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Heritability estimates for seed yield and its components in Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers.

Grass Research 2022年第1期2卷 48-53页

作者： Chengcheng Tan Yanqi Wu Charles M.Taliaferro greg e.bell Dennis L.Martin Mike W.Smith Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Oklahoma Department of Agriculture Food and Forestry2800 N.Lincoln Blvd.Oklahoma CityOK 73105USA Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Bermudagrass[Cynodon dactylon ***(L.)Pers.]is a major warm-season turf and forage grass *** yield is an important trait targeted for improvement in bermudagrass breeding programs because of the increased interest in seed-propagated *** the nature of genetic variation for seed yield and its components in bermudagrass would aid the development of seed-propagated *** objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variation and narrow-sense heritability for seed yield and its two major components,inflorescences prolificacy and seed set percentage in ***-five half-sib families and their respective clonal parents were evaluated at two Oklahoma locations,Perkins and Stillwater(Oklahoma,USA),over two ***-sib families were different for seed yield,inflorescences prolificacy and seed set percentage,indicating the expression of additive genes in controlling these ***×location effects were observed for seed set percentage and seed *** three traits showed family×year interaction *** was a significant family×location×year interaction in inflorescences prolificacy and seed set ***-sense heritability estimates for seed yield was 0.18 based on variance component analysis among half-sib families and ranged from 0.26 to 0.68 based on parent-offspring regressions,indicating genetic complexity of seed *** estimates were moderate(0.30−0.55)for inflorescences prolificacy and moderate to relatively high(0.41−0.78)for seed set *** results indicate that sufficient magnitudes of additive genetic variation for seed set percentage and inflorescence prolificacy permit positive response to selection and conventional progeny-based genotypic evaluation is necessary for seed yield ***:Tan C,Wu Y,Taliaferro CM,bell Ge,Martin DL,et *** estimates for seed yield and its components in Cynodon dactylon var.

关键词： dactylon cultivar breeding

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Conceptus elongation in ruminants: roles of progesterone, prostaglandin, interferon tau and cortisol

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 151-162页

作者： Kelsey Brooks greg Burns Thomas e Spencer Department of Animal Science and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State University

The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the first three weeks after conception, particularly during the period of conceptus elongation that occurs prior to pregnancy recognition and implantation. This review integrates established and new information on the biological role of ovarian progesterone （P4）, prostaglandins （PGs）, interferon tau （IFNT） and cortisol in endometrial function and conceptus elongation. Progesterone is secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum （CL） and is the unequivocal hormone of pregnancy. Prostaglandins （PGs） and cortisol are produced by both the epithelial cells of the endometrium and the trophectoderm of the elongating conceptus. In contrast, IFNT is produced solely by the conceptus trophectoderm and is the maternal recognition of pregnancy signa that inhibits production of luteolytic pulses of PGF2α by the endometrium to maintain the CL and thus production of P4. Available results in sheep support the idea that the individual, interactive, and coordinated actions of P4, PGs, IFNT and cortisol regulate conceptus elongation and implantation by controlling expression of genes in the endometrium and/or trophectoderm. An increased knowledge of conceptus-endometrial interactions during early pregnancy in ruminants is necessary to understand and elucidate the causes of infertility and recurrent early pregnancy loss and provide new strategies to improve fertility and thus reproductive efficiency.

关键词： Conceptus Cortisol endometrium Interferon Prostaqlandin Ruminant

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Fluorine-containing drugs approved by the FDA in 2021

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第1期34卷 29-38页

作者： Jingrui He Ziyi Li Gagan Dhawan Wei Zhang Alexander e.Sorochinsky greg Butler Vadim A.Soloshonok Jianlin Han Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Biomedical Science Acharya Narendra Dev CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110019India Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts BostonBostonMA 02125United States V.P.Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry The National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyiv 02094Ukraine Oakwood Chemical Inc.EstillSC 29918United States Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 San SebastiánSpain IKeRBASQUe Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Bizkaia48013 BilbaoSpain

Nine new fluorine-containing drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in 2021,which are presented in this review *** small molecular drugs feature aromatic fluorine,trifluoromethyl and chlorodifluoro *** therapeutic areas of these fluorine-containing drugs include multiple myeloma,lymphoma,HIV,chronic heart failure,chronic myeloid leukemia,(ANCA)-associated vasculitis,migraines,von Hippel-Lindau disease,and non-small cell lung *** brief biological activities and the synthetic methods have been discussed in this review for each of these nine drugs.

