-253页

作者： David Cogdell Woonbok Chung Yuexin Liu J. Matthew McDonald Kenneth Aldape Jean-Pierre J. Issa gregory n. Fuller Wei Zhang Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA Department of Leukemia The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA.

Allelic loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 has been observed frequently in a wide spectrum of cancers,most frequently in oligodendroglioma.In our previous studies,we evaluated 177 oligodendroglial tumor samples and identified the AJAP1 gene(formerly Shrew1) in the consensus region of deletion.AJAP1 is a transmembrane protein found in adheren junctions and functions to inhibit glioma cell adhesion and migration.Whereas a putative tumor suppressor gene,we did not detect AJAP1 gene mutations.In subsequent studies,we found that AJAP1 was underexpressed in oligodendrogliomas relative to normal brain tissues.Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of CpG islands in the promoter of AJAP1.Methylation analysis of the AJAP1 promoter identified hypermethylation in 21% of oligodendrogliomas(n = 27),and the degree of methylation correlated with low levels of AJAP1 expression(P = 0.045).The AJAP1 promoter was also highly methylated in a wide spectrum of cell lines(n = 22),including cell lines of glioblastoma.Analysis of the national Cancer Institute's REMBRAnDT dataset,which contains 343 glioma samples,indicated that low AJAP1 gene expression was associated with decreased survival.Thus,both genetic(gene deletion) and epigenetic alterations(promoter methylation) are likely mechanisms that inactivate the putative tumor suppressor AJAP1 in gliomas,which contributes to poor prognosis.

关键词：甲基化分析脑胶质瘤抑癌基因 P1基因肿瘤患者协会少突胶质细胞

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Stability and transferability assessment of the cotton fiber strength QTL qFS-c7-1 on chromosome A07

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The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 380-386页

作者： David D.Fang Linghe Zeng gregory n.Thyssen Christopher D.Delhom Efrem Bechere Don C.Jones Ping Li Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMS 38776USA Cotton Chemistry&Utilization Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Incorporated CaryNC 27513USA

Previously we identified a major cotton fiber strength QTL(qFS-c7-1)on chromosome A07 using a multiparent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC)population.To assess the stability and transferability of this QTL and its utility in cotton breeding,we made ten new populations.These populations were developed from crosses between MAGIC recombinant inbred lines,or between cotton cultivars that are different from the MAGIC parents.A total of 2801 F_(2) plants were grown and their fiber quality traits were measured.We also selected a subset of F_(3) seeds from two populations,and grew F_(3) progeny plots to further evaluate the stability of this QTL.Our results showed that the peak of qFS-c7-1 is at 70–72 Mb region.This QTL had a major effect on fiber strength explaining 21.9%phenotypic variance.Its effect on other fiber quality attributes such as micronaire,short fiber content,length and uniformity varied between populations,and no effect on fiber elongation was observed.The QTL effects were stable in the populations analyzed,and in different generations of the same population.The SSR and SnP markers near and within the QTL peak reported herein will assist selecting superior fiber quality traits in breeding,with a recommendation that the parental cotton lines should be analyzed using the seven DnA markers within the QTL peak before fully implementing marker assisted selection in a cotton breeding program.

关键词： Cotton Fiber quality Fiber strength MAGIC population qFS-c7-1

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Mimicking Protein Activity in Simple Synthetic Polymers

Mimicking Protein Activity in Simple Synthetic Polymers

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ASTF2023（第五届）抗菌科学与技术论坛

作者： gregory n.Tew Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts

Our primary research aim is to create new materials using a combination of principles,many of which are inspired by biology.In addition,the design of simple molecules that mimic the complex structures and functions of...

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Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： Breanna J.Putman gregory B.Pauly Daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urban nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of Biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their spread.Many comm only invasive species do well in disturbed habitats,such as urban environments,and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbarices could con tribute to their invasiveness.Yet,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturbed habitats.The question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urban-exploiting"phenotype.In Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,brown anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles A.carolinensis,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native species.We predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and by being found farther from a refuge(behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,but were consistently found at distances closer to a refuge.Collectively,invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native species.Relianee on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator boldness escape behavior invasion reptile urban ecology

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Quantizing Euclidean Motions via Double-Coset Decomposition

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 525-540页

作者： Christian Wülker Sipu Ruan gregory S.Chirikjian Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMDUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore

Concepts from mathematical crystallography and group theory are used here to quantize the group of rigid-body motions,resulting in a“motion alphabet”with which robot motion primitives are expressed.From these primitives it is possible to develop a dictionary of physical actions.Equipped with an alphabet of the sort developed here,intelligent actions of robots in the world can be approximated with fnite sequences of characters,thereby forming the foundation of a language in which robot motion is articulated.In particular,we use the discrete handedness-preserving symmetries of macromolecular crystals(known in mathematical crystallography as Sohncke space groups)to form a coarse discretization of the space SE(3)of rigid-body motions.Tis discretization is made fner by subdividing using the concept of double-coset decomposition.More specifcally,a very efcient,equivolumetric quantization of spatial motion can be defned using the group-theoretic concept of a double-coset decomposition of the formΓ\SE(3)/Δ,whereΓis a Sohncke space group andΔis a fnite group of rotational symmetries such as those of the icosahedron.Te resulting discrete alphabet is based on a very uniform sampling of SE(3)and is a tool for describing the continuous trajectories of robots and humans.An efcient coarse-to-fne search algorithm is presented to round of any motion sampled from the continuous group of motions to the nearest element of our alphabet.It is shown that our alphabet and this efcient rounding algorithm can be used as a geometric data structure to accelerate the performance of other sampling schemes designed for desirable dispersion or discrepancy properties.Moreover,the general“signals to symbols”problem in artifcial intelligence is cast in this framework for robots moving continuously in the world.

关键词： robot primitive thereby

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Return to sport following scaphoid fractures:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第2期10卷 101-114页

作者： Joaquim S Goffin Quintin Liao gregory AJ Robertson Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Ninewells Hospital Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Forth Valley Royal Hospital Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

BACKGROUnD Scaphoid fracture is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the athletic patient, accounting for over 85% of all sport-related carpal bone fractures, and is particularly common in sports involving high impact injuries to the wrist. The management of such injuries comprises both conservative and surgical techniques, as guided by fracture location and type. Athletes demonstrate a unique challenge with regards to the management of scaphoid fractures due to their requirement to return to sport, as soon as able.AIM To review systemically all studies recording return to sport following scaphoid fractures, to collate information on return rates to sport(RRS) and mean return times(RTS) to sport and to determine differences in sporting outcome for the various treatment methods.METHODS A systematic search of MEDLInE, EMBASE, CInAHAL, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Scopus was performed in August 2018 using the keywords "scaphoid","fracture", "acute", "carpal", "athletes", "sports", "non-operative","conservative", "operative" and "return to sport". All studies that recorded RRS and RTS following scaphoid fractures were included. RTS was recorded as the length of time from commencement of either primary conservative management or primary surgical procedure to return to sport.RESULTS Eleven studies were included: Two randomised controlled trials, six retrospective cohort studies and three case series. Seven studies reported on conservative management(n = 77), and eight studies reported on surgical management(n =83). For conservative management, RRS was 90%(69/77), and the mean RTS was9.6 wk. Three studies allowed to return to sport in cast [RRS 89%(25/28); RTS 1.9 wk], and four studies required completion of cast treatment prior to returning to sport [RRS 90%(44/49); RTS 13.9 wk]. Four studies recorded fracture union data:Union rate 85%(47/55); mean time to union 14.0 wk. For surgical management,RRS was 98%(81/83), and RTS was 7.3 wk. Three studies repo

关键词： Acute Fracture Scaphoid Carpal Return Sport Rate Time

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Facile synthesis of nanosized sodium magnesium hydride,naMgH3

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 343-350页

作者： Hazel Reardon natalia Mazur Duncan H.gregory WestCHEM School of ChemistryJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQ ScotlandUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway

The ternary magnesium hydride naMgH 3 has been synthesised via reactive milling techniques.The method employed neither a reactive H2 atmosphere nor high pressure sintering or other post-treatment processes.The formation of the ternary hydride was studied as a function of milling time and ball:powder ratio.High purity naMgH 3 powder(orthorhombic space group Pnma,a 5.437(2),b 7.705(5),c 5.477(2) ;Z 4) was prepared in 5 h at high ball:powder ratios and characterised by powder X-ray diffraction(PXD),Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDX).The products formed sub-micron scale(typically 200-400 nm in size) crystallites that were approximately isotropic in shape.The dehydrogenation behaviour of the ternary hydride was investigated by temperature programmed desorption(TPD).The nanostructured hydride releases hydrogen in two steps with an onset temperature for the first step of 513 K.

关键词： Hydride Mechanochemistry Structure Hydrogen storage Raman

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