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Exploring the Potential Impacts of Climate Variability on spring Wheat Yield with the APsIM Decision support Tool

Agricultural sciences 2015年第7期6卷 686-698页

作者： Louis Kouadio Nathaniel Newlands Andries Potgieter greg McLean Harvey Hill International Centre for Applied Climate sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia science and Technology (s & T) Environmental Health Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Lethbridge Research Centre Lethbridge Canada Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland Toowoomba Australia Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Toowoomba Australia National Agroclimate Information service S & T-AAFC Saskatoon Canada

Assessing the impacts of climate variability on agricultural productivity at regional, national or global scale is essential for defining adaptation and mitigation strategies. We explore in this study the potential changes in spring wheat yields at swift Current and Melfort, Canada, for different sowing windows under projected climate scenarios (i.e., the representative concentration pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). First, the APsIM model was calibrated and evaluated at the study sites using data from long term experimental field plots. Then, the impacts of change in sowing dates on final yield were assessed over the 2030-2099 period with a 1990-2009 baseline period of observed yield data, assuming that other crop management practices remained unchanged. Results showed that the performance of APsIM was quite satisfactory with an index of agreement of 0.80, R2 of 0.54, and mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMsE) of 529 kg/ha and 1023 kg/ha, respectively (MAE = 476 kg/ha and RMsE = 684 kg/ha in calibration phase). Under the projected climate conditions, a general trend in yield loss was observed regardless of the sowing window, with a range from ?-24% to -94% depending on the site and the RCP, and noticeable losses during the 2060s and beyond (increasing CO2 effects being excluded). smallest yield losses obtained through earlier possible sowing date (i.e., mid-April) under the projected future climate suggested that this option might be explored for mitigating possible adverse impacts of climate variability. Our findings could therefore serve as a basis for using APsIM as a decision support tool for adaptation/mitigation options under potential climate variability within Western Canada.

关键词： Climate Variability APsIM Crop Modelling spring Wheat

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Measuring free tissue sulfide

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 360-365页

作者： Abel Damien Ang Andreas Konigstorfer greg Ian Giles Madhav Bhatia Deptartment of Pathology University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Deptartment of Pharmacology & Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

Hydrogen sulfide is synthesized endogenously in mammals and has been shown to have both physiological and pathological functions. so far there has been little agreement as to the actual levels of endogenous sulfide under physiological or pathological conditions;this is partly due to the complexity involved in measuring free sulfides due to H2s volatility, oxidation, reactivity and the presence of bound labile sulfur in tissues. In this report we describe a method of measuring free tissue sulfides using a zinc sulfide precipitation and wash method. It is an indirect method that measures the sulfide difference between samples prepared at pH 9 and pH 6, assuming that at pH 9 free sulfides would be retained in solution, while at pH 6 free sulfides would volatilize during sample preparation. Using this approach we were able to measure appreciable amounts of free sulfides in mouse: lung, pancreas, liver and kidney at 0.036 + 0.006, 0.082 + 0.009, 0.215 + 0.016 and 0.323 + 0.031 nmole per mg of tissue respectively (n = 6).

关键词： Free sulfide Measuring Tissue sulfide H2s

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FTY720,a sphingosine analog,altered placentome histoarchitecture in ewes

