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Age structure of a lizard along an elevational gradient reveals nonlinear lifespan patterns with altitude

Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 373-382页

作者： Mar Comas Senda Reguera Francisco JZamora-Camacho gregorio moreno-rueda Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranadaE-18071Spain Estacion Biologica de Donana(EBD-CSIC) Americo Vespucio 26SevillaE-41092Spain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

Lifespan is one of the main components of life *** lifespans can be expected in marginal ***,in the case of ectotherms,lifespan typically increases with altitude,even though temperature-one of the main factors to determine ectotherms'life history-declines with *** pattern can be explained by the fact that a shorter activity time favors *** this study,we analyzed how lifespan and other life-history traits of the lizard Psammodromus algirus vary along a 2,200 m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada(SE Spain).Populations at inter-mediate altitudes(1,200-1,700 m),corresponding to the optimal habitat for this species,had the shortest lifespans,whereas populations inhabiting marginal habitats(at both low and at high altitudes)lived ***,this lizard did not follow the typical pattern of ectotherms,as it also lived longer at the lower limit of its distribution,nor did it show a longer lifespan in areas with optimal *** results might be explained by a complex combination of different gradients along the mountain,namely that activity time decreases with altitude whereas food availability *** could explain why lifespan was maximum at both high(limited activity time)and low(limited food availability)altitudes,resulting in similar lifespans in areas with contrasting environmental *** findings also indicated that reproductive investment and body condition increase with elevation,suggesting that alpine populations are locally adapted.

关键词： age structure elevation lite history longevity marginal habitats relative clutch mass

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Prey availability, prey selection, and trophic niche width in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along an elevational gradient

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 603-613页

作者： gregorio moreno-rueda Elena MELERO Senda REGUERA Francisco J, ZAMORA-CAMACHO Ines ALVAREZ-BENITO Departamento de Zoologla Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain Departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain

Mountains imply enormous environmental variation, with alpine habitats entailing harsh environ- ments, especially for ectotherms such as lizards. This environmental variability also may imply variation in prey availability. However, little is known about how lizard trophic ecology varies with elevation. In this study, we analyze diet, prey availability, prey selection, and trophic niche width in the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in the Sierra Nevada （SE Spain）. The analysis of fecal samples has shown that Orthoptera, Formicidae, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae are the main prey, although, according to their abundance in pitfall traps, Formicidae and Coleoptera are rejected by the lizard whereas Orthoptera, Hemiptera, and Araneae are preferred. Prey abundance and diversity increase with elevation and diet subtly varies along with the elevational gradient. The consumption of Coleoptera increases with elevation probably as a consequence of the lizard foraging more in open areas while basking. The electivity for Araneae increases with elevation. Araneae are rejected in the lowlands--where they are rela- tively abundant--whereas, at high elevation, this lizard positively selects them, despite they being less abundant. The lizard trophic niche width expands with elevation due to concomitant greater prey diversity and hence this lizard feeds on more prey types in highlands. Although no sex difference in diet has been found, the trophic niche is broader in females than males. As a whole, alpine lizards show a trophic niche simitar to that found at lower elevat（ons, suggesting that P. algirus is well adapted to the harsh environment found in alpine areas.

关键词： alpine habitats arthropods mountain ecology niche variation hypothesis trophic ecology

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Morphological determinants of jumping performance in the Iberian green frog

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 417-424页

作者： gregorio moreno-rueda Abelardo Requeinia-Blaimco Francisco J.Zamora-Camacho Mar Comas Guillem Pascual Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranadaE-18071Spain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH03055USA Galanthus/Ctra.de Juia 46.17460 CelraSpain

Predation is one of the main selective forces in nature, frequently selecting potential prey for developing escape strategies. Escape ability is typically influenced by several morphological parameters, such as morphology of the locomotor appendices, muscular capacity, body mass, or fluctuating asymmetry, and may differ between sexes and age classes. In this study, we tested the relationship among these variables and jumping performance in 712 Iberian green frogs Pelophylax perezi from an urban population. The results suggest that the main determinant of jumping capacity was body size (explaining 48% of variance). Larger frogs jumped farther, but jumping performance reached an asymptote for the largest frogs. Once controlled by structural body size, the heaviest frogs jumped shorter distances, suggesting a trade-off between fat storage and jumping performance. Relative hind limb length also determined a small but significant percentage of variance (2.4%) in jumping performance-that is, the longer the hind limbs, the greater the jumping capacity. Juveniles had relatively shorter and less muscular hind limbs than adults (for a given body size), and their jumping performance was poorer. In our study population, the hind limbs of the frogs were very symmetrical, and we found no effect of fluctuating asymmetry on jumping performance. Therefore, our study provides evidence that jumping performance in frogs is not only affected by body size, but also by body mass and hind limb length, and differ between age classes.

