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Catabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acids Supports Respiration but Not Volatile Synthesis in Tomato Fruits

Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 366-375页

作者： Andrej Kochevenko Wagner l. Araujo gregory S. Maloney Denise M. Tieman Phuc Thi Do Mark G. Taylor Harry J. Klee Alisdair R. Fernie Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vicosa 36570-000 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil Horticultural Sciences Department and the Plant Molecular ＆ Cellular Biology Program University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

The branched-chain amino acid transaminases （BCATs） have a crucial role in metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These enzymes catalyze the last step of synthesis and the initial step of degradation of these amino acids. Although the biosynthetic pathways of branched chain amino acids in plants have been extensively investigated and a number of genes have been characterized, their catabolism in plants is not yet completely understood. We previously characterized the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene family in tomato, revealing both the subcellular localization and kinetic properties of the enzymes encoded by six genes. Here, we examined possible functions of the enzymes during fruit development. We further characterized transgenic plants differing in the expression of branched chain amino acid transaminases I and 3, evaluating the rates of respiration in fruits deficient in BCAT1 and the levels of volatiles in lines overexpressing either BCAT1 or BCAT3. We quantitatively tested, via precursor and isotope feeding experiments, the importance of the branched chain amino acids and their corresponding keto acids in the formation of fruit volatiles. Our results not only demonstrate for the first time the importance of branched chain amino acids in fruit respiration, but also reveal that keto acids, rather than amino acids, are the likely precursors for the branched chain flavor volatiles.

关键词： alternative electron transport metabolic regulation molecular physiology nitrogen metabolism volatiles tomato.

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Formal Safety Assessment of a Marine Seismic Survey Vessel Operation,Incorporating Risk Matrix and Fault Tree Analysis

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2020年第2期19卷 155-172页

作者： gregory Asuelimen Eduardo Blanco-Davis Jin Wang Zaili Yang Dante Benjamin Matellini Department of Maritime and Mechanical Engineering LOOM Research InstituteLiverpool John Moores UniversityJames Parsons BuildingByrom StreetLiverpool L33AFUK

In maritime safety research,risk is assessed usually within the framework of formal safety assessment(FSA),which provides a formal and systematic methodology to improve the safety of lives,assets,and the environment.A bespoke application of FSA to mitigate accidents in marine seismic surveying is put forward in this paper,with the aim of improving the safety of seismic vessel operations,within the context of developing an economically viable *** work herein takes a close look at the hazards in North Sea offshore seismic surveying,in order to identify critical risk factors,leading to marine seismic survey *** risk factors leading to undesirable events are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.A risk matrix is introduced to screen the identified undesirable *** to the screening,Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)is presented to investigate and analyse the most critical risks of seismic survey operation,taking into account the lack of historical *** obtained results show that man overboard(MOB)event is a major risk factor in marine seismic survey operation;lack of training on safe work practice,slippery deck as a result of rain,snow or water splash,sea state affecting human judgement,and poor communication are identified as the critical risk contributors to the MOB ***,the risk control options are focused on the critical risk contributors for ***,suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA methodology are highlighted for safer marine and offshore operations in general.

关键词： Seismic vessel Formal safety assessment Maritime safety Hazard identification Risk assessment Risk control option Cost-benefit assessment

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Superior Conjugative Plasmids Delivered by Bacteria to Diverse Fungi

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 151-165页

作者： Ryan R.Cochrane Arina Shrestha Mariana M.Severo de Almeida Michelle Agyare-Tabbi Stephanie l.Brumwell Samir Hamadache Jordyn S.Meaney Daniel P.Nucifora Henry Heng Say Jehoshua Sharma Maximillian P.M.Soltysiak Cheryl Tong Katherine Van Belois Emma J.l.Walker Marc-Andrélachance gregory B.Gloor David R.Edgell Rebecca S.Shapiro Bogumil J.Karas Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada N6A 5C1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of GuelphGuelphONCanada N1G 2W1 Department of Biology The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada N6A 5B7

Fungi are nature’s recyclers,allowing for ecological nutrient cycling and,in turn,the continuation of life on *** fungi inhabit the human microbiome where they can provide health benefits,while others are opportunistic pathogens that can cause ***,members of the fungal kingdom,have been domesticated by humans for the production of beer,bread,and,recently,medicine and ***,the great untapped potential exists within the diverse fungal ***,many yeasts are intractable,preventing their use in biotechnology or in the development of novel treatments for pathogenic ***,as a first step for the domestication of new fungi,an efficient DNA delivery method needs to be ***,we report the creation of superior conjugative plasmids and demonstrate their transfer via conjugation from bacteria to 7 diverse yeast species including the emerging pathogen Candida *** create our superior plasmids,derivatives of the 57 kb conjugative plasmid pTA-Mob 2.0 were built using designed gene deletions and insertions,as well as some unintentional ***,a cluster mutation in the promoter of the conjugative gene traJ had the most significant effect on improving conjugation to *** addition,we created Golden Gate assembly-compatible plasmid derivatives that allow for the generation of custom plasmids to enable the rapid insertion of designer genetic ***,we demonstrated that designer conjugative plasmids harboring engineered restriction endonucleases can be used as a novel antifungal agent,with important applications for the development of next-generation antifungal therapeutics.

