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Improving photochemical indicators for attributing ozone sensitivities in source apportionment analysis

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 235-246页

作者： Xiaohui Du Wei Tang Zhongzhi Zhang Yang Yu Yang Li Ling Huang greg Yarwood Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100857China Asia Center for Air Pollution Research United Nations Environment Programme Asia and the Pacific OfficeNishi-kuNiigata-shi 9502144Japan School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Ramboll NovatoCalifornia 94945USA

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx)-Decoupled Direct Method(DDM)simulations of first-order ozone(O_(3))sensitivity to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions were performed and combined with modelled P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O_(3)-sensitivity regimes for different areas of China.Utilising the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators,the method for determining O_(3)formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT)module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio.The O_(3)concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO_(x)and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio and first-order O_(3)sensitivity.The source contributions of O_(3)concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved CAMx-OSAT.The results showed that the O_(3)concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO_(x)-limited regime,with a maximum decrease of 21.89%,while the contributions increased by up to 7.57%in the VOC-limited regime,and were within 15μg/m^(3)in the transition regime.The modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O_(3)to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O_(3)pollution control policy.

关键词： O_(3) modeling O_(3)-sensitivity regimes Ozone source apportionment technology Photochemical indicators

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Surgical management of the diabetic foot:The current evidence

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 404-417页

作者： Richard Henry Randall Roberts Gareth Rhys Davies-Jones James Brock Vaishnav Satheesh greg AJ Robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications,particularly diabetic foot pathologies,poses significant healthcare challenges and economic burdens globally.This review synthesises current evidence on the surgical management of the diabetic foot,focusing on the interplay between neuropathy,ischemia,and infection that commonly culminates in ulcers,infections,and,in severe cases,amputations.The escalating incidence of diabetes mellitus underscores the urgency for effective management strategies,as diabetic foot complications are a leading cause of hospital admissions among diabetic patients,significantly impacting morbidity and mortality rates.This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic foot complications and further examines diabetic foot ulcers,infections,and skeletal pathologies such as Charcot arthropathy,emphasising the critical role of early diagnosis,comprehensive management strategies,and interdisciplinary care in mitigating adverse outcomes.In addressing surgical interventions,this review evaluates conservative surgeries,amputations,and reconstructive procedures,highlighting the importance of tailored approaches based on individual patient profiles and the specific characteristics of foot pathologies.The integration of advanced diagnostic tools,novel surgical techniques,and postoperative care,including offloading and infection control,are discussed in the context of optimising healing and preserving limb function.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic foot Charcot Osteomyelitis Amputation Diabetic foot attack Conservative surgery

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青少年抑郁个体化识别与干预的三级框架

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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 867-871页

作者：周媛陈旭古若雷项玉涛 greg Hajcak 王刚 Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders&National Center for Mental DisordersBeijing Anding HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100088China CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Unit of Psychiatry Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration&Institute of Translational MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences University of MacaoMacao 999078China School of Education and Counseling Psychology Santa Clara UniversitySanta Clara CA 95053USA Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Depression in adolescents is a significant public health challenge with a high prevalence and negative outcomes.In the United States,the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of major depressive disorder(MDD)among 13-to 18-year-olds were 11.0%and 7.5%,respectively,prior to COVID-19.The COVID-19pandemic has further exacerbated the global trend of increasing rates of adolescent depression.

关键词： prevalence adolescent lifetime

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Exploring the effects of coronary artery disease as a preexisting comorbidity on mortality in hospitalized septic patients:a retrospective observation study

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Anmol Multani greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade Robert D.Arnce College of Osteopathic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Data Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA Department of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Background:Sepsis has high prevalence and mortality rate,and it is imperative to identify populations at risk of poor sepsis outcomes.Septic patients with preexisting chronic comorbidities are shown to have worse sepsis outcomes.By identifying comorbidities with greater influence on sepsis progression,we can direct limited resources to septic patients with comorbidities and reduce health care costs.Chronic comorbidities can impact the risk of developing sepsis and having worse outcomes.Coronary artery disease(CAD)is a common comorbidity,especially in the elderly,and a leading cause of death globally.We wished to investigate the influence of CAD as a comorbidity on sepsis and hypothesized that preexisting CAD would increase mortality in hospitalized septic patients.Methods:We conducted retrospective observational study using patient data from Freeman Health System in Joplin,MO.We analyzed patient records from Freeman Health System database from January 1,2019,to June 30,2020.Septic patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision sepsis codes.To identify septic patients with preexisting CAD,we used International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision codes for CAD.We compared mortality rates for septic patients with and without CAD.Results:Two-sample proportion test was conducted to test the difference in mortality between septic patients with and without preexisting CAD.The difference in mortality for the total population was−0.016(P=0.553).In the male and female subgroups,the differences in mortality were 0.0122(P=0.739)and−0.0511(P=0.208),respectively.The differences in mortality in patients aged 40 to 64 years and 65 years and older were−0.0077(P=0.870)and 0.0007(P=0.983),respectively.The statistical tests failed to find significant differences when comparing septic patients with and without preexisting CAD.There was no significant difference in the age and sex subgroups.Conclusion:Our study showed that CAD alone was not associated with higher mortality due to sepsi

