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Notes,outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第6期99卷 105-367页

作者： mao-Qiang He Rui-Lin Zhao Kevin D.Hyde Dominik Begerow martin Kemler Andrey Yurkov Eric H.C.mcKenzie Olivier Raspe makoto Kakishima Santiago Sanchez-Ramırez Else C.Vellinga Roy Halling Viktor Papp Ivan V.Zmitrovich Bart Buyck Damien Ertz Nalin N.Wijayawardene Bao-Kai Cui Nathan Schoutteten Xin-Zhan Liu Tai-Hui Li Yi-Jian Yao Xin-Yu Zhu An-Qi Liu Guo-Jie Li ming-Zhe Zhang Zhi-Lin Ling Bin Cao Vladimir Antonin Teun Boekhout Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva Eske De Crop Cony Decock Balint Dima Arun Kumar Dutta Jack W.Fell Jozsef Geml masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Admir J.Giachini Tatiana B.Gibertoni Sergio P.Gorjon Danny Haelewaters Shuang-Hui He Brendan P.Hodkinson Egon Horak Tamotsu Hoshino Alfredo Justo Young Woon Lim Nelson menolli Jr Armin mesic Jean-marc moncalvo gregory m.mueller La szlo G.Nagy RHenrik Nilsson machiel Noordeloos Jorinde Nuytinck Takamichi Orihara Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan mario Rajchenberg Alexandre G.S.Silva-Filho marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher Zdenko Tkalcec Ricardo Valenzuela Annemieke Verbeken Alfredo Vizzini Felipe Wartchow Tie-Zheng Wei michael WeiB Chang-Lin Zhao Paul m.Kirk State Key Laboratory of mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408People’s Republic of China Ruhr-Universitat Bochum AG GeobotanikND03UniversitatsstraBe 15044801 BochumGermany Leibniz Institute DSmZ-German Collection of microorganisms and Cell Cultures InhoffenstraBe 7B38124 BrunswickGermany manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service General de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche scientifique Federation Wallonie-BruxellesLavallee 11080 BrusselsBelgium University of Tsukuba TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Berkeley USA Institute of Systematic Botany The New York Botanical GardenBronxNY 10458-5126USA Department of Botany Szent Istvan University1518 BudapestHungary Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesProfessor Popov st.2Saint PetersburgRussia 197376 Institut pour Systematique Ecologie Biodiversite(ISYEB UmR 7205) Sorbonne universiteMuseum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 39CNRSDepartement Origines et Evolution12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Institute of microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Research Group MycologyGhent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of Applied microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou 510070People’s Republic of China Department of Botany Moravian Mu

The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the *** present work provides an overview of all validly published,currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single *** outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided,which includes 1928 currently used genera names,with 1263 synonyms,which are distributed in 241 families,68 orders,18 classes and four *** provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification,number of accepted species,type species,life mode,habitat,distribution,and sequence ***,three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU,SSU,5.8s,rpb1,rpb2,and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted,*** time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders,168 families and 605 *** study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406-430 mya,classes are 211-383 mya,and orders are 99-323 mya,which are largely consistent with previous *** this study,all phylogenetically supported families were dated,with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27-178 mya,Pucciniomycotina from 85-222 mya,and Ustilaginomycotina from 79-177 *** times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system,and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.

关键词： Classification molecular clock Fungi Systematics Taxonomy

Assessing risks from mining-induced ground movements near gas wells

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 11-16页

作者： Christopher mark gregory m.Rumbaugh mine Safety and Health Administration PittsburghPAUSA

The proliferation of unconventional gas well development in the Northern Appalachian coalfields has raised a number of mine safety *** wells,which extract gas from deep shale formations,are characterized by gas volumes and pressures that are significantly higher than those observed at many conventional *** gas is composed largely of methane as well as other *** of planned and actively producing wells penetrate protective coal pillars or barriers within active mine boundaries,including chain pillars located between longwall *** released from a well damaged by mining-induced ground movements could pose a risk to miners by flowing into the mine *** mining-induced ground movements that may cause well damage include conventional subsidence,non-conventional subsidence(*** plane slip),pillar failure,and floor *** paper describes the known risk factors for each of the four failure *** includes a framework that can guide the risk assessment process when mining takes place near gas or oil wells.