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 380-392页

作者： Kathrin A.Dunlap Bryan G.White David W.Erikson M.Carey satterfield Christiane Pfarrer Guoyao Wu Fuller W.Bazer Robert C.Burghardt Kayla J.Bayless greg A.Johnson Department of Animal science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Okanagan College salmon Arm Campus Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCanada Endocrine Technologies Core Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health&Science UniversityBeavertonORUSA Department of Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverBischofsholer Damm 1530173 HannoverGermany Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:The lysosphingolipid,sphingosine-1-phosphate,is a well-described and potent pro-angiogenic ***,as well as the sphingosine phosphorylating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1,are expressed in the placentomes of sheep and the decidua of rodents;however,a function for this signaling pathway during pregnancy has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate promoted angiogenesis within the placentomes of pregnant *** were given daily jugular injections of FTY720(2-amino-2[2-(−4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propate-1,3-diol hydrochloride),an s1P ***:FTY720 infusion from days 30 to 60 of pregnancy did not alter maternal organ weights nor total number or mass of placentomes,but did alter placentome *** of caruncular crypts and cotyledonary villi was decreased,as was the relative area of cotyledonary tissue within ***,the percentage of area occupied by cotyledonary villi per unit of placentome was increased,while the thickness of the caruncular capsule was decreased in ewes treated with ***,FTY720 infusion decreased the number and density of blood vessels within caruncular tissue near the placentome capsule where the crypts emerge from the ***,FTY720 infusion decreased asparagine and glutamine in amniotic fluid and methionine in allantoic fluid,and decreased the crown rump length of day 60 ***:While members of the sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway have been characterized within the uteri and placentae of sheep and mice,the present study uses FTY720 to address the influence of s1P signaling on placental *** present evidence that modulation of the s1P signaling pathway results in the alteration of caruncular vasculature,placentome architecture,abundance of amino acids in allantoic and amniotic fluids,and fetal growth during pregnancy in *** marked morphological changes in placentome histoarchitec

关键词： Placentome Pregnancy sheep sphingosine1 phosphate(s1P)

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Estrogen enhances female small intestine epithelial organoid regeneration

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2019年第1期2卷 9-15页

作者： greg s.Lee Alexander s.Cody Kent C.Johnson Helong Zhao shannon J.Odelberg Dean Y.Li Weiquan Zhu Program in Molecular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Pathology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Promoting intestinal epithelial regeneration remains a major medical *** patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are less likely to have upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers than *** a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory druginduced intestinal damage mouse model,we verified that female mice recover faster than males following acute intestinal *** ex vivo intestinal organoid cultures,we showed that estrogen is necessary and sufficient in enhancing the female organoid formation from breached isolated crypts via the estrogen receptor b ***,estrogen promotes female intestinal epithelial organoid regeneration to lower the incidence of intestinal bleeding and *** studies were approved by University of Utah IACUC under protocol number 16-05012 and 18-02010.

关键词： estrogen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regeneration small bowel stem cells upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: A review

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2021年第3期7卷 166-173页

作者： Alicia Wang Kalpana Manthiram Fatma Dedeoglu greg R.Licameli Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMAUSA National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Division of Immunology Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMAUSA Harvard Medical school BostonMAUSA

Periodic fever,aphthous stomatitis,pharyngitis,and adenitis(PFAPA)syndrome is the most common periodic fever condition in children,with most cases appearing by the age of *** PFAPA is generally a self-limited condition,it can have a major impact on a child’s quality of life,as well as that of their *** research has continued to shed light on the genetic and immunologic factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of *** also exists significant heterogeneity in treatment strategies,and progress has been made to develop evidence-based management strategies and establish a standard of *** review will outline current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of PFAPA,as well as treatment strategies and our clinical experience.

关键词： PFAPA Periodic fever Recurrent fever

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Effect of Carboxyamidotriazole Orotate, a Modulator of Calcium-Dependent signaling Pathways, on Advanced solid Tumors

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第4期6卷 322-333页

作者： Matthew H. Taylor Alan sandler Walter J. Urba Antonio M. P. Omuro greg s. Gorman Rashida A. Karmali Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA Genentech San Francisco CA USA Earle A Chiles Research Institute Providence Cancer Center Portland OR USA Memorial sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA samford University Birmingham AL USA Tactical Therapeutics Inc. New York NY USA

Pre-clinical studies suggest carboxyamidotriazole orotate (CTO) demonstrates anti-tumor activity through modulation of multiple tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. We determined the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, maximum tolerated dose, and recommended Phase II dose of CTO monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. In this first-in-human Phase I clinical trial, eligible patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled to receive a once-daily dose of CTO following a standard 3 + 3 Phase I design (starting at 50 mg/m2/day) with dose escalations of 30% - 100%. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined in the first cycle of treatment. Measurable disease and response were defined by RECIsT version 1.1. Forty-four patients were evaluable for safety. CTO-related grade 3 toxicities included diarrhea (2.5%), fatigue (5.0%), lymphopenia (2.5%) and transient creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation (2.5%). There were no grade 4 or 5 toxicities. steady state plasma levels of CAI (CTO metabolite) were achieved by day 12 with a half life estimate of 55 hr. Although no objective response rates were observed, nine patients with rapidly progressive and treatment-refractory tumors achieved stable disease (sD) durable for up to 14 months. The maximum tolerated dose for CTO alone was 427 mg/m2/day. The dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 fatigue. CTO is orally bioavailable, safe, well tolerated and produces disease stabilization in a broad range of heavily treated refractory tumors. Combination trials of CTO with other antineoplastic agents are ongoing.