关键词： insertion continuation harbor

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Single Dose Inamrinone in Terminal Warm Cardioplegia in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Patients

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2012年第1期2卷 5-9页

作者： Aarne Jyrala Nicole M. Gatto gregory l. Kay School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles USA. The Heart institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Los Angeles USA

Background: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDI) are used in cardiac surgery to improve and stabilize cardiac function after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in hemodynamics and early outcomes when PDI (Inocor/inamrinone) is given in terminal warm blood cardioplegia to on-pump CABG only patients and compare results with patients who did not receive the drug. Material and methods: From April 2003 through September 2004 241 pts underwent elective on-pump CABG only surgery. 141 pts received Inocor in the terminal warm blood cardioplegia (Group 1) and 100 pts did not (Group 2). Results: Demographic data, preoperative EuroSCORE risk scores and operative details were similar. Of pts preoperatively in sinus rhythm (SR) 80.15% in Group 1 and 69.79% in Group 2 regained spontaneous SR (p = 0.07) after release of crossclamp. Inotropic support was needed in 5 pts in Group 1 and in 12 pts in Group 2, p = 0.02. Post cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB) IABP support was needed for 4 pts in Group 2 and none for Group 1 pts, p = 0.01. There was no operative mortality in either Group and hospital/30 day mortality was similar (3/2.13% vs 3/3.00%, p = 0.69). There were no statistical difference in stay in postoperative intensive care unit (p = 0.15), total hospital stay (p = 0.07), appearance of postoperative atrial fibrillation (p = 0.23) or appearance of postoperative kidney injury (p = 0.27). Post CPB cardiac index improved 16.90% in Group1but decreased 1.49% in Group 2, p l pressure decreased 7.46%in Group 1 pts and 5.08% in Group 2 pts, p = 0.002, but no pts in either Group needed medication for too low blood pressure. Systemic vascular resistance decreased 28.40% in Group 1 and 9.02% in Group 2, p lusions: Inamrinone in terminal warm blood cardioplegia (hot shot) is safe and effective way to improve and stabilize cardiac function after on-pump CABG surgery but does not affect short-term outcomes.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Postoperative Cardiac Function

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无镝的稀土永磁电机

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微电机 2012年第1期45卷 85-87页

作者： gregory K. Kroll David J. Miller David N. brown Nimit K Sheth

稀土价格的持续上涨,特别是镝等重稀土元素的价格猛增,对稀土永磁材料及电机等下游产业的成本有很大的影响。使用低镝或无镝的钕铁硼材料可以降低成本,但对于在需要高的环境温度下使用的电机来说,就需要增加烧结钕铁硼磁体的厚度和软铁... 详细信息

稀土价格的持续上涨,特别是镝等重稀土元素的价格猛增,对稀土永磁材料及电机等下游产业的成本有很大的影响。使用低镝或无镝的钕铁硼材料可以降低成本,但对于在需要高的环境温度下使用的电机来说,就需要增加烧结钕铁硼磁体的厚度和软铁回路材料的尺寸,来避免由于不可逆磁通损失造成的电机失速等问题。本文通过具体的电机设计案例对比,指出不含镝的各项同性粘结钕铁硼磁体同无镝烧结钕铁硼相比具有更加优异的温度特性,能更好地满足高使用温度电机的要求,并且同低镝或无镝烧结钕铁硼磁体相比,能够显著降低永磁电机的成本。

关键词：粘结钕铁硼磁体镝永磁电机不可逆磁通损失负载线

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A spatially distributed,deterministic approach to modeling Typha domingensis(cattail)in an Everglades wetland

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 12-32页

作者： Gareth lagerwall gregory Kiker Rafael Muñoz-Carpena Matteo Convertino Andrew James Naiming Wang Frazier Rogers Hall University of FloridaPO Box 110570GainesvilleFL 32611-0570USA Soil and Water Engineering Technology Inc.3960 Magnolia Leaf LSuwaneeGA 30024USA Hydrologic and Environmental Systems Modeling South Florida Water Management District3301 Gun Club RdWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA.

Introduction:The emergent wetland species Typha domingensis(cattail)is a native Florida Everglades monocotyledonous *** has become invasive due to anthropogenic disturbances and is out-competing other vegetation in the region,especially in areas historically dominated by Cladium jamaicense(sawgrass).There is a need for a quantitative,deterministic model in order to accurately simulate the regional-scale cattail dynamics in the ***:The Regional Simulation Model(RSM),combined with the Transport and Reaction Simulation Engine(TARSE),was adapted to simulate *** provides a framework for user-defineable equations and relationships and enables multiple theories with different levels of complexity to be tested *** models,or levels,of increasing complexity were used to simulate cattail dynamics across Water Conservation Area 2A(WCA2A),which is located just south of lake Okeechobee,in Florida,*** levels of complexity were formulated to correspond with five hypotheses regarding the growth and spread of *** first level of complexity assumed a logistic growth pattern to test whether cattail growth is density *** second level of complexity built on the first and included a Habitat Suitability Index(HSI)factor influenced by water depth to test whether this might be an important factor for cattail *** third level of complexity built on the second and included an HSI factor influenced by soil phosphorus concentration to test whether this is a contributing factor for cattail *** fourth level of complexity built on the third and included an HSI factor influenced by(a level 1–simulated)sawgrass density to determine whether sawgrass density impacted the rate of cattail *** fifth level of complexity built on the fourth and included a feedback mechanism whereby the cattail densities influenced the sawgrass densities to determine the impact of inter-species interactions on the cattail dy