关键词： body mass fluctuating asymmetry hind limb length hind limb width locomotor performance morphometry

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Habitat-dependent breeding biology of the Blue Tit(Cyanistes caeruleus)across a continuous and heterogeneous Mediterranean woodland

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 499-510页

作者： Jorge Garrido-Bautista Carmen Hernandez-Ruiz Jose Luis Ros-Santaella Eliana Pintus Nicola Bernardo Mar Comas gregorio moreno-rueda Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Granada18071GranadaSpain Tecnologías y Servicios Agrarios S.A. S.M.E.M.P.(Tragsatec)06800BadajozSpain Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500Prague 6-SuchdolCzech Republic Biological Station of Donana EBD-CSICAv.Americo Vespucio 2641092SevilleSpain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College03755HanoverNHUSA

Mediterranean woodland environments are characterised by high spatial and temporal heterogeneity,which means the inhabiting species face a wide variety of selective *** may respond differently to habitat heterogeneity and so distinct eco-evolutionary scenarios may be responsible for the inter-habitat variability in reproductive strategies observed in certain *** inter-forest variability of some reproductive traits in passerines has been examined by comparing forest patches or separated ***,there is still little information regarding how such highly mobile animals adjust their breeding performance across continuous and heterogeneous *** we studied the reproductive performance of a population of Blue Tits(Cyanistes caeruleus) in an area of continuous Mediterranean woodland that included two mountain slopes and four different types of forest,ranging from deciduous oak forests to perennial non-oak *** studied the habitat heterogeneity and inter-forest phenotypic variation in terms of reproductive performance and adult and nestling biometry,besides also exploring the effects of ectoparasites on Blue Tit *** were laid earliest in deciduous Pyrenean Oak(Quercus pyrenaica) forests,while clutch size and the number of fledglings were highest in the humid Pyrenean Oak forest,which had the greatest tree coverage and most humid climate,and lowest in the coniferous Scots Pine(Pinus sylvestris) *** were no inter-forest differences in hatching(percentage of nests with at least one egg hatched) and fledging(percentage of nests in which at least one nestling fledged)***,there were no inter-forest differences in adult and nestling biometry,but adults that raised more fledglings had a lower body mass,while males whose females laid larger clutches had smaller *** ectoparasites did not affect Blue Tit reproduction,although Culicoides had a negative impact on nestling body *** results

关键词： Birds Breeding success Cavity-nesting birds Paridae Passerines Reproduction

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Opposed elevational variation in prevalence and intensity of endoparasites and their vectors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 197-204页

作者： Lola ALVAREZ-RUIZ Rodrigo MEGIA-PALMA Senda REGUERA Santiago Rulz Francisco J. ZAMORA-CAMACHO Jordi FIGUEROLA gregorio moreno-rueda Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion-CSIC Ctra. Naquera Kin. 4.5 Moncada Valencia E-46113 Spain Departarnento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC c/Jose Gutierrez Abascal Madrid E-28006 Spain Unit of Ethology and Animal Welfare Faculty of Veterinary University CEU Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia) E-46113 Spain Servicio de Control de Mosquitos DiputaciGn Provincial de Huelva Centro de InvestigaciGn Biornedica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Huelva Spain CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Peblica (CIBERESP) Spain Departamento de Biogeografia y Carnbio Global Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2 Madrid E-28006 Spain Departarnento de Ecologia de Hurnedales Estacion Biologica de Dofiana-CSIC c/Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada E-18071 Spain

