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Sediment generation and soil mound denudation in areas of high-density tree throw along a river valley in the Jura Mountains, Switzerland

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第2期18卷 377-391页

作者： Philip greenwood Jan BAUER Nikolaus J KUHN Physical Geography&Environmental Change Research Group Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 27Basel-4056Switzerland

A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small(<10 km^(2))river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of northwest *** aims of the work were to assess sediment generation and annual sediment transport rates by tree throw on forested hillslopes,and to document surface hydrology characteristics on four fresh soil mounds associated with recent tree throws over a 24-day monitoring *** the soil mounds,average sediment recovery ranged from 7.7-28.2 g(dry weight),equivalent to a suspended sediment concentration of 145.2-327.8 g L^(-1),and runoff coefficients ranged from 1.0%-4.2%.Based on a soil bulk density value of 1,044 kg m^(-3),upslope runoff generation areas were denuded by an average 0.14 mm by the end of the 24-day monitoring period,representing an erosion rate equivalent to 2.1 mm yr^(-1).A ca.50 cm high soil mound could therefore feasibly persist for around 200-250 *** tree throw work,the dimensions of 215 individual tree throws were measured and their locations mapped in 12 separate locations along the river valley representing a cumulative area equivalent to 5.3 ha(***,43 per ha).Tree throws generated a total of 20.1 m^(3) of fine-sediment(<2 mm diameter),or the equivalent of 3.8×10^(-4) m^(3) m^(-2).The process of tree throw was originally attributed to two extreme weather events that occurred in west and central Europe in late December *** the 18-year period since both storms,this represents an annual sediment transport rate of 2.7×10^(-5) m^(3) m^(-1) yr^(-1).Exploring the relationship with wind on fall direction,65.5%of tree throws(143)generally fell in a downslope direction irrespective of hillslope aspect on which they were *** infers that individual storms may not have been responsible for the majority of tree throws,but instead,could be associated with root *** the high density of tree throws and their relative maturity(average age 41 years),we hypothesise that once tr

关键词： Tree throw Hillslope processes Sediment generation mechanism Sediment transport rate Soil mound Ibach river valley

Central monoaminergic systems are a site of convergence of signals conveying the experience of exercise to brain circuits involved in cognition and emotional behavior

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 293-306页

作者： Toni M. NICASTRO Benjamin N. greenwood Department of Psychology University of Colorado Denver CO 80217-3364 USA

Physical activity can enhance cognitive function and increase resistance against deleterious effects of stress on mental health. Enhanced cognitive function and stress resistance produced by exercise are conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that ubiquitous mechanisms may underlie beneficial ef- fects of exercise. In the current review, we summarize the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and stress resistance and discuss central and peripheral signaling factors that may be critical for conferring the effects of physical activity to brain circuits involved in cognitive function and stress. Additionally, it is suggested that norepinephrine and serotonin, highly conserved monoamines that are sensitive to exercise and able to modulate behavior in multiple species, could represent a conver- gence between peripheral and central exercise signals that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Finally, we offer the novel hypothesis that thermoregulation during exercise could contribute to the emotional effects of exercise by activating a subset of temperature-sensitive serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that convey anxiolytic and stress-protective signals to forebrain regions. Throughout the review, we discuss limitations to current approaches and offer strategies for future re- search in exercise neuroscience.

关键词： anxiety norepinephrine physical activity serotonin wheel running.

Antimicrobial peptide gene expression and the microbiome in Black Soldier Fly

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1017-1021页

作者： Clint Rhode Matthew P.greenwood Department of Genetics Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

Dear Editor,The black soldier fly(BSF)(Hermetia illucens Linnaeus,1758)is an important insect in the sustainable agriculture sector that has attracted much interest over the last few *** larvae of this species reduce agricultural waste and convert it into usable biomass that can be reintroduced into food production value chains,creating self-sustained and sanitized *** nutritional profile of these larvae is comparable to fishmeal and soy,which has been conventionally used in animal feeds,and other secondary products have also been retrieved,for example,chitin,fertilizers,and biofuels.

关键词： sustained chains convert

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无序中的节律探索者

环球科学 2024年第1期 64-71页

作者：薇罗尼卡·格林伍德苏晓东(翻译) 不详

几十年来,嘉莉·帕奇一直领导着有关细胞时钟机制中蛋白质结构的开创性研究这种时钟机制维持着我们的昼夜节律。现在,帕奇还能赢得这场与时间赛跑的比赛吗?

关键词：昼夜节律与时间赛跑蛋白质结构开创性研究探索者帕奇时钟

A critical examination of robustness and generalizability of machine learning prediction of materials properties

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1787-1795页

作者： Kangming Li Brian DeCost Kamal Choudhary Michael greenwood Jason Hattrick-Simpers Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto27 King’s College CirTorontoONCanada Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMDUSA Theiss Research La JollaCA 92037USA Canmet MATERIALS Natural Resources Canada183 Longwood Road southHamiltonONCanada

Recent advances in machine learning(ML)have led to substantial performance improvement in material database benchmarks,but an excellent benchmark score may not imply good generalization *** we show that ML models trained on Materials Project 2018 can have severely degraded performance on new compounds in Materials Project 2021 due to the distribution *** discuss how to foresee the issue with a few simple ***,the uniform manifold approximation and projection(UMAP)can be used to investigate the relation between the training and test data within the feature ***,the disagreement between multiple ML models on the test data can illuminate out-of-distribution *** demonstrate that the UMAP-guided and query by committee acquisition strategies can greatly improve prediction accuracy by adding only 1%of the test *** believe this work provides valuable insights for building databases and models that enable better robustness and generalizability.