关键词： Gas well Subsidence Coal protection pillar Risk matrix Longwall mining

Near equilibrium dynamics and one-dimensional spatial–temporal structures of polar active liquid crystals

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 75-100页

作者：杨小刚 m.gregory Forest 王奇 School of mathematical Sciences Nankai University Department of mathematics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of mathematics Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute and NanoCenter at USC University of South Carolina Beijing Computational Science Research Center

We systematically explore near equilibrium, flow-driven, and flow-activity coupled dynamics of polar active liquid crystals using a continuum model. Firstly, we re-derive the hydrodynamic model to ensure the thermodynamic laws are obeyed and elastic stresses and forces are consistently accounted. We then carry out a linear stability analysis about constant steady states to study near equilibrium dynamics around the steady states, revealing long-wave instability inherent in this model system and how active parameters in the model affect the instability. We then study model predictions for one- dimensional （1D） spatial-temporal structures of active liquid crystals in a channel subject to physical boundary conditions. We discuss the model prediction in two selected regimes, one is the viscous stress dominated regime, also known as the flow-driven regime, while the other is the full regime, in which all active mechanisms are included. In the viscous stress dominated regime, the polarity vector is driven by the prescribed flow field. Dynamics depend sensitively on the physical boundary condition and the type of the driven flow field. Bulk-dominated temporal periodic states and spatially homogeneous states are possible under weak anchoring conditions while spatially inhomogeneous states exist under strong anchoring conditions. In the full model, flow-orientation interaction generates a host of planar as well as out-of-plane spatial-temporal structures related to the spontaneous flows due to the molecular self-propelled motion. These results provide contact with the recent literature on active nematic suspensions. In addition, symmetry breaking pattems emerge as the additional active viscous stress due to the polarity vector is included in the force balance. The inertia effect is found to limit the long-time survival of spatial structures to those with small wave numbers, i.e., an asymptotic coarsening to long wave structures. A rich set of mechanisms for generating and li

关键词： active liquid crystals active particles spatial-temporal structures spontaneous flows

The enduring link between forest cover and rainfall： a historical perspective on science and policy discussions

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 53-61页

作者： Brett m. Bennett gregory A. Barton School of Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Historical Studies Faculty of HumanitiesUniversity of JohannesburgC-Ring 2-Orange Block(Kingsway Campus)Corner Kingsway and University RoadAuckland ParkSouth Africa

Background： This article traces the history of scientific ideas connecting forest cover with rainfall to inform ongoing debates about whether forests are net users or producers of water in the hydrological cycle. Scholars of the supply-side school argue that forests are net producers and magnifiers that increase rainfall at regional scales. Supply-side scholars seek to challenge the dominance of demand-side thinking. The demand-side school emphasizes that trees are net users of water within a catchment that decrease overall water available for other users. This scientific debate has significant implications for the development of policies to manage forests and water. Results： Scientists have debated the question of whether forests improve or worsen water balance for over two hundred years. Connections between forests and rainfall gained prominence in scientific circles during the second half of the nineteenth century and again during the past three decades. The popularity of forest- rainfall connections has paralleled societal and scientific interest in anthropogenic climate change and deforestation. Theories connecting forests with rainfall peaked in popularity in the 1850s to 1880s, a period when scientists expressed alarm that deforestation caused regional declines in precipitation. Forests were understood to create rain within a locality and region. Scientific consensus shifted by the early twentieth century to the view that forests did not play a significant role in determining rainfall. The forest-rainfall connection reemerged in the 1980s alongside advances in climate modelling and growing fears of anthropogenic global warming and tropical deforestation. Using new data and theories, supply-side advocates have once again placed a strong forest-rainfall connection into scientific prominence. Conclusion： Supply-side management policies have a checkered history that should elicit caution, while demand-side policies, which are based on almost a century of hydrolog

关键词： Climate change Environmental history Forests Hydrology Rain Water

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三官能团交联剂对蚕丝丝胶的固着

纺织学报 2000年第5期21卷 15-18页

作者：刘今强邵建中 Anita K rasowsikl Bettina m.mueller Josef Foehles Hartwing Hoecker 浙江工程学院德国亚琛工业大学

采用三聚氯氰和三聚缩水甘油基异氰酸进行蚕丝丝胶的固着试验 ,以马赛皂脱胶率和硫氰酸锂溶液中溶解度为指标对固着效果进行评价。对试样的白度、光泽、弯屈刚度和拉伸性能等进行测试比较 ,讨论了它们与丝胶固着量之间的关系。借助氨基... 详细信息

采用三聚氯氰和三聚缩水甘油基异氰酸进行蚕丝丝胶的固着试验 ,以马赛皂脱胶率和硫氰酸锂溶液中溶解度为指标对固着效果进行评价。对试样的白度、光泽、弯屈刚度和拉伸性能等进行测试比较 ,讨论了它们与丝胶固着量之间的关系。借助氨基酸分析技术 ,为探明交联机理提供相关信息。