关键词： Comorbidity Coronary artery disease Inflammation Mortality rate in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

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Physician-Rated Utility of Procedure Videos for Teaching Procedures in the Emergency Department, Overall and during Emergency Department Crowding

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第7期3卷 758-764页

作者： Clare L. Atzema R. Alexandra Stefan Refik Saskin greg michlik Peter C. Austin Department of Emergency Services Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Canada Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto Canada

Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department improves the quality of teaching of procedures, and whether videos are particularly beneficial during periods of emergency department crowding. Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, before and after study standardized data collection forms were completed by both trainees and supervising emergency physicians (EPs) at the end of each emergency department shift in the before (August 2008-March 2009) and after (August 2009-March 2010) phase. Online procedure videos were introduced on emergency department computers in the after phase. The primary outcome measure was EP rating of the quality of teaching provided (5-point Likert scale). The interaction between crowding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a specific additional benefit during periods of emergency department crowding. Results: There were 1159 procedures performed by 192 trainees. Median procedures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teaching provided was significantly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings increased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a score of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interaction of crowding and procedure videos was not significant (the use of videos increased the average score by 0.24 in times of crowding compared to times of non-crowding, p = 0.19). Conclusions: Use of procedural videos was associated with EP perception of improved quality of teaching provided around procedures. While EPs rated the quality of their teaching as improved overall, the effect of videos on teaching quality was the same in crowded settings as it was in non-crowded setting.

关键词： Teaching Education Procedures Emergency Department Video

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匈牙利佩奇大学与北京林业大学的环境设计类教育比较分析及启示

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中国林业教育 2024年第1期42卷 39-45页

作者：赵大鹏 Hutter Akos greg Andras 北京林业大学艺术设计学院北京100083 佩奇大学工程与信息技术学院匈牙利佩奇7624

佩奇大学是匈牙利颇具影响力的高校,在环境设计类教育领域经验丰富、成果突出。其建筑系与北京林业大学环境设计系在学科定位、办学和发展理念等层面存在诸多相似之处,有一定的可比性。以佩奇大学建筑系教育项目和北京林业大学环境设计... 详细信息

佩奇大学是匈牙利颇具影响力的高校,在环境设计类教育领域经验丰富、成果突出。其建筑系与北京林业大学环境设计系在学科定位、办学和发展理念等层面存在诸多相似之处,有一定的可比性。以佩奇大学建筑系教育项目和北京林业大学环境设计专业为研究对象,对环境设计类教育进行比较分析发现:①在教学理念方面,前者重点强调文化传承和专业实践;后者从生态、可持续的视角切入,重点关注绿色设计、生态宜居等,强调以绿色生态理念为主、多种方向并行。②在课程设置方面,前者以建筑设计为主线,注重专业化、职业化,强调与实践紧密联系;后者涉及内容丰富,覆盖的知识面宽,横向拓展性强,具有综合化、多样化的特点,但存在知识深度不够、技术层面的内容不足且落地性较差等问题。③在教学组织方面,前者实行导师组负责制和小组授课,有利于促进师生间的相互交流和了解;后者以分班制方式进行大班授课,各班级学生学习的同一类型室内或景观设计课程通常由不同的任课教师负责组织教学。这一相互独立的平行授课模式虽然带给学生多元的思维方法和设计成果,但也造成师生和生生间的交流机会少且不深入以及相互了解的渠道较窄等问题。④在教学效果方面,从课程作业质量和个人发展能力这2个评价教学效果和质量的重要参考指标看,前者培养的学生设计能力和研究能力较强,富有创新性,设计完成度高、落地性较强,无论是进入职场还是继续深造都取得了丰厚的成果;后者培养的学生设计能力较强但研究能力相对较弱,设计作品特色显著但设计的完成深度和推理的严谨性等存在不足,以从事环境设计或相关实践工作为主,并在业内获得较高声望。通过比较分析,两校在环境设计类教育教学方面各具特点,各有各的优势和不足。以此为启示,对中国环境设计类教育的发展进行了深入思考,并提出相应的建议措施。一是在坚守自身特色的前提下,优化课程设置,使学生在初步建构起专业学理框架的基础上能扎实、系统地掌握某一专业分支领域的知识。二是明确教育理念,主动调整设计的使命、角色和方法;完善教学过程,注重理论联系实际,强化校企联合,探索能够有效发挥每位教师之擅长的教学模式。三是改进教学方法,重构学生的学习过程;加强对外交流,培养学生的全球化意识。

