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On the mechanistic origins of maximum strength in nanocrystalline metals

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 393-404页

作者： Ankit Gupta Jacob Gruber Satish S.Rajaram gregory b.thompson David L.McDowell Garritt J.Tucker Colorado School of Mines Mechanical EngineeringGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

The maximum strength of polycrystalline metals/alloys has been suggested to occur at nanoscale grain sizes where the governing deformation mechanism transitions from dislocation plasticity to grain boundary mediated *** tremendous progress recently uncovering links between transitions in nanoscale mechanisms and peak strength,the scientific literature is mostly devoid of any quantitative support,owing to the difficulty in measuring the resolved contribution of individual mechanisms to microstructural strain *** this study,the contribution of individual nanoscale mechanisms to the overall deformation of nanocrystalline Ni is calculated from atomistic simulations leveraging continuum-based kinematic metrics to compute mechanistic contributions to microstructural strain.

关键词： strength deformation grain

Cybermaterials: materials by design and accelerated insertion of materials

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 233-246页

作者： Wei Xiong gregory b Olson Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA QuesTek Innovations LLC EvanstonILUSA

Cybermaterials innovation entails an integration of Materials by Design and accelerated insertion of materials(AIM),which transfers studio ideation into industrial *** assembling a hierarchical architecture of integrated computational materials design(ICMD)based on materials genomic fundamental databases,the ICMD mechanistic design models accelerate *** here review progress in the development of linkage models of the process-structure–property-performance paradigm,as well as related design accelerating *** the materials development capability based on phase-level structural control requires more fundamental investment at the level of the Materials Genome,with focus on improving applicable parametric design models and constructing high-quality *** opportunities in materials genomic research serving both Materials by Design and AIM are addressed.

关键词： insertion linkage constructing

Is salmonid migration at risk from chemical information disruption?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 378-387页

作者： Keith b.Tierney gregory G.Pyle biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied SciencesEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of Public Health College of Health SciencesEdmontonABT6G 1C9Canada Department of biological Sciences University of LethbridgeLethbridgeABT1K 3M4Canada

Good information is the basis for good *** many invaluable salmon species,chemical information is necessary to guide and fine-tune their migrations to and from freshwater mating grounds.A problem is that salmon of the current world are running a gauntlet of toxic chemicals arising from diverse anthropogenic inputs and these chemicals are known to disrupt *** is sufficient evidence that effluents from cities,mines,agriculture and industry contain chemicals that can rapidly,and sometimes irreversibly,impair the olfactory sense that salmon use to gather *** toxic inputs may not only be strong enough to impair migration,but be strong enough to redirect salmon away from their *** is also evidence that some synthetic chemicals may serve as the basis for ‘new’ information and be useful in making correct migratory *** the plus side,there are examples of new regulations that limit the input of chemicals of known olfactory toxicity,but on the minus side,increased urbanization and global climate change will likely increase the number and/or severity of some neurotoxic *** we identify the specific avenues of chemical risks to information disruption and in so doing prioritize and rank the risks to migrating *** data collected here can be used to lay the foundation for modelling the effects of anthropogenic inputs on information disruption in diverse salmonid species from around the world and therefore help secure their longevity in a changing chemical environment.

关键词： Salmon migration Ocean ranching Chemical information disruption Homing disruption Olfactory toxicity

Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： breanna J.Putman gregory b.Pauly Daniel T.blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their *** comm only invasive species do well in disturbed habitats,such as urban environments,and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbarices could con tribute to their ***,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturbed *** question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urban-exploiting"*** Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,brown anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles ***,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native *** predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and by being found farther from a refuge(behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,but were consistently found at distances closer to a ***,invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native *** on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator boldness escape behavior invasion reptile urban ecology

Natural Variation in Tomato Reveals Differences in the Recognition of AvrPto and AvrPtob Effectors from Pseudomonas syringae

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Molecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 639-649页

作者： Christine M. Kraus Kathy R. Munkvold gregory b. Martin boyce thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA beckman Coulter Indianapolis IN 46268 USA