关键词： CTO safety Ca-Dependent signaling Pathways

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Increased 5-HT3-mediated signalling in pelvic afferent neurons from mice deficient in P2X2 and/or P2X3 receptor subunits

Increased 5-HT3-mediated signalling in pelvic afferent neuro...

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中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： greg Wynn Philp M. Dunn Geoffrey Burnstock Autonomic Neuroscience Institute Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Royal Free and University College Medical SchoolRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PF Autonomic Neuroscience Institute Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Royal Free and University College Medical SchoolRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PF Autonomic Neuroscience Institute Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Royal Free and University College Medical SchoolRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PF

＜正＞Previous evidence suggests that extracellular ATP and 5-HT are both involved in visceral sensitivity by interacting with P2X and 5-HT3 receptors, respectively. In the current study, we investigated the changes in P2X and 5-HT3-mediated signalling in pelvic afferent neurons in mice deficient in P2X2 and/or P2X3 subunits by whole-cell recording of L6-s2 dorsal root ganglion neurons and by multiunit recording of pelvic afferents of the colorectum. In wild type DRG neurons, ATP evoked transient, sustained or mixed （biphasic） inward currents. Transient current was absent in P2X3-/- neurons, whereas sustained current was absent in P2X2-/- DRG neurons. Neither transient nor sustained currents were observed following application of ATP or αβ-meATP in P2X2/3Dbl-/-DRG neurons. 5-HT was found to

关键词： P2X receptors ATP 5-HT dorsal root ganglion pelvic afferents colorectum

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Chronic exposure to ethanol causes steatosis and inflammation in zebrafish liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第8期9卷 418-426页

作者： Ana Claudia Reis schneider Cleandra gregório Carolina Uribe-Cruz Ranieli Guizzo Tais Malysz Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser Larisse Longo Themis Reverbel da silveira La-boratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Programa de Pós- Graduacao em Ciências Médicas Gastroenterologia e HepatologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Genética e Biologia Molecular(UFRGs) Instituto de Ciências Básicas da saúde(UFRGs) Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas(UFRGs) Centro de Microscopia Eletronica(UFRGs)

AIM To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to ethanol in the liver and the expression of inflammatory genesin *** Zebrafish(n = 104),wild type,adult,male and female,were divided into two groups:Control and ethanol(0.05 v/v).The ethanol was directly added into water;tanks water were changed every two days and the ethanol *** animals were fed twice a day with fish food until *** two and four weeks of trial,livers were dissected,histological analysis(hematoxilineosin and Oil Red staining) and gene expression assessment of adiponectin,adiponectin receptor 2(adipor2),sirtuin-1(sirt-1),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-a),interleukin-1b(il-1b) and interleukin-10(il-10) were *** evaluations were conducted at fourth *** Exposing zebrafish to 0.5% ethanol developed intense liver steatosis after four weeks,as demonstrated by oil red *** ethanol-treated animals,the main ultrastructural changes were related to cytoplasmic lipid particles and droplets,increased number of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and glycogen *** two and four weeks,hepatic mR NA expression of il-1b,sirt-1 and adipor2 were upregulated,indicating that ethanol triggered signaling molecules which are key elements in both hepatic inflammatory and protective *** was not detected in the liver of animals exposed and not exposed to ethanol,and il-10 did not show significant *** Data suggest that inflammatory signaling and ultrastructural alterations play a significant role during hepatic steatosis in zebrafish chronically exposed to ethanol.