关键词： Fluorine-containing compounds Blockbuster drugs Pharmaceuticals Anti-cancer Drug design and development Asymmetric synthesis

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In situ apatite and carbonate Lu-Hf and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology for ore deposit research:Method validation and example application to Cu-Au mineralisation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 339-354页

作者： Alexander Simpson Stijn Glorie Martin Hand Sarah e.Gilbert Carl Spandler Marija Dmitrijeva greg Swain Angus Nixon Jacob Mulder Carsten Münker Department of earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Mineral exploration Cooperative Research Centre University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Microscopy University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Fortescue Level 287Adelaide TerraceEast PerthWA 6005Australia Institute of Geology und Mineralogy University of Köln50674 KölnGermany British Geological Survey NottinghamUK

The development of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-Q-MS/MS)opens new opportunities to rapidly date a variety of hydrothermal *** we present in situ Lu-Hf and Re-Os dates for hydrothermal apatite and molybdenite,*** further report the first in situ Lu-Hf dates for bastnäsite,dolomite,and siderite,and assess their potential for constraining ore deposit *** method validation,we report isotope-dilution Lu-Hf dates for apatite reference material Bamble-1(1102±5 Ma)and calcite reference material Me-1(1531±7 Ma),enabling improved accuracy on matrix-matched calibration for LA-ICP-MS/MS Lu-Hf *** new methods are applied to the Vulcan Iron-Oxide Copper-Gold(IOCG)prospect in the Olympic Cu-Au Province of South *** deposits have been difficult to accurately date,given the general lack of reliable mineral geochronometers that are cogenetic with IOCG *** apatite Lu-Hf dates and molybdenite Re-Os dates demonstrate that mineralisation at Vulcan largely occurred at ca.1.6 Ga,contemporaneous with the world class Olympic Dam *** data also indicates that the Lu-Hf system in apatite is more robust than the U-Pb system for determining the timing of primary apatite formation in an IOCG *** further demonstrate that dolomite can retain Lu-Hf growth ages over an extended time period(>1.5 billion years),providing constraints on the timing of primary ore mineral crystallisation during brecciation and IOCG ***,late Neoproterozoic(ca.589–544 Ma)and Carboniferous(ca.334±7 Ma)Lu-Hf dates were obtained for texturally late Cubearing carbonate veins,illustrating that the carbonate Lu-Hf method allows direct dating of Cu remobilisation *** has important implications for mineral exploration as the remobilised Cu may have been transferred to younger deposits hosted in Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins overlaying the Olympic IOCG provi

关键词： Reaction-cell ICP-MS In-situ geochronology Lu-Hf Re-Os Iron Oxide Copper Gold Metal fluids

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evaluation of fatty acid metabolism and innate immunity interactions between commercial broiler, F1 layer × broiler cross and commercial layer strains selected for different growth potentials

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 156-166页

作者： Nicky-Lee Willson Rebecca e.A.Forder Rick G.Tearle greg S.Nattrass Robert J.Hughes Philip I.Hynd School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide The Australian Poultry and Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Davies Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of Adelaide South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Livestock and Farming Systems South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Pig and Poultry Production Institute

Background： The broiler industry has undergone intense genetic selection over the past 50 yr. resulting in improvements for growth and feed efficiency, however, significant variation remains for performance and growth traits. Production improvements have been coupled with unfavourable metabolic consequences, including immunological trade-offs for growth, and excess fat deposition. To determine whether interactions between fatty acid（FA） metabolism and innate immunity may be associated with performance variations commonly seen within commercial broiler flocks, total carcass lipid %, carcass and blood FA composition, as wel as genes involved with FA metabolism, immunity and cel ular stress were investigated in male birds of a broiler strain, layer strain and F1 layer × broiler cross at d 14 post hatch. Heterophil：lymphocyte ratios, relative organ weights and bodyweight data were also ***： Broiler bodyweight（n = 12） was four times that of layers（n = 12） by d 14 and had significantly higher carcass fat percentage compared to the cross（n = 6; P = 0.002） and layers（P = 0.017） which were not significantly different from each other（P = 0.523）. The carcass and whole blood FA analysis revealed differences in the FA composition between the three groups indicating altered FA metabolism, despite al being raised on the same diet. Genes associated with FA synthesis andβ-oxidation were upregulated in the broilers compared to the layers indicating a net overal increase in FA metabolism,which may be driven by the larger relative liver size as a percentage of bodyweight in the broilers. Genes involved in innate immunity such as TLR2 and TLR4, as wel as organel e stress indicators eRN1 and XBP1 were found to be nonsignificant, with the exception of high expression levels of XBP1 in layers compared to the cross and broilers. Additional y there was no difference in heterophil： lymphocytes between any of the ***： The results provide evidence that genetic selecti

关键词： Broiler Cel ular stress Fatty acid metabolism Innate immunity Layer Selection

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An empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound： Combining observed and unobserved behavior

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 103-115页

作者： Levin, Phillip S. Horne, Peter Andrews, Kelly S. Williams, greg Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112 USA

