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An Overview of MODIS Radiometric Calibration and Characterization

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 69-79页

作者： Xiaoxiong XIOnG William barnes Earth Sciences Directorate NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） is one of the key instruments for nASA＇s Earth Observing System （EOS）, currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MODIS is a major advance over the previous generation of sensors in terms of its spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. It has 36 spectral bands： 20 reflective solar bands （RSB） with center wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.1 μm and 16 thermal emissive bands （TEB） with center wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm, making observations at three spatial resolutions： 250 m （bands 1-2）, 500 m （bands 3-7）, and lkm （bands 8-36）. MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer with a wide field-of-view, providing a complete global coverage of the Earth in less than 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua MODIS went through extensive pre-launch calibration and characterization at various levels. In orbit, the calibration and characterization tasks are performed using its on-board calibrators （OBCs） that include a solar diffuser （SD） and a solar diffuser stability monitor （SDSM）, a v-grooved flat panel blackbody （BB）, and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly （SRCA）. In this paper, we present an overview of MODIS calibration and characterization activities, methodologies, and lessons learned from pre-launch characterization and in-orbit operation. Key issues discussed in this paper include in-orbit efforts of monitoring the noise characteristics of the detectors, tracking the solar diffuser and optics degradations, and updating the sensor＇s response versus scan angle. The experiences and lessons learned through MODIS have played and will continue to play major roles in the design and characterization of future sensors.

关键词： EOS remote sensing Terra Aqua MODIS sensor calibration radiometry

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Oncogene interactions are required for glioma development and progression as revealed by a tissue specific transgenic mouse model

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第3期30卷 163-172页

作者： Lynette M. Moore Kristen M. Holmes gregory n. Fuller Department of Pathology the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

The aggressive and invasive nature of brain tumors has hampered progress in the design and implementation of efficacious therapies. The recent success of targeted therapies in other tumor types makes this an attractive area for research yet complicating matters is the ability of brain tumors to circumvent the targeted pathways to develop drug resistance. Effective therapies will likely need to target more than one signaling pathway or target multiple nodes within a given pathway. Key to identifying these targets is the elucidation of the driver and passenger molecules within these pathways. Animal models provide a useful tool with many advantages in the study of these pathways. These models provide a means to dissect the critical components of tumorigenesis, as well as serve as agents for preclinical testing. This review focuses on the use of the RCAS/tv-a mouse model of brain tumors and describes their unique ability to provide insight into the role of oncogene cooperation in tumor development and progression.

关键词：转基因小鼠模型癌基因组织特异性神经胶质瘤相互作用靶向治疗脑肿瘤信号通路

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Engel Subalgebras of n-Lie Algebras

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第1期24卷 159-166页

作者： Donald W.barnes 1 Little Wonga Rd

Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional n-Lie algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that an n-Lie algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive 2-soluble n-Lie algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal, and all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.

关键词： n-Lie algebras soluble nilpotent Engel subalgebras

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A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon

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neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1052-1059页

作者： Antonio Merolli Yong Mao gregory Voronin Joseph A.M.Steele n.Sanjeeva Murthy Joachim Kohn new Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey In Vivo Research Services Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey

Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however,that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells,we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling.In our "suspended wire model", the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses(hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor's consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.

关键词： Schwann cell carbon fiber myelination electrical impulse artificial axon in vitro system Arduino microcontroller myelin basic protein

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Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William C. FOSTER Connor M. ARMSTROnG gregory T. CHISM Jonathan n. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality, can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which individual differences in anti-predator response (or boldness) influence survival rates in groups of snails when they encounter a predatory sea star . The snail shows consistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occupied by predators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher experimental densities experienced higher per capita survival rates. Positive effects of prey boldness on survival are not uncommonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can impact predator-prey interactions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type personality predation risk survival selection temperament

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neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2022年第10期13卷 822-834页