Studying the causes of parasite geographic distribution is relevant to understand ecological and evolutionary processes that affect host populations as well as for species conservation. Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables affecting parasite distribution, as raising temperatures positively affect development, reproduction, and rate of transmission of both endo- and ectoparasites. In this context, it is generally accepted that, in mountains, parasite abundance decreases with elevation. However, empirical evidence on this topic is limited. In the present study, we analyzed the elevational variation of hemoparasites and ectoparasites of a lizard, Psammodromus algirus, along a 2,200-m elevational gradient in Sierra Nevada （SE Spain）. As pre- dicted, ectoparasite （mites, ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies） abundance decreased with elevation. However, hemoparasite prevalence and intensity in the lizard augmented with altitude, showing a pattern contrary to their vectors （mites）. We suggest that tolerance to hemoparasites may increase with elevation as a consequence of lizards at high altitudes taking advantage of increased body condition and food availability, and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, lizards could have been selected for higher resistance against hemoparasites at lowlands （where higher rates of replication are expected）, thus reducing hemoparasite prevalence and load. Our findings imply that, in a scen- ario of climate warming, populations of lizards at high elevation may face increased abundance of ectoparasites, accompanied with strong negative effects.

关键词： elevation immune system parasite distribution Psammodromus algirus reptile

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Within-brood body size and immunological differences in Blue Tit(Cyanistes caeruleus)nestlings relative to ectoparasitism

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 362-368页

作者： Jorge Garrido-Bautista Antonio Soria Cristina E.Trenzado Amalia Pérez-Jiménez Eliana Pintus José Luis Ros-Santaella Nicola Bernardo Mar Comas Stanislav Kolencík gregorio moreno-rueda Departamento de Zoología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain Departamento de Biología Celular Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýck a 12916500Prague 6SuchdolCzech Republic Estaci on Biol ogica de Do~nana EBD-CSICAv.Am erico Vespucio 2641092SevilleSpain Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth CollegeNH03755HanoverUSA Department of Biology University of NevadaNV89557RenoUSA

Several ectoparasites parasitise nestlings decreasing their body condition,growth and *** minimise any loss of fitness due to ectoparasites,birds have developed a wide variety of defence mechanisms,potentially including hatching *** to the Tasty Chick Hypothesis(TCH),the cost of parasitism would be reduced if ectoparasites tend to eat on less immunocompetent nestlings,typically the last-hatched chick in asynchronously hatched broods,as they are in poor body *** predictions of the TCH are that immune capacity is lower in smaller nestlings than in larger ones and that parasites should provoke a more negative effect on smaller ***,we test these predictions in a population of Blue Tits(Cyanistes caeruleus)whose broods are parasitised by Hen Fleas(Ceratophyllus gallinae)and Blowflies(Protocalliphora azurea).We recorded the presence of both ectoparasites and analysed the immunocompetence(number of leucocytes per 10,000 erythrocytes and cutaneous immune response to phytohaemagglutinin)and body condition of smaller and larger nestlings within individual *** leucocyte count was higher in smaller nestlings than in larger ones,whereas the cutaneous immune response did not differ between smaller and larger *** nestlings,but not larger nestlings,had lower body mass when fleas were ***,by contrast,had no detectable negative effect on ***,our findings provide partial support to the *** immune capacity in smaller nestlings than in larger ones was not supported,but Hen Fleas seemed to negatively impact on smaller nestlings more than on larger ones.

关键词： Blowflies Blue tit Cyanistes caeruelus Ectoparasites Hen fleas Immunocompetence Tasty Chick Hypothesis

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Some facets of the Mg/Na_(3)VCr_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3) battery

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 469-473页

作者： gregorio F.Ortiz Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information DisplaysCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China

Magnesium rechargeable batteries(MRBs)present opportunities for grid-scale energy storage applications as a complement to Li-ion batteries(LIBS).The major challenges are the low reversible capacity,inferior cycling stability and unsatisfactory energy ***_(3)VCr_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3) with a well-defined NASIONtype structure is used as cathode in Mg ***-electrons reaction(~116 m Ah/g),1.5 V average voltage and 65%of capacity retention over 100 cycles are *** is inserted by a biphasic reaction with the participation of V3+/V4+/V5+redox couples in the electrochemical reaction while the non-active redox couples such as Cr^(3+)/Cr^(4+)and Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)served as stabilizer to buffer the volume variation.A thermal stability up to~412℃ is also ***,incorporating a mixture of three transition metal(V/Cr/Fe)in this type of structures will broaden new perspectives for realizing high performance cathodes for MRBs.

