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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： Zhongjie Zhang Yanghua Wang gregory a.houseman Tao Xu Zhenbo Wu Xiaohui Yuan Yun Chen Xiaobo Tian Zhiming Bai Jiwen Teng Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

The Tibetan Plateau is formed by continuing convergence between Indian and Asian plates since～50 Ma,involving more than 1400 km of crustal shortening. New seismic data from western Tibet(the TW-80 experiment at80°E)reveal segmentation of lower crustal structure by the major sutures,contradicting the idea of a mobile lower crust that flows laterally in response to stress *** changes in crustal structure and Moho depth occur at the mapped major tectonic boundaries, suggesting that zones of localized shear on sub-vertical planes extend through the crust and into the upper *** waves originating at the Moho and at a shallower discontinuity are interpreted to define a partially eclogitized layer that extends 200 km north of the Indus–Yarlung Suture Zone, beneath the entire Lhasa block at depths of between 50 and 70 km. This layer is thinner and shallower to the north of the Shiquanhe Fault which separates the northern Lhasa block from the southern part,and the degree of eclogitization is interpreted to increase northward. The segmentation of the Tibetan crust is compatible with a shortening deformation rather than shear on horizontal planes. Unless the Indianplate mantle lithosphere plunges steeply into the mantle beneath the Indus–Yarlung suture, leaving Indian-plate crust accreted to the southern margin of Tibet,then it too must have experienced a similar shortening deformation.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Moho segmentation receiver functions crustal thickness eclogitization shear zones

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Aggregated seed arrival alters plant diversity in grassland communities

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 51-58页

作者： gregory R.houseman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University1845 FairmountWichitaKS 67260USA

Aims Species aggregation is commonly seen in plant communities and may increase diversity by causing intraspecific competition to exceed interspecific *** potential source of this spatial aggregation is seed dispersal but it is unclear to what extent aggregated seed distributions affect plant diversity in real *** a field experiment,I tested whether uniform or aggregated seed arrival alters community structure and whether these effects vary with sowing *** The experiment consisted of two spatial seeding treatments(uniform and aggregated)that were fully crossed with three seed density ***,3×4-m plots were arrayed in a low-diversity grassland located in Kansas,*** plot was divided into fortyeight,0.5×0.5-m *** aggregated seeding treatments,each of the 15 species was sown into three randomly selected patches within the plot(3×15=45).To create a uniform species arrival but control for the seed addition method,all 15 species were sown into 45 individual patches(with three patches remaining unsown)within each *** mass for each species was held constant at the plot scale between uniform or aggregated treatments within a given level of the sowing density *** two growing seasons,plant density was quantified for all sown species in 15 randomly selected patches from each *** Findings I found evidence for shifts in community structure in response to the different spatial seeding *** evenness of added species was higher under aggregated than uniform sowing *** was no detectable effect of aggregated seed sowing on species richness at 3.75 m^(2) ***,when species richness was extrapolated to larger scales(11.25 m^(2)),aggregated sowing was predicted to have greater richness than uniform *** of seed aggregation on community structure were apparent only at moderate to high sowing rates,yet the latter are within the range of measured seed dispersal in s

关键词： clumped colonization rank-abundance distributions seed dispersal seed sowing

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Context dependency of insect and mammalian herbivore effects on tall thistle (Cirsium altissimum) populations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 531-541页

作者： F.Leland Russell gregory R.houseman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS 67260-0026USA

Aims Identifying factors that drive variation in herbivore effects on plant populations can provide insight for explaining plant distributions and for limiting *** resource availability to plants is a key explanation for variation in herbivore effects on individual plants,but the role of resources in determining herbivore effects on plant populations is largely *** tested the hypothesis that soil nutrient availability drives variation in insect and mam-mal herbivore effects on tall thistle(Cirsium altissimum)population *** In a Kansas USA restored tallgrass grassland that experienced prescribed fires,we manipulated soil nutrients,through fertil-izer addition,and presence of insect and mammal herbivores,using combinations of insecticide and fencing,in experimental *** 7 years,we quantified herbivore damage to repro-ductive tall thistles,tall thistle seed production and population growth *** Findings Seed production was reduced by insect herbivores and increased by fertilizer addition,but treatment effects were *** effects on tall thistle population growth depended upon soil nutrients in only one of seven annual *** reduced thistle population growth in two of three annual transi-tions that included prescribed fire,whereas they reduced popula-tion growth in only one of four transitions without *** nutrient availability does not provide a general explanation for variation in herbivore effects on tall thistle population growth *** regime may be a more important aspect of ecological context for influencing herbivore effects on tall thistle populations in mesic grasslands.

关键词： fire herbivory population growth seed limitation soil nutrients

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Experimental evidence that soil heterogeneity enhances plant diversity during community assembly

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 461-469页

作者： Brandon M.Williams gregory R.houseman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University1845 FairmountWichitaKS 67260USA

Aims Environmental heterogeneity is a primary mechanism explain-ing species coexistence and extant patterns of *** strong theoretical support and ample observational evidence,few experimental studies in plant communities have been able to demonstrate a causal link between environmental heterogene-ity and plant *** lack of experimental evidence sug-gests that either fine-scale heterogeneity has weak effects on plant diversity or previous experiments have been unable to effectively manipulate ***,we utilize a unique soil manipu-lation to test whether fine-scale soil heterogeneity will increase plant richness through species sorting among experimental patch *** This experiment was conducted in the tallgrass prairie region of south-central Kansas,*** utilized the inherent variation found in the vertical soil profile,which varied in both biotic and abiotic characteristics,and redistributed these strata into either homoge-neous or heterogeneous spatial arrangements in 2.4×2.4 m *** the soil manipulation,34 native prairie species were sown into all *** conducted annual censuses at peak biomass to quantify species composition and plant density by species within the experimental *** Findings After 2 years,species richness was significantly higher in heteroge-neous relative to homogeneous plots and this pattern was independ-ent of total plant *** the heterogeneous plots,13 species had higher establishment in a specific patch type representing one of the three soil ***,no species had greater estab-lishment in the mixed stratum,which comprised the homogene-ous plots,relative to the heterogeneous *** species sorting patterns suggest that fine-scale heterogeneity creates opportunities for plant establishment due to niche differences,which translates into increased plant diversity at the plot *** richness was more strongly related to plant density among patch

关键词： environmental heterogeneity species richness species sorting community assembly niche theory neutral theory

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