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人腺病毒带来的威胁：中国是否需要制定以疫苗接种为主的预防策略

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中华预防医学杂志 2014年第12期48卷 1030-1034页

作者： Benjamin D.Anderson 马麦卷马蒙蒙陆家海 gregory c.gray Duke Infectious Diseases Duke Global Health InstituteDuke MedicineDurhamNC 27710USA 病原微生物安全国家重点实验室军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所中山大学公共卫生学院

全球范围内，人腺病毒是常见的导致呼吸道和肠道疾病暴发的病原体。中国人口超过13亿，有较长的人腺病毒流行与暴发记录史。中国第1次人腺病毒感染事件发生于1958年冬季，主要在北京和长春市的6个月至2岁的儿童中暴发了病毒性肺炎，造成... 详细信息

全球范围内，人腺病毒是常见的导致呼吸道和肠道疾病暴发的病原体。中国人口超过13亿，有较长的人腺病毒流行与暴发记录史。中国第1次人腺病毒感染事件发生于1958年冬季，主要在北京和长春市的6个月至2岁的儿童中暴发了病毒性肺炎，造成了16．6％～33．3％的感染儿童死亡，后确认为人腺病毒感染［1－2］。

关键词：人腺病毒中国人口预防策略疫苗接种腺病毒感染疾病暴发儿童死亡病毒性肺炎

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Single-Li^+ conductivity in ionomeric network

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chinese Journal of chemistry 1993年第5期11卷 429-434页

作者： FARRINGTON gregory c. Department of Materials and Engineer University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Ionomeric networks(IN)with lithium sulfate and sait-solvating oligo(oxyethylene)chain were synthesized on the purpose of improving the conductivity of single-Li^+-ionic ***^+-ionic conductivity depends considerably on the salt content of the INs although the apparent degree of cross- linking is fixed in a constant of 10 mol%.As salt content(Li/O value)equals 0.0467,conductivity of the IN containing neither small-molecular salt nor low molecular weight plasticizer reaches a maximum of 7×10^(-6) S/cm at 25℃.Temperature-conductivity relationship of the INs shows curved Arrhenins plots,suggesting that the ionic conduction is primarily influenced by segmental motion of the polymer *** addition,WLF(Williams-Landel-Ferry)equation is used to analyze the conductivity data, from which the related WLF parameters are determined.

关键词： Single-Li

Angiographic evaluation and management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1191-1201页

作者： T gregory Walker Gloria M Salazar Arthur c Waltman Division of Vascular Imaging and Intervention Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States

Although most cases of acute nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage either spontaneously resolve or respond to medical management or endoscopic treatment,there are still a significant number of patients who require emergency angiography and transcatheter *** with noninvasive imaging such as nuclear scintigraphy or computed tomography may localize the bleeding source and/or confirm active hemorrhage prior to *** angiographic evaluation should begin with selective catheterization of the artery supplying the most likely site of bleeding,as determined by the available clinical,endoscopic and imaging *** a hemorrhage source is identified,superselective catheterization followed by transcatheter microcoil embolization is usually the most effective means of successfully controlling hemorrhage while minimizing potential *** is now wellrecognized as a viable and safe alternative to emergency *** selected situations transcatheter intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin may also be useful in controlling acute gastrointestinal *** must be aware of the various side effects and potential complications associated with this treatment,however,and recognize the high re-bleeding *** this article we review the current role of angiography,transcatheter arterial embolization and infusion therapy in the evaluation and management of nonvariceal gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

关键词： Angiodysplasia Aneurysm Digital subtrac-tion angiography contrast media Hemorrhage Radio-nuclide angiography Therapeutic embolization

A whiter shade of male： color background matching as a function of size and sex in the yellow shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis （Dana, 1851）

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current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 729-738页

作者： gregory c. JENSEN Michael S. EGNOTOVIcH School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Box 355020 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Juveniles of the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis are highly variable in color, ranging from the typical yellowish- green of adults to pure white and myriad patterns of white mottling and other disruptive markings, but large individuals with white coloration appear to be very rare. Using image analysis to quantify the relative ＂whiteness＂ of beaches, we sampled crabs from nine locations in Washington State that varied widely in their amount of shell fragments and other light-colored material. The total proportion of white individuals in the different locations was strongly correlated to the proportion of white material on the beaches, but there was a striking difference between sexes. Although white specimens of both sexes declined significantly at sizes above 10 mm carapace width, white females generally persisted throughout the entire female size range on lighter-colored beaches while white males larger than 10 mm were virtually absent from all of the sampled populations. Pure white males held on dark backgrounds in captivity remained white, as they lack the dark chromatophores in their hypoderrnis needed to change color; off-white males became darker and in some cases lightened up again when transferred back to a white background. Behavioral differences between the sexes may result in differential mortality of white individuals by visual predators [current Zoology 61 （4） 729-738, 2015 ].

关键词： camouflage color Polymorphism Disruptive patterns crabs

Optical tissue clearing enables rapid,precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Jennifer Zhang Tessa Gordon gregory H.Borschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue *** optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the *** extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in *** solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and *** optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques,including retrograde labeling studies,and computational image segmentation,providing fast and precise cell ***,optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies,tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular *** their wide-ranging applicability,rapid processing times,and low costs,tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair *** procedures were approved by the Hospital for Sick children’s Laboratory Animal Services committee(49871/9)on November 9,2019.

关键词： histology image segmentation morphometry nerve regeneration outcome assessment peripheral nerve three-dimensional imaging tissue clearing

SYNTHESIS AND POLYMERIZATION OF OLIGO (OXYETHYLENE) MAcROMONOMER

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1993年第3期11卷 262-266页

作者：张升水刘庆国杨蕾玲 FARRINGTON gregory c. Laboratory of Solid State Ionics University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 Beijing Research Institute of chemical Industry Beijing 100013 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA.

This paper reports the synthesis of methoxyoligo (oxyethylene) methacrylate (MEO_n , n is the repeating unit number of (cH_2cH_2O) in the macromonomer), and its polymerization in different solvents. MEO_n is prepared through such two independent reactions as (1) anionic polymerization of oxirane initiated by potassium alkoxide and (2) end-capping of methoxy oligo(oxyethylene) by methacrylic group. The n value can be conveniently controlled over the range of 5 ～ 30 by varying the molar ratio of oxirane to initiator and the molecular weight distribution of MEO_n be narrowed by increasing reaction time only in step (1). MEO_n thus obtained shows a rapid polymerization in water and benzene respectively, and both give water-soluble polymers as long as suitable conditions are used.

关键词： M acromonomer Oligo (oxyethylene) Amphiphilic monomer Free-radical Polymerization

Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William c. FOSTER connor M. ARMSTRONG gregory T. cHISM Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality, can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which individual differences in anti-predator response （or boldness） influence survival rates in groups of snails chlorostoma funebralis when they encounter a predatory sea star Pisaster giganteus. The snail c. funebralis shows consistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occupied by predators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher experimental densities experienced higher per capita survival rates. Positive effects of prey boldness on survival are not uncommonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can impact predator-prey interactions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type predation risk personality survival selection temperament.

Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： gregory A.Johnson Robert c.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe W.cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(EcM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IAcs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep