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FUN WAYS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH LISTENING SKILLS

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山东外语教学 1990年第4期11卷 74-77,73页

作者： gregory .lee professor of Los Angeles Community College

Any language is a sound language. In the process of its formation, the oral language comes first, then appears the written one. A language exists in the society as a communicative tool and the main form of communication is oral communication. That is, listening and speaking, A survey shows that we communicate this way: listening 40％, speaking 30％, reading 20％, writing 10％. We can really see the importance of listening and speaking.

关键词： listening speaking comes writing lesson communicate begin textbook trouble really

RP215 and GHR106 Monoclonal Antibodies and Potential Therapeutic Applications

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Open Journal of Immunology 2023年第3期13卷 61-85页

作者： gregory lee Center for Reproductive Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

During the last two decades, two distinct monoclonal antibodies, RP215 and GHR106 were generated, respectively and extensively characterized, biologically and immunologically. Both antibodies target separately specific pan cancer markers and are being evaluated preclinically for potential therapeutic applications in cancer immunotherapy and/or fertility regulations. RP215 was shown to react specifically with carbohydrate-associated epitope located in the heavy chain variable regions of cancer cell expressed specific immunoglobulins, designated as CA215 which are distinct from those of normal B cell origins. The cancerous immunoglobulins may function to react with specific human serum proteins to facilitate growth/proliferation as well as protection of cancer cells in circulations. RP215-based enzyme immunoassays were designed to monitor serum CA215 levels among cancer patients. On the other hand, GHR106 was generated against N1-29 oligopeptide located in the extracellular domains of human GnRH receptor found either in the anterior pituitary or in most of the cancer cells. In vitro culture of cancer cells revealed that either of these two antibodies can induce apoptosis of cancer cells following 24 - 48 hours incubations. Anti-tumor activities of both antibodies were evaluated by typical nude mouse experiments. Either one was shown to effectively reduce the volumes of implanted tumors, dose-dependently. Humanized forms of either antibody were made available in CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)-T cell constructs. They were shown separately to induce cytotoxic killings of cancer cells in vitro by releasing cytokines upon incubations of tumor cells with either of CAR-T cell constructs. In addition, GHR106 also acts as GnRH antagonist by a specific targeting to pituitary GnRH receptor for reversible suppressions of reproductive hormones such as LH, testosterone or estradiol. Based on the above preclinical assessments, it can be generally concluded that both RP215 and GHR10

关键词： RP215 GHR106 Cancer Immunotherapy Fertility Regulation CAR-T Cell Constructs CA215

Implications of apoptosis in cancer immunotherapy

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第6期3卷 679-685页

作者： gregory lee Bixia Ge UBC Centre for Reproductive Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Inhibitions or blockages of ligand-receptor interactions on cancer cell surfaces by exogenous competetors or antibodies often result in apoptosis or “programmed cell death.” The underlying mechanisms of action for cellular apoptosis depend greatly on the molecular nature of specific ligand-receptor interactions and the signal transduction pathways involved. Two such unrelated systems which are potentially involved in apoptosis of cancer cells are described in this review. They are, respectively, gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and cancerous immunoglobulins, or CA215, both of which are widely expressed on the surface of cancer cells from diversified tissue origins. Bindings of GnRH or its decapeptide analogs as ligands to GnRH receptor were known to induce apoptosis of several extrapituitary cell types in gonadal tissues, as well as different cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies against the GnRH receptor of cancer cells were shown to induce apoptosis, similar to the action of GnRH analogs. In contrast, RP215 monoclonal antibody reacts specifically with the carbohydrate-associated epitope of cancerous immunoglobulins and is known to induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro. It also causes growth inhibition of tumor cells in nude mouse experimental models. Elucidations of the specific mechanisms of apoptosis in cancer cells of these two molecular interaction systems will not only lead to a better understanding of cancer biology but also benefit patients in cancer monitoring and therapy.

关键词： Apoptosis GHR106 RP215 CA215 Pan-Cancer Biomarker GnRH Receptor

Roles of antigen receptors and CA215 in the innate immunity of cancer cells

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Open Journal of Immunology 2013年第3期3卷 127-138页

作者： gregory lee Suefay Liu UBC Center for Reproductive Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Antigen receptors, including immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors, are known to be widely expressed by cancer cells through unconfirmed mechanisms and for unknown purposes. Recently, a monoclonal antibody, designated as RP215, was generated against the ovarian cancer cell line, OC-3-VGH, and was shown to react with CA215, which consisted mainly of these cancer cell-expressed antigen receptors. Experimental evidence has clearly indicated that cancerous immunoglobulins play significant roles in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. RP215 and anti-antigen receptor antibodies were equally effective in inducing apoptosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity reactions to cultured cancer cells. Through gene regulation studies, both RP215 and antibodies against antigen-receptors were shown to affect more than a dozen of genes involved in cell proliferation (such as NFκB-1, IgG, P21, cyclin D1, ribosomal P1, and c-fos). Furthermore, selected toll-like receptor genes (TLR- 2, -3, -4, and -9) were also found to be highly regulated by both RP215 and anti-antigen receptor antibodies. For example, RP215 and anti-antigen receptor antibodies were found to both up-regulate TLR-2 and/or TLR-3 and down- regulate TLR-4 and TLR-9 intwo types of cancer cells. Based on these studies, it is reasonable to postulate that cancerous immunoglobulins play important roles in the modulation of the innate immune system to allow the growth and survival of cancer cells within the human body. Consequently, RP215 inits humanized forms may be utilized to target cancer cells for potential therapeutic purposes.

关键词： Antigen Receptors CA215 Cancer Immunity Immunoglobulins Innate Immunity RP215 T Cell Receptors Toll-Like Receptors

Carbohydrate-associated epitope-based anti-cancer drugs and vaccines

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第9期4卷 18-23页

作者： gregory lee Cheng-Yuan Huang Song-Nan Chow Chin-Hsiang Chien Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Chinese Taipei Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Yang Ming University Taipei Chinese Taipei UBC Center for Reproductive Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Vancouver BioTech Ltd. Vancouver Canada

RP215 is one of the three thousand monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) which were generated against the OC-3-VGH ovarian cancer cell line. RP215 was shown to react with a carbohydrate-associated epitope located specifically on glycoproteins, known as CA215, from cancer cells. Further molecular analysis by matrix adsorption laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that CA215 consists mainly of immunoglobulin super-family (IgSF) proteins, including immunoglobulins, T-cell receptors, and cell adhesion molecules, as well as several other unrelated proteins. Peptide mappings and glycoanalysis were performed with CA215 and revealed high-mannose and complex bisecting structures with terminal sialic acid in N-glycans. As many as ten O-glycans, which are structurally similar to those of mucins, were also identified. In addition, two additional O-linked glycans were exclusively detected in cancerous immunoglobulins but not in normal B cell-derived immunoglobulins. Immunizations of mice with purified CA215 resulted in the predominant generation of RP215-related Mabs, indicating the immunodominance of this carbohydrate-associated epitope. Anti-idiotype (anti-id) Mabs of RP215, which were generated in the rat, were shown to contain the internal images of the carbohydrate-associated epitope. Following immunizations of these anti-id Mabs in mice, the resulting anti-anti-id (Ab3) responses in mice were found to be immunologically similar to that of RP215. Judging from these observations, anti-id Mabs, which carry the internal image of the RP215-specific epitope, may be suitable candidates for anticancer vaccine development in humans.