Understanding the movement of animals is fundamental to population and community ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to quantify movement patterns of most fishes, but technological advances in acoustic telemetry have increased our abilities to monitor their movement. In this study, we combined small-scale active acoustic tracking with large-scale passive acoustic monitoring to develop an empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget Sound, WA, USA. We began by testing whether a correlated random walk model described the daily movement of sixgills; however, the model failed to capture home-ranging behavior. We added this behavior and used the resultant model （a biased random walk model） to determine whether daily movement patterns are able to explain large-scale seasonal movement. The daily model did not explain the larger-scale pat- terns of movement observed in the passive monitoring data. In order to create the large-scale patterns, sixgills must have per- formed behaviors （large, fast directed movements） that were unobserved during small-scale active tracking. In addition, seasonal shifts in location were not captured by the dally model. We added these ＇unobserved＇ behaviors to the model and were able to capture large-scale seasonal movement of sixgill sharks over 150 days. The development of empirical models of movement al- lows researchers to develop hypotheses and test mechanisms responsible for a species movement behavior and spatial distribution. This knowledge will increase our ability to successfully manage species of concern [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 103-115, 2012].

关键词： Hexanchus griseus Movement Correlated random walk Biased random walk Displacement Movement model

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Huanglongbing:An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 373-387页

作者： John V.da Graca greg W.Douhan Susan e.Halbert Manjunath L.Keremane Richard F.Lee Georgios Vidalakis Hongwei Zhao Texas A&M University--Kingsville Citrus Center WeslacoTexas 78599USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant IndustryP.O.Box 147100GainesvilleFlorida 32614USA USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates RiversideCalifornia 92507USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Citrus huanglongbing（HLB） has become a major disease and limiting factor of production in citrus areas that have become infected. The destruction to the affected citrus industries has resulted in a tremendous increase to support research that in return has resulted in significant information on both applied and basic knowledge concerning this important disease to the global citrus industry. Recent research indicates the relationship between citrus and the causal agent of HLB is shaped by multiple elements, in which host defense responses may also play an important role. This review is intended to provide an overview of the importance of HLB to a wider audience of plant biologists. Recent advances on host-pathogen interactions, population genetics and vectoring of the causal agent are discussed.

关键词： Citrus greening Diaphorina citri host response Huanglongbing(HLB) psyllid vectors

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A GLOBAL VIeW OF THe ReLATIONSHIP BeTWeeN eNSO AND TROPICAL CYCLONe FReQUeNCIeS

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1994年第1期8卷 19-29页

作者：董克勤 greg J.Holland Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre MelbourneAustralia

The relationship between tropical cyclone activity and eNSO is examined for the major cyclone regions using cross correlations,spectral analysis and composite analysis of eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature,the normalised monthly Southern Oscillation Index(SOI),and tropical cyclone *** closest relationship between the 3—4 year eNSO period and tropical cyclone activity was found in the western North Pacific west of 160°e and there seems to be significant potential for seasonal forecasting in this region based on eNSO parameters *** significant relationships were found for the North Indian Ocean,and the remainder of the basins were dominated by oscillations near the quasi-biennial *** explanations and forecasting of the seasonal variations in tropical cyclone num- bers in these regions will need to account for the QBO as well as the 3—4 year eNSO connections.

关键词： tropical cyclone el Nino Southern Oscillation

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Consolidation of soft clay foundation improved by geosyntheticreinforced granular columns:Numerical evaluation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2021年第5期13卷 1173-1181页

作者： Nima R.Alkhorshid gregório L.S.Araujo ennio M.Palmeira Institute of Integrated engineering Federal University of Itajubáe Itabira CampusItabiraMinas Gerais35903-087Brazil Department of Civil and environmental engineering University of BrasíliaBrasíliaDistrito Federal70910-900Brazil

Soft clays are problematic soils as they present high compressibility and low shear *** are several methods for improving in situ conditions of soft *** on the geotechnical problem’s geometry and characteristics,the in situ conditions may require reinforcement to restrain instability and construction *** columns reinforced by geosynthetic material are widely used to reduce settlements of embankments on soft *** also accelerate the consolidation rate by reducing the drainage path’s length and increasing the foundation soil’s bearing *** this study,the performance of encased and layered granular columns in soft clay is investigated and *** numerical results show the significance of geosynthetic stiffness and the column length on the embankment ***,the results show that granular columns may play an important role in dissipating the excess pore water pressures and accelerating the consolidation settlements of embankments on soft clays.

关键词： Geosynthetic embankment Granular column Consolidation Soft soil

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Trout Redd Locations in Two Streams in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA

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Natural Resources 2017年第2期8卷 94-102页

作者： Bailey Ketelsen greg Simpson Michael e. Barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Rapid City SD USA McNenny State Fish Hatchery South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Spearfish SD USA

This study examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta redds in two sites from two creeks in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. Spawning began in both streams in early October and continued through mid-November. Significant spatial clustering was only observed on both Rapid Creek sites, where-as random redd development was observed in both of the sites on Box elder Creek. Based on visual observations, brown trout redds were more abundant in Rapid Creek, where-as brook trout redds were more abundant in Box elder Creek. Differences in redd clustering could be due to species-specific, geological, or hydrological differences between the

关键词： South Dakota Brook Trout Brown Trout Redds Spawning

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