关键词： Typha Modeling Ecology Dynamics Model complexity Water conservation area 2A Transport and reaction simulation engine Regional simulation model

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Optical imaging technology in colonoscopy:Is there a role for photometric stereo?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第5期12卷 138-148页

作者： Benjamin M Shandro Khemraj Emrith gregory Slabaugh Andrew Poullis Melvyn l Smith Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom Centre for Machine Vision University of the West of EnglandBristol BS161QYUnited Kingdom Department of Computer Science CityUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom

Colonoscopy screening for the detection and removal of colonic adenomas is central to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of colorectal ***,up to a third of adenomas may be missed at colonoscopy,and the majority of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers are thought to arise from *** have three-dimensional surface topographic features that differentiate them from adjacent normal ***,these topographic features are not enhanced by white light colonoscopy,and the endoscopist must infer these from two-dimensional *** may contribute to the number of missed lesions.A variety of optical imaging technologies have been developed commercially to enhance surface ***,existing techniques enhance surface topography indirectly,and in two dimensions,and the evidence does not wholly support their use in routine clinical *** this narrative review,co-authored by gastroenterologists and engineers,we summarise the evidence for the impact of established optical imaging technologies on adenoma detection rate,and review the development of photometric stereo(PS)for *** is a machine vision technique able to capture a dense array of surface normals to render three-dimensional reconstructions of surface *** imaging technique has several potential clinical applications in colonoscopy,including adenoma detection,polyp classification,and facilitating polypectomy,an inherently three-dimensional ***,the development of PS for colonoscopy is at an early *** consider the progress that has been made with PS to date and identify the obstacles that need to be overcome prior to clinical application.

关键词： Photometric stereo Colonoscopy Colonic polyps Adenomas Image enhancement Machine vision

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laser capture microdissection and genetic analysis of carbon-labeled Kupffer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1708-1718页

作者： Stephan Gehring Edmond Sabo Maryann E San Martin Elizabeth M Dickson Chao-Wen Cheng Stephen H gregory Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States Department of Pathology Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02903 United States zentrum fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der Universitaitsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitait 55101 Mainz Germany

AIM： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （lCM）. METHODS： Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. lCM offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. lCM is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by lCM prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel approach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESUlTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell population displayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and Kupffer cell receptor message expression, which demonstrated Kupffer cell enrichment. Gene expression by Kupffer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-operated, mice was compared. Microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized PubMed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kupffer cells to suppress liver injury. CONClUSION; The methodology outlined herein provides an approach to isolating high quality RNA from Kupffer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.

关键词： Kupffer cells India ink laser capturemicrodissection Bile duct ligation DNA microarray

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A PQAS-containing glass-ionomer cement for improved antibacterial function

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第10期3卷 956-963页

作者： Yiming Weng Xia Guo Jun Zhao Richard l. gregory Dong Xie 不详

The novel non-leachable poly (quaternary ammonium salt) (PQAS)-containing antibacterial glass- ionomer cement has been developed. Compressive strength (CS) and S. mutans viability were used as tools for strength and antibacterial activity evaluations, respectively. All the specimens were conditioned in distilled water at 37?C prior to testing. Commercial glass-ionomer cement Fuji II lC was used as control. With PQAS addition, the studied cements showed a reduction in CS with 25-95% for Fuji II lC and 13-78% for the experimental cement and a reduction in S. mutans viability with 40-79% for Fuji II lC and 40-91% for the experimental cement. The experimental cement showed less CS reduction and higher antibacterial activity as compared to Fuji II lC. The long-term aging study indicates that the cements are permanently antibacterial with no PQAS leaching. It appears that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative that can be potentially used for long- lasting restorations due to its high mechanical strength and permanent antibacterial function.

关键词： PQAS Antibacterial Glass-Ionomer Cement CS Aging

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Unique Measure for the Time-Periodic Navier-Stokes on the Sphere Navier-Stokes on the Sphere

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第11期6卷 1809-1830页

作者： gregory Varner Division of Natural and Health Sciences Mathematics Department John Brown University Siloam Springs USA

This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of a time-invariant measure for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations on the sphere under a random kick-force and a time-periodic deterministic force. Several examples of deterministic force satisfying the necessary conditions for a unique invariant measure to exist are given. The support of the measure is examined and given explicitly for several cases.

关键词： Navier-Stokes Invariant Measure Sphere

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