关键词： Anti-Cancer Drugs Anti-Cancer Vaccines Anti-Idiotype CA215 Carbohydrate-Associated Epitope Immunodominance RP215

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慢叶锈小麦品种间杂交潜伏期长度的超亲分离

麦类作物学报 1986年第5期 10-12页

作者： Tae Soo lee ,gregory Shaner ,宋继学

本研究的目的,在于确定不同来源的慢叶锈品种是否具有控制潜伏期的独特基因,如果有,那么这些基因是否有加性效应.材料和方法试验在温室进行.共7个试材,6个来源于慢叶锈小麦品种(CI 13227, Suwon 85, SW72469-6, L574-1, CI 10745和普渡... 详细信息

本研究的目的,在于确定不同来源的慢叶锈品种是否具有控制潜伏期的独特基因,如果有,那么这些基因是否有加性效应.材料和方法试验在温室进行.共7个试材,6个来源于慢叶锈小麦品种(CI 13227, Suwon 85, SW72469-6, L574-1, CI 10745和普渡育种系P65113B6)之间的杂种(组合为慢叶锈×慢叶锈)衍生群体,这6个慢叶锈品种以往曾有报道.以一个快锈品种Morocco作对照.

关键词：叶锈不同来源超亲分离小麦品种杂种杂交种杂交组合杂种组合长度

The need for pre-emptive control strategies for mpox in Asia and Oceania

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 214-223页

作者： gregory Gan AJanhavi Guan Tong Jue Tao Lim Borame L.Dickens Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of SingaporeSingapore lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

Introduction:The transmission dynamics of the recent mpox outbreak highlights the lack of infrastructure available to rapidly respond to novel STI outbreaks,of which Asia and Oceania remains particularly ***,we simulate outbreaks in this setting and propose the use of pre-emptive vaccination within the men who have sex with men(MSM)community before the arrival and establishment of the *** and methods Using data driven heterogeneous sexual contact networks,we simulated outbreaks of mpox in Singapore,Hong Kong,and *** individual based SEIR compartmental model was used to simulate epidemic trajectories and the impact of different vaccination uptakes was assessed in their ability to avert or suppress outbreaks upon the arrival of mpox within the MSM ***:The highly dense sexual networks of Singapore and Sydney experience rapid outbreaks,with infection peaks occurring at day 41 and 23 respectively,compared to Hong Kong which occurs at day *** the simulations with no vaccination,68.2%–89.7%of the MSM community will become infected with mpox across the different cities,over a simulation period of 1 *** implementing vaccination strategies,the infection rate across the cities can be reduced to as low as 3.1%of the population(range:3.1%–82.2%)depending on the implementation and uptake of the *** is also extremely effective in slowing the start of the epidemic,delaying the epidemic peak by 36–50 days in Hong Kong,or even preventing the outbreak of ***:With extremely dense and well-connected sexual contact networks,where 65.2%–83.2%of the population are connected to a super-spreader in the different contact networks,pre-emptive or immediate vaccination upon identification of the first case is strongly recommended to help better manage the outbreak of mpox and prevent potential straining of healthcare systems.

关键词： Monkeypox virus Modelling Network model Mpox Contact matrix Sexual contact

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Adolescent Lisfranc injury treated with TightRope^(TM):A case report and review of literature

作者： (1984-)gregory lee

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第2期10卷 115-122页

作者： Themistoklis Tzatzairis gregory Firth lee Parker Royal London Hospital Paediatric Orthopaedic Department Barts NHS Trust Royal London Hospital Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic department Barts NHS Trust

BACKGROUND Lisfranc injuries are rare and can be easily missed. This injury is extremely rare in children, with limited published data. Different treatment options have been described; one of the options in adults is the "mini" TightRope^(TM) Syndesmosis Device that provides non-rigid fixation with impressive results. However, there is no reference regarding the use of this device in *** SUMMARY We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl who sustained a Lisfranc injury of her right foot that was initially missed in the Accident and Emergency department of her local hospital. This case was a ligamentous/periosteal sleeve avulsion type of Lisfranc injury and a percutaneous technique using the "mini" TightRope^(TM)syndesmosis device was used. Clinical and radiological results were excellent at final follow *** The "mini" TightRope^(TM) syndesmosis device is a promising method of fixation for children with certain Lisfranc injuries. This method has many advantages,including the non-rigid type of the fixation and no need for subsequent metalwork removal.

关键词： Lisfranc Injury Foot Tightrope Paediatric Case report