关键词：三官能团交联剂蚕丝丝胶固着工艺木瓜酶

The evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 149-156页

作者： Kara PRZECZEK Carla mueller Steven m.VAmOSI Department of Biological Sciences University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

Although the use of distinct colors to indicate unprofitability to predators(***)is commonly thought of as an adaptation,our knowledge of its macroevolutionary effects is *** aposematism is expected to decrease attacks by predators,we hypothesized that aposematic lineages should be larger on average than their non-aposematic sister groups because of the decreased probability of extinction and/or increased probability of speciation(*** diversification).The results of our sister-group analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification of lineages,with the aposematic focal group having more species in 11 of 14 pairs of sister *** the apparent advantages of reduced predation risk on diversification rates,the evolution of aposematism is relatively rare and reversions to a cryptic state are not *** addition to the difficulties in evolving a trait that initially decreases the survivorship of prey among naïve predators,we discuss other factors that may limit the apparent prevalence and success of *** is hoped that the results of our analysis will encourage further analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among aposematic groups and their relatives,and of the evolutionary time scales over which the benefits of aposematism are the greatest to lineages with this condition.

关键词： aposematism diversification predation sister-group comparisons speciation.

Spherical Parameterization of marching Cubes IsoSurfaces Based upon Nearest Neighbor Coordinates

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 30-38页

作者： gregory m.Nielson 张丽艳李建黄辉扬 Arizona State University TempeAZU.S.A. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Handong Global University National Central University

We present some new methods for parameterizing the triangle mesh surface （TmS） which result from the marching Cubes （mC） algorithm. The methods apply to surfaces of genus zero and the parameter domain is a unit sphere. We take advantage of some special properties of the TmS resulting from the mC algorithm to obtain simple, computational efficient representations of the nearest neighbor coordinates and utilize these coordinates in the characterization of the parameterization by means of systems of equations which are solved iteratively. Examples and comparisons are presented.

关键词： isosurface marching cubes mapping parameterization spherical triangle mesh surface

Altered physiology of gastrointestinal vagal afferents following neurotrauma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 254-263页

作者： Emily N.Blanke gregory m.Holmes Emily m.Besecker Department of Health Sciences Gettysburg CollegeGettysburgPAUSA Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA

The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model *** particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability for neural components to be modified for regain of *** both types of neurotrauma,traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury,the primary parasympathetic control to the gastrointestinal tract,the vagus nerve,remains anatomically ***,individuals with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal *** gastrointestinal dysfunctions attribute to higher morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord *** the vagal efferent output remains capable of eliciting motor responses following injury,evidence suggests impairment of the vagal *** sensory input drives motor output,this review will discuss the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal vagal afferents to better understand the contributions of vagal afferent plasticity following neurotrauma.

关键词： gastrointestinal functions microbiome neurotrauma nodose ganglia sensory neuropathy spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury vagal afferents visceral reflexes

Investigating neurogenic bowel in experimental spinal cord injury: where to begin?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 222-226页

作者： Amanda R.White gregory m.Holmes Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of Medicine

The devastating losses following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) encompass the motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bowel is a slow transit colonic dysfunction marked by constipation, rectal evacuation difficulties, decreased anorectal sensation, fecal incontinence or some combination thereof. Furthermore, neurogenic bowel is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of SCI and is recognized by afflicted individuals and caregivers as a lifelong physical and psychological challenge that profoundly affects quality of life. The restoration of post-injury control of movement has received considerable scientific scrutiny yet the daily necessity of voiding the bowel and bladder remains critically under-investigated. Subsequently, physicians and caregivers are rarely presented with consistent, evidence-based strategies to successfully address the consequences of dysregulated voiding reflexes. Neurogenic bowel is commonly believed to result from the interruption of the supraspinal control of the spinal autonomic circuits regulating the colon. In this mini-review, we discuss the clinical challenges presented by neurogenic bowel and emerging pre-clinical evidence that is revealing that SCI also initiates functional remodeling of the colonic wall concurrent with a decrease in local enteric neurons. Since the enteric input to the colonic smooth muscle is the final common pathway for functional contractions of the colon, changes to the neuromuscular interface must first be understood in order to maximize the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting colonic dysfunction following SCI.

关键词： colon enteric nervous system parasympathetic sympathetic autonomic nervous system defecationreflexes gastrointestinal inflammation constipation incontinence