作者： Menelaos Papakonstantinou Stylianos Fiflis gregory Christodoulidis Mariano Cesare Giglio Eleni Louri Savvas Mavromatidis Dimitrios Giakoustidis Vasileios n Papadopoulos Alexandros Giakoustidis Department of Surgery General Hospital PapageorgiouAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 56429Greece Department of General Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico II University of NaplesNaples 80138Italy

BACKGROUnD The inflammatory response to tumor has been proven to be closely related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer.neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(nLR)is a widely available inflammatory biomarker that may have prognostic value for patients with colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).AIM To assess the role of nLR as a prognostic factor of survival and tumor recurrence in patients with CRLM.METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed,Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov was conducted by two independent researchers in order to minimize potential errors and bias.Conflicts were discussed and settled between three researchers.Studies including patients undergoing different types of medical interventions for the treatment of CRLM and evaluating the correlation between pretreatment nLR and disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were included in the review.nineteen studies,involving 3283 patients matched our inclusion criteria.RESULTS In the studies included,nLR was measured before the intervention and the nLR thresholds ranged between 1.9 and 7.26.Most studies used 5 as the cut-off value.Liver metastases were treated with hepatectomy with or without chemotherapy regimens in 13 studies and with radiofrequency ablation,radioembolization,chemoembolization or solely with chemotherapy in 6 studies.High nLR was associated with decreased OS and DFS after liver resection or other medical intervention.Moreover,high nLR was associated with poor chemosensitivity.On the contrary,CRLM patients with low pretreatment nLR demonstrated improved OS and DFS.nLR could potentially be used as a predictive factor of survival and tumor recurrence in patients with CRLM treated with interventions of any modality,including surgery,chemotherapy and ablative techniques.COnCLUSIOn nLR is an inflammatory biomarker that demonstrates considerable prognostic value.Elevated pretreatment nLR is associated with poor OS and DFS in patients with CRLM who are submitted to different treatments.

关键词： neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Colorectal liver metastasis Prognosis Survival

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Physical and chemical characterization of sediments from an Andean river exposed to mining and agricultural activities: The Moquegua River, Peru

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第6期37卷 780-793页

作者： Luis de Los Santos Valladares Juan Luis Ccamapaza Renato Arturo Valencia-Bedregal Luis Enrique Borja-Castro Jose Velazquez-Garcia Dehiwalage Harshani nimalika Perera Adrian Ionescu David Arvidsson Eustace Peregrine barnes Peter newton Hugo Lepage Patrick Byrne Angel Guillermo Bustamante Dominguez Crispin H.W.barnes Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of Cambridge Escuela Acad emico Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Moquegua Provincia de Mariscal Nieto Laboratorio de Cer amicos y nanomateriales Facultad de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos School of Biological and Environmental Science Liverpool John Moores University

This study presents an analysis of sediments in an Andean river impacted by both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. Fifty samples were collected from selected sites throughout the Moquegua River drainage basin, and Tambo River headwaters at Pasto Grande, in Peru, and analysed with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and O, common constituents of soils, were dominant, along with K, n, and P. The latter originating as primary macronutrients or chemical residuals from fertilizers used in agriculture. Higher concentrations of macronutrients and organic components were found in agricultural and urban areas, respectively. Arsenic minerals were also detected, which occur naturally, but possibly at levels augmented by anthropogenic activity. The application of cluster analysis revealed clustering between arsenic, arsenolite, and potassium but no significant geospatial correlation between sample sites in the drainage basin.

关键词： Andean river Moquegua river Sediments Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy TG-DTG/DTA Clustering analysis

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Investigating the Effects of Para-methoxy Substitution in Sterically Enhanced Unsymmetrical Bis(arylimino)pyridine-cobalt Ethylene Polymerization Catalysts

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第3期40卷 266-279,I0007页

作者： Yi Yan Shi-Fang Yuan Ming Liu gregory A.Solan Yan-Ping Ma Tong-Ling Liang Wen-Hua Sun Institute of Applied Chemistry Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing national Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Chemistry University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicester LE17RHUK State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