The Pto protein kinase from Solanum pimpinellifolium interacts with Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtob to activate effector-triggered immunity. The previously solved crystal structures of the AvrPto-Pto and AvrPtob-Pto complexes revealed that Pro binds each effector through both a shared and a unique interface. Hera we use natural variation in wild species of tomato to further investigate Pto recognition of these two effectors. One species, Solanum chmielewskU, was found to have many accessions that recognize only AvrPtob. The Pto ortholog from one of these accessions was responsible for recognition of AvrPtob and it differed from Solanum pimpinellifolium Pto by only 14 amino acids, including two in the AvrPto-specific interface, glutamate-49/glycine-51. Converting these two residues to those in Pro （histidine-49/valine-51） did not restore recognition of AvrPto. Subsequent experiments revealed that a single substitution of a histidine-to-aspartate at position 193 in Pto, which is not near the AvrPto- specific interface, was sufficient for conferring recognRion of AvrPto in plant cells. The reciprocal substi- tution of aspartate-to-histidine-193 in Pto abolished AvrPto recognition, confirming the importance of this residue. Our results reveal new aspects about effector recognition by Pto and demonstrate the value of using natural variation to understand the interaction between resistance proteins and pathogen effectors.

关键词： Effector-triggered immunity natural variation plant immunity Pseudomonas syringae Pto tomato

Plant Genome Editing Database (PGED): A Call for Submission of Information about Genome-Edited Plant Mutants

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Molecular Plant 2019年第2期12卷 127-129页

作者： Yi Zheng Ning Zhang gregory b. Martin Zhangjun Fei boyce thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe biology Section School of Integrative 2Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Ithaca NY 14853 USA These authors contributed equally to this article

Recent advances in genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas, enable the alteration of DNA sequences to produce deletions, insertions, and substitutions in genes (Jaganathan et al., 2018), as well as large ... 详细信息

关键词： Plant Genome Editing Database (PGED) Genome-Edited Plant Mutants

Dynamic glial response and crosstalk in demyelination-remyelination and neurodegeneration processes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1359-1368页

作者： Tianci Chu Lisa b.E.Shields Wenxin Zeng Yi Ping Zhang Yuanyi Wang gregory N.barnes Christopher b.Shields Jun Cai Pediatric Research Institute Department of PediatricsUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton HealthcareLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Spine Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Neurology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous *** is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction throughout the course of multiple sclerosis, followed by the entry of immune cells and activation of local microglia and *** cells(microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells) are known as the important mediators of neuroinflammation, all of which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple *** communications between glial cells affect the activities of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and influence the demyelination-remyelination process.A finely balanced glial response may create a favorable lesion environment for efficient remyelination and *** review focuses on glial response and neurodegeneration based on the findings from multiple sclerosis and major rodent demyelination *** particular, glial interaction and molecular crosstalk are discussed to provide insights into the potential cell-and molecule-specific therapeutic targets to improve remyelination and neuroregeneration.

关键词： astrocyte crosstalk demyelination glial response microglia/macrophage multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation oligodendrocyte lineage cells remyelination

Removal of Cryptosporidium sized particle under different filtration temperature, flow rate and alum dosing

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2007年第1期14卷 23-25页

作者：许国仁 Fitzpatrick S. b. Caroline gregory John 邓林煜 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College London Gower Street

Recent Cryptosporidium outbreaks have highlighted concerns about filter efficiency and in particular particle breakthrough. It is essential to ascertain the causes of Cryptosporidium sized particle breakthrough for Cryptosporidium cannot be destroyed by conventional chlorine disinfection. This research tried to investigate the influence of temperature, flow rate and chemical dosing on particle breakthrough during filtration. The results showed that higher temperatures and coagulant doses could reduce particle breakthrough. The increase of filtration rate made the residual particle counts become larger. There was an optimal dose in filtration and was well correlated to ζ potential.

关键词： Cryptosporidium humic acid filtration particle temperature

Seasonal Variability of the Mixed Layer Temperature in the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 122-123页

作者： b.Praveen Kumar Jerome Vialard gregory R.Foltz Physical Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography Locean/IRD France University of Washington/JISAO U.S. VSN Murty-NIO India

The 5°S-10°S band in the Indian Ocean,named recently as Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR),is a region where several phenomena of significant climatic influence build *** is a generation region for tropical cyclones striking the inhabited islands in the Indian Ocean and the African *** was recently shown that it is one of the regions where atmospheric intraseasonal variability (*** Julian Oscillation,MJO) is

关键词： Indian ocean heat budget seasonal cycle advection entrainment forcing