关键词： prediction adding critical

‘Face’and psychological processes of laid-off workers in transitional China

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第3期4卷 51-63页

作者： Bingxin Wang Kenneth Mark greenwood Faculty of Health Engineering and ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia James Cook University Singapore Singapore Department of Clinical Psychology Beijing Anding HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Objective:The objective was to explore the psychological experiences of laid-off workers in contemporary transitional China and to formulate a theoretical model of ***:In-depth interviews of 26 laid-off workers were conducted and analysed using grounded theory ***:Four themes underline the psychological processes of these laid-off workers-feeling of loss,feeling of physical pain,feeling of fatalism,and final *** are characterized by Chinese culture and its philosophy-feeling of loss is dominated by their loss of face(diu mi-anzi),physical pain is a somatization of their mental painfulness,their fatalism is traced back to the Chinese ancient theocratic concept of Tian Ming,and their acceptance of reality to their final making face(zheng mianzi)is sourced from both Confucianism and ***:The psychological experience of laid-off workers(or unemployed workers)is likely to have varied manifestations in different cultural *** psychological processes of Chinese laid-off workers(or unemployed workers)might be different from those of laid-off workers in Western countries.A therapeutic intervention to cater for the needs of laid-off workers derived from the four themes might be effective.

关键词： laid-off workers unemployed workers state-owned enterprises psychological process China

Chinese nursing students'culture-related learning styles and behaviours:A discussion paper

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2015年第3期2卷 253-258页

作者： Carol Chunfeng Wang Kenneth Mark greenwood School of Nursing and Midwifery Edith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia Faculty of Health Engineering and ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia

Globalisation requires that nursing education focuses on culturally competent *** students studying in Australia present a valuable resource for cultural learning,yet internationalisation presents opportunities and challenges for both lecturers and *** paper explores Chinese nursing students,the single largest group of international students in Australia,their communication behaviour,patterns and learning styles at Australian universities from cultural and psychosocial *** aim is to provide insight for educators in Western countries to better understand this particular ethnic group and help Chinese nursing students overcome learning difficulties and develop their potential learning *** further recommend coping strategies to help international Chinese nursing students'learning.

关键词： Chinese nursing students International students International education

Effect of Genome-Wide Genotyping and Reference Panels on Rare Variants Imputation

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 545-550页

作者： Hou-Feng Zheng Martin Ladouceur Celia M.T. greenwood J. Brent Richards Department of Medicine Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec H3T 1E2 Canada Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Jewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec H3T 1E2 Canada Research Center of Montreal Heart Institute Montreal Quebec HIT 1C8 Canada Department of Oncology McGill University Montreal Quebec H3T IE2 Canada Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London SE1 7EH United Kingdom

Common variants explain little of the variance of most common disease, prompting large-scale sequencing studies to understand the contribution of rare variants to these diseases. Imputation of rare variants from genome-wide genotypic arrays offers a cost-efficient strategy to achieve necessary sample sizes required for adequate statistical power. To estimate the performance of imputation of rare variants, we imputed 153 individuals, each of whom was genotyped on 3 different genotype arrays including 317k, 610k and 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）, to two different reference panels： HapMap2 and 1000 Genomes pilot March 2010 release （1KGpilot） by using IMPUTE version 2. We found that more than 94% and 84% of all SNPs yield acceptable accuracy （info 〉 0.4） in HapMap2 and 1KGpilot-based imputation, respectively. For rare variants （minor allele frequency （MAF）〈5%）, the proportion of well- imputed SNPs increased as the MAF increased from 0.3% to 5% across all 3 genome-wide association study （GWAS） datasets. The proportion of well-imputed SNPs was 69%, 60% and 49% for SNPs with a MAF from 0.3% to 5% for 1M, 610k and 317k, respectively. None of the very rare variants （MAF 〈 0.3%） were well imputed. We conclude that the imputation accuracy of rare variants increases with higher density of genome-wide genotyping arrays when the size of the reference panel is small. Variants with lower MAF are more difficult to impute. These findings have important implications in the design and replication of large-scale sequencing studies.

关键词： Genotype imputation Genome-wide association study 1000 Genome Project HapMap Rare variant Common disease

Simulating geometrically complex blast scenarios

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 134-146页

作者： Ian G.CULLIS Nikos NIKIFORAKIS Peter FRANKL Philip BLAKELY Paul BENNETT Paul greenwood QinetiQ Fort Halstead Sevenoaks Kent T N14 7BP UK Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge University Cambridge CB30LH UK Cambridge Numerical Solutions Ltd Ely Cambridge CB7 5NE UK

The effects of blast waves generated by energetic and non-energetic sources are of continuing interest to the ballistics research *** conflicts are increasingly characterised by asymmetric urban warfare, with improvised explosive devices(IEDs) often playing a dominant role on the one hand and an armed forces requirement for minimal collateral effects from their weapons on the other. These problems are characterised by disparate length- and time-scales and may also be governed by complex physics. There is thus an increasing need to be able to rapidly assess and accurately predict the effects of energetic blast in topologically complex scenarios. To this end, this paper presents a new Qineti Q-developed advanced computational package called EAGLE-Blast, which is capable of accurately resolving the generation, propagation and interaction of blast waves around geometrically complex shapes such as vehicles and buildings. After a brief description of the numerical methodology, various blast scenario simulations are described and the results compared with experimental data to demonstrate the validation of the scheme and its ability to describe these complex scenarios accurately and efficiently. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the use of the code in supporting the development of algorithms for fast running engineering models.

关键词：爆炸装置复杂场景场景模拟能量来源武装部队时间尺度相互作用形状复杂