A group of five bis(arylimino)pyridine-cobalt(Ⅱ)chloride complexes,[2-{(2,6-(Ph_(2)CH)_(2)-4-MeOC_(6)H_(2))n=CMe}-6-(Arn=CMe)C_5 H_(3)n]CoCl_(2)(Ar=2,6-Me_(2)C_(6)H_(3)Co1,2,6-Et_(2)C_(6)H_(3)Co2,2,6-iPr_(2)C_(6)H_(3)Co3,2,4,6-Me_(3)C_(6)H_(2)Co4,2,6-Et_(2)-4-MeC_(6)H_(2)Co5),each containing one n-4-methoxy-2,6-dibenzhydrylphenyl group and one smaller sterically/electronically variable n-aryl group,have been synthesized in good yield(>71%)from the corresponding neutral terdentate nitrogen-donor precursor,L1-L5.All complexes have been characterized by^(1)H-nMR and FTIR spectroscopy with the former highlighting the paramagnetic nature of these cobaltous species and the unsymmetrical nature of the chelating ligand.The molecular structures of Co3 and Co4 emphasize the steric differences of the two inequivalent n-aryl groups and the distorted square pyramidal geometry about the metal centers.In the presence of MAO or MMAO,Co1-Co5 collectively displayed high activities for ethylene polymerization producing high molecular weight polyethylenes that,in general,exhibited narrow dispersities(M_w/M_n values:2.12-4.07).notably,the least sterically hindered Co1 when activated with MAO was the most productive(6.92×10^(6)g_(PE)·mol^(-1)_((Co))·h^(-1))at an operating temperature of60℃.Conversely,the most sterically hindered Co3/MMAO produced the highest molecular weight polyethylene(M_w=6.29×10^(5)g·mol^(-1)).All the polymers displayed high linearity as demonstrated by their melting temperatures(>130℃)and their~1 H-and^(13)C-nMR spectra.By comparison of Co1 with its para-methyl,-chloro and-nitro counterparts,the presence of the para-methoxy substituent showed the most noticeable effect of enhancing the thermal stability of the catalyst.

关键词： Cobalt(II)precatalyst Ethylene polymerization High molecular weight polyethylene Electronic effects Thermal stability

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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST national Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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RP215 and GHR106 Monoclonal Antibodies and Potential Therapeutic Applications

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Open Journal of Immunology 2023年第3期13卷 61-85页

作者： gregory Lee Center for Reproductive Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

During the last two decades, two distinct monoclonal antibodies, RP215 and GHR106 were generated, respectively and extensively characterized, biologically and immunologically. Both antibodies target separately specific pan cancer markers and are being evaluated preclinically for potential therapeutic applications in cancer immunotherapy and/or fertility regulations. RP215 was shown to react specifically with carbohydrate-associated epitope located in the heavy chain variable regions of cancer cell expressed specific immunoglobulins, designated as CA215 which are distinct from those of normal B cell origins. The cancerous immunoglobulins may function to react with specific human serum proteins to facilitate growth/proliferation as well as protection of cancer cells in circulations. RP215-based enzyme immunoassays were designed to monitor serum CA215 levels among cancer patients. On the other hand, GHR106 was generated against n1-29 oligopeptide located in the extracellular domains of human GnRH receptor found either in the anterior pituitary or in most of the cancer cells. In vitro culture of cancer cells revealed that either of these two antibodies can induce apoptosis of cancer cells following 24 - 48 hours incubations. Anti-tumor activities of both antibodies were evaluated by typical nude mouse experiments. Either one was shown to effectively reduce the volumes of implanted tumors, dose-dependently. Humanized forms of either antibody were made available in CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)-T cell constructs. They were shown separately to induce cytotoxic killings of cancer cells in vitro by releasing cytokines upon incubations of tumor cells with either of CAR-T cell constructs. In addition, GHR106 also acts as GnRH antagonist by a specific targeting to pituitary GnRH receptor for reversible suppressions of reproductive hormones such as LH, testosterone or estradiol. Based on the above preclinical assessments, it can be generally concluded that both RP215 and GHR106 are restricted in normal tissue expressions an

关键词： RP215 GHR106 Cancer Immunotherapy Fertility Regulation CAR-T Cell Constructs CA215

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