关键词： Ethanol Hepatic steatosis Inflammation Zebrafish Alcoholic fatty liver

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Effects of selective Biotinylation on the Thermodynamic stability of Human serum Albumin

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2016年第1期7卷 9-29页

作者： Huyen Hoang Fidelis Manyanga Moshood K. Morakinyo Vincent Pinkert Ferdous sarwary Daniel J. Fish greg P. Brewood Albert s. Benight Department of Chemistry Portland State University Portland USA Louisville Bioscience Inc. Louisville USA Department of Chemistry and Physics Salem State University Salem USA Portland Technology Development Intel Corporation Hillsboro USA Department of Mathematics Portland State University Portland USA Department of Physics Portland State University Portland USA

Thermal denaturation and stability of two commercially available preparations of Human serum Albumin (HsA), differing in their advertised level of purity, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DsC). These protein samples were 99% pure HsA (termed HsAsub>99sub>) and 96% pure HsA (termed HsAsub>96sub>). According to the supplier, the 3% difference in purity between HsAsub>96sub> and HsAsub>99sub> is primarily attributed to the presence of globulins and fatty acids. Our primary aim was to investigate the utility of DsC in discerning changes in HsA that occur when the protein is specifically adducted, and determine how adduct formation manifests itself in HsA denaturation curves, or thermograms, measured by DsC. Effects of site specific covalent attachment of biotin (the adduct) on the thermodynamic stability of HsA were investigated. Each of the HsA preparations was modified by biotinylation targeting a single site, or multiple sites on the protein structure. Thermograms of both modified and unmodified HsA samples successfully demonstrated the ability of DsC to clearly discern the two HsA preparations and the presence or absence of covalent modifications. DsC thermogram analysis also provided thermodynamic characterization of the different HsA samples of the study, which provided insight into how the two forms of HsA respond to covalent modification with biotin. Consistent with published studies [1] HsAsub>96sub>, the preparation with contaminants that contain globulins and fatty acids seems to be comprised of two forms, HsAsub>96-Lsub> and HsAsub>96-Hsub>, with HsAsub>96-Lsub> more stable than HsAsub>99sub>. The effect of multisite biotinylation is to stabilize HsAsub>96-Lsub> and destabilize HsAsub>96-Hsub>. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the binding of ligands comprising the fatty acid and globulin-like contaminant contributes approximately 6.7 kcal/mol to the stability HsAsub>96-Lsub>.

关键词： Human serum Albumin (HsA) Differential scanning Calorimetryl (DsC) Protein Thermodynamic stability and Thermal Denaturation

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Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>L.) with 2,4-D Followed by Pre-Emergence or Post-Emergence Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2289-2297页

作者： Amit J. Jhala Lowell D. sandell greg R. Kruger Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA West Central Research and Extension Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln North Platte Nebraska USA

Control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed is a challenge, particularly for soybean growers, because of limited effective post-emergence (POsT) herbicide options. Many soybean growers in no-till production systems use 2,4-D in burndown application for control of broadleaf weeds, including giant ragweed. Field experiments were conducted at David City, NE, in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate 2,4-D followed by PRE or POsT herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Results suggested that burndown application of 2,4-D or saflufenacil plus imazethapyr resulted in 89 to 99% control of giant ragweed at 21 days after treatment. Burndown-only treatments of s-metolachlor plus metribuzin or sulfentrazone plus cloransulam resulted in poor control (≤65%) of giant ragweed and reduced soybean yield (≤ 577 kg·ha-1). Burndown application of 2,4-D followed by saflufenacil plus imazethapyr, s-metolachlor plus metribuzin, or sulfentrazone plus cloransulam applied pre-emergence (PRE) or cloransulam, chlorimuron, fomesafen, imazethapyr, or lactofen in tank-mixtures with acetochlor applied POsT resulted in 87% to 99% giant ragweed control, reduced density to ≤7 plants m-2, and resulted in soybean yield from 2519 to 3823 kg·ha-1. There was no difference among and between 2,4-D followed by PRE or POsT herbicides for giant ragweed control, density, or soybean yield, indicating all the two pass herbicide programs were effective. It is concluded that glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed can be effectively controlled in soybean by including 2,4-D in burndown program followed by PRE or POsT herbicides tested in this study.

关键词： Corn Burndown Giant Ragweed Biomass Post-Emergence Pre-Emergence Resistance Management

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