关键词： Multi-electron reaction Mg batteries NASICON Na_(3)VCr_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3) Ironand chromium doping

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Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection after cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1531-1537页

作者： María Luisa Manzano-Alonso gregorio Castellano-Tortajada Department of Gastroenterology Hospital 12 de OctubreAv Andalucia28041 MadridSpain

Reactivation of hepatitis B is defined as the recurrence or an abrupt rise in hepatitis B virus(HBV) replication,often accompanied by an increase in serum transaminase levels,and both events occurring in a patient with a previous inactive hepatitis B *** reactivation can occur in situations in which the ratio of HBV replication and immune response is *** can happen during the treatment of hemato-oncological malignancies with chemotherapy and in immunosuppression of autoimmune *** manifestations of hepatitis B reactivation are variable and can range from asymptomatic to acute hepatitis,which are sometimes serious and result in acute liver failure with risk of death,and usually occur in the periods between cycles or at the end of *** drugs such as corticosteroids or azathioprine can induce HBV reactivation in patients carrying hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg) or anti-HBc,but much less frequently than chemotherapy *** tumor necrosis factorαinhibitors infliximab,etanercept and adalimumab may cause reactivation of hepatitis B,and the overall frequency with infliximab may be similar(50%-66%) to that caused by *** HBV serology is recommended for all patients receiving chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs,and HBsAg positive patients should receive anti-HBV prophylaxis to decrease virus reactivation and death rates.

关键词： Hepatitis B Immune response Immunosuppression Reactivation

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A Script-Based Prototyping Framework to Boost Agile-UX Developments

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第6期31卷 1246-1261页

作者： Pedro Luis Mateo Navarro gregorio Martinez Perez Diego Sevilla Ruiz Catedra Sociedad Anonima de Electrdnica Submarina ( SAES) Laboratories University of Murcia Murcia 30100 Spain

Prototypes are described as a successful mechanism to incorporate user-experience design （UX） into Agile de- velopments, but their integration into such developments is not exempt from difficulties. Prototypes and final applications are often developed using different tools, which hinders the collaboration between designers and developers and also compli- cates reuse. Moreover, integrating stakeholders such as clients and users into the Agile process of designing, evaluating, and refining a prototype is not straightforward mainly because of its iterative nature. In an attempt to tackle these problems, this work presents the design and implementation of a new framework in which scripting languages are used to code prototyped behaviors. Prototyping is then treated as a separate aspect that coexists and runs together with final functionality. Using this framework communication is enhanced because designers and developers work in parallel on the same software artifact. Prototypes are fully reused and iteratively added with final functionality while prototyped behaviors are removed. They can be also modified on the fly to implement participatory design techniques.

关键词： prototype Agile development aspect-oriented development scripting language participatory design

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Nonlinear dynamics of the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode in burning plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 1-16页

作者：王涛魏士朝 Sergio BRIGUGLIO gregorio VLAD Fulvio ZONCA 仇志勇 Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation and School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Center for Nonlinear Plasma Science ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy

In a tokamak fusion reactor operated at steady state,the equilibrium magnetic field is likely to have reversed shear in the core region,as the noninductive bootstrap current profile generally peaks *** reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode(RSAE)as a unique branch of the shear Alfvén wave in this equilibrium,can exist with a broad spectrum in wavenumber and frequency,and be resonantly driven unstable by energetic particles(EP).After briefly discussing the RSAE linear properties in burning plasma condition,we review several key topics of the nonlinear dynamics for the RSAE through both wave-EP resonance and wave-wave coupling channels,and illustrate their potentially important role in reactor-scale fusion *** means of simplified hybrid MHD-kinetic simulations,the RSAEs are shown to have typically broad phase space resonance structure with both circulating and trapped EP,as results of weak/vanishing magnetic shear and relatively low *** the route of wave-EP nonlinearity,the dominant saturation mechanism is mainly due to the transported resonant EP radially decoupling with the localized RSAE mode structure,and the resultant EP transport generally has a convective *** saturated RSAEs also undergo various nonlinear couplings with other collective *** typical routes as parametric decay and modulational instability are studied using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory,and applied to the scenario of spontaneous excitation by a finite amplitude pump *** RSAEs could naturally couple and induce the spectral energy cascade into a low frequency Alfvénic mode,which may effectively transfer the EP energy to fuel ions via collisionless Landau ***,zero frequency zonal field structure could be spontaneously excited by modulation of the pump RSAE envelope,and may also lead to saturation of the pump RSAE by both scattering into stable domain and local distortion of the continuum structure.

关键词： reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode energetic particle nonlinear gyrokinetic theory saturation burning plasma

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