关键词：匈牙利佩奇大学北京林业大学环境设计类教育教学理念课程设置教学过程教学效果比较研究

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磁体升级助力fMRI探测神经元簇

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科技纵览 2024年第3期 12-13页

作者： greg Uyeno 不详

神经科学正在向高清晰度发展。研究人员实现了一系列技术改进,极大地提高了功能性磁共振成像仪器(fMR)的空间分辨率。得益于这种技术进展,fMRI成像体素(3D像素)的每边长不到0.5毫米。这些精细粒度的体素突破了人脑结构的一个相对重要的... 详细信息

神经科学正在向高清晰度发展。研究人员实现了一系列技术改进,极大地提高了功能性磁共振成像仪器(fMR)的空间分辨率。得益于这种技术进展,fMRI成像体素(3D像素)的每边长不到0.5毫米。这些精细粒度的体素突破了人脑结构的一个相对重要的阈值,可大致达到神经元功能簇的级别。

关键词：功能性磁共振成像神经元功能神经科学体素空间分辨率高清晰度 fMRI

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Return to sport following toe phalanx fractures:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第6期14卷 471-484页

作者： greg A J Robertson Amit Sinha Thomas Hodkinson Togay Koç Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Queen Alexandra HospitalPortsmouth PO63LYUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Wales DeaneryCardiff CF157QQUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustHull HU32JZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Evidence-based guidance on return to sport following toe phalanx fractures is limited.AIM To systemically review all studies recording return to sport following toe phalanx fractures(both acute fractures and stress fractures),and to collate information on return rates to sport(RRS)and mean return times(RTS)to the sport.METHODS A systematic search of PubMed,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,Physiotherapy Evidence Database,and Google Scholar was performed in December 2022 using the keywords‘Toe’,‘Phalanx’,‘Fracture’,‘injury’,‘athletes’,‘sports’,‘non-operative’,‘conservative’,‘operative’,‘return to sport’.All studies which recorded RRS and RTS following toe phalanx fractures were included.RESULTS Thirteen studies were included:one retrospective cohort study and twelve case series.Seven studies reported on acute fractures.Six studies reported on stress fractures.For the acute fractures(n=156),63 were treated with primary conservative management(PCM),6 with primary surgical management(PSM)(all displaced intra-articular(physeal)fractures of the great toe base of the proximal phalanx),1 with secondary surgical management(SSM)and 87 did not specify treatment modality.For the stress fractures(n=26),23 were treated with PCM,3 with PSM,and 6 with SSM.For acute fractures,RRS with PCM ranged from 0 to 100%,and RTS with PCM ranged from 1.2 to 24 wk.For acute fractures,RRS with PSM were all 100%,and RTS with PSM ranged from 12 to 24 wk.One case of an undisplaced intra-articular(physeal)fracture treated conservatively required conversion to SSM on refracture with a return to sport.For stress fractures,RRS with PCM ranged from 0%to 100%,and RTS with PCM ranged from 5 to 10 wk.For stress fractures,RRS with PSM were all 100%,and RTS with surgical management ranged from 10 to 16 wk.Six cases of conservatively-managed stress fractures required conversion to SSM.Two of these cases were associated with a prolonged delay to diagnosis(1 year,2 years)and four cases with an underlying deformity[hallux valgus(n=3),claw toe(n

关键词： Acute Stress Fracture Toe Phalanx Return Sport Rate Time

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Inferring topological transitions in pattern-forming processes with self-supervised learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1970-1981页

作者： Marcin Abram Keith Burghardt greg Ver Steeg Aram Galstyan Remi Dingreville Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA Information Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCA90292USA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Nanostructure Physics DepartmentSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA

The identification of transitions in pattern-forming processes are critical to understand and fabricate microstructurally precise materials in many application domains.While supervised methods can be useful to identify transition regimes,they need labels,which require prior knowledge of order parameters or relevant microstructures describing these transitions.Instead,we develop a self-supervised,neural-network-based approach that does not require predefined labels about microstructure classes to predict process parameters from observed microstructures.We show that assessing the difficulty of solving this inverse problem can be used to uncover microstructural transitions.We demonstrate our approach by automatically discovering microstructural transitions in two distinct pattern-forming processes:the spinodal decomposition of a two-phase mixture and the formation of binary-alloy microstructures during physical vapor deposition of thin films.This approach opens a path forward for discovering unseen or hard-to-discern transitions and ultimately controlling complex pattern-forming processes.

关键词： alloy microstructure transitions

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Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista greg S.Baxter Nicholas J.Hudson Peter J.Murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation

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