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Improvement of railway performance： a study of Swedish railway infrastructure

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2016年第1期24卷 22-37页

作者： Yamur K. AI-Douri phillip Tretten Ramin Karim Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The volume of rail traffic was increased by 5 % from 2006 to 2010, in Sweden, due to increased goods and passenger traffic. This increased traffic, in turn, has led to a more rapid degradation of the railway track, which has resulted in higher maintenance costs. In general, degradation affects comfort, safety, and track quality, as well as, reliability, availability, speed, and overall railway performance. This case study investigated the needs of railway stakeholders responsible for analysing the track state and what information is necessary to make good maintenance decisions. The goal is to improve the railway track per- formance by ensuring increased availability, reliability, and safety, along with a decreased maintenance cost. Inter- views of eight experts were undertaken to learn of general areas in need of improvement, and a quantitative analysis of condition monitoring data was conducted to find more specific information. The results show that by implement- ing a long-term maintenance strategy and by conducting preventive maintenance actions maintenance costs would be reduced. In addition to that, problems with measured data, missing data, and incorrect location data resulted in increased and unnecessary maintenance tasks. The conclusions show that proactive solutions are needed to reach the desired goals of improved safety, improved availability, and improved reliability. This also includes thedevelopment of a visualisation tool and a life cycle cost model for maintenance strategies.

关键词： Condition-based maintenance - Conditionmonitoring ~ Maintenance ~ eMaintenance ~ Railway track

Target specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system

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Quantitative Biology 2014年第2期2卷 59-70页

作者： Xuebing Wu Andrea J.Kriz phillip A.Sharp David H.Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computational and Systems Biology Graduate Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The CRISPR-Cas9 system, naturally a defense mechanism in prokaryotes, has been repurposed as an RNA-guided DNA targeting platform. It has been widely used for genome editing and transcriptome modulation, and has shown great promise in correcting mutations in human genetic diseases. Off-target effects are a critical issue for all of these applications. Here we review the current status on the target specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.

关键词： CRISPR Cas9 genome engineering off-targets target specificity

Proposed age-stratified reference intervals of FSH derived from normozoospermic men

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第4期10卷 162-167页

作者： Emily-Jane Waller Jason Conceicao phillip Matson John L Yovich School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupPerthAustralia PIVET Medical Centre LeedervillePerthAustralia School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyPerthAustralia

Objective:To demonstrate that serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in men rises with age,and to explore FSH reference intervals of age-related ***:Men aged 20-50 years(n=1190)underwent semen analysis according to World Health Organization(2010)*** was frozen prior to measurement of FSH by using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur®XP immunoassay *** central 95%intervals after logarithmic transformation based on age were derived from 1037 normozoospermic *** were then applied to oligozoospermic and azoospermic *** producing azoospermic semen samples were further classified as having non-obstructive azoospermia by clinical diagnostic criteria,including genetic analysis and surgical ***:Serum FSH in normozoospermic men increased with age(P<0.05),and reference intervals were determined with 10-year brackets:21-30 years[(1.0-8.2)IU/L],31-40 years[(1.4-9.5)IU/L],41-50 years[(1.9-12.0)IU/L].The proportion of oligozoospermic men with normal FSH concentrations was less than the normozoospermic men,which in turn was lower among azoospermic men(both P<0.01).The azoospermic men were further broken down according to the nature of the azoospermia as either obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia,and 86.4%(38/44)men with non-obstructive azoospermia had elevated serum FSH concentrations whereas only 6.7%(1/15)men with obstructive azoospermia had high FSH levels,and this was significantly different(P<0.01).Conclusions:FSH concentrations increase in men between 20-50 years,and clinical interpretation of serum FSH results in men must be made by using age-based reference intervals.

关键词： Male infertility FSH Reference intervals Age Obstructive azoospermia Non-obstructive azoospermia

Differences in pectoral fin spine morphology between vocal and silent clades of catfishes (Order Siluriformes): Ecomorphological implications

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 73-89页

作者： Ingrid M.KAATZ Donald J.STEWART Aaron N.RJCE phillip S.LOBEL Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University Department of Biology Boston University

Stridulatory sound-producing behavior is widespread across catfish families, but some are silent. To understand why, we compared spine morphology and ecotype of silent and vocal clades. We determined vocal ability of laboratory specimens during disturbance behavior. Vocal families had bony （not flexible or segmented） spines, well-developed anterior and/or posterior serrations, and statistically significantly longer spines. We compared morphology of the proximal end of the pectoral spine between vocal and silent species. For vocal taxa, microscopic rounded or bladed ridges or knobs were present on the dorsal process. Most silent species had reduced processes with exclusively smooth, convoluted, or honeycombed surfaces very similar to spine-locking surfaces, or they had novel surfaces （beaded, vacuolated, cobwebbed）. Most callichthyids had ridges but many were silent during disturbance. All doradid, most auchenipterid and most mochokid species were vocal and had ridges or knobs. Within the Auchenipteridae, vocal species had spines with greater weight and serration development but not length. Silent auchenipterids had thin, brittle, distally segmented spines with few microscopic serrations on only one margin and a highly reduced dorsal process lacking any known vocal morphology. Silent auchenipterids are derived and pelagic, while all vocal genera are basal and benthopelagic. This is the first phylogenetic evidence for stridulation mechanism loss within catfishes. Phylogenetic mapping of vocal ability, spine condition, and ecotype revealed the repeated presence of silence and vocal taxa, short and long spines, and ecotype shifts within clades. The appearance and loss of vocal behavior and supporting morphologies may have facilitated diversification among catfishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 73 89 2010].

关键词： Bioacoustic Defense mechanisms Historical biology Stridulation

Change in quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and aortic valve replacement surgery in Australian patients aged ≥ 75 years： the effects of EuroSCORE and patient operability

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第1期12卷 30-36页

作者： phillip J. Tully Prakash Roshan Greg D Rice Ajay Sinhal Jayme S Bennetts Robert A Baker Cardiac Surgery Research Department of Surgery School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park 5042 Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men 's Health Discipline of Medicine School of Medicine University of Adelaide North Terrace Adelaide 5005 Australia brd Park 5042 Australia Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Flinders Medical Centre Level 6 Flinders Private Hospital Bedford Park 5042 Australia

Objective To determine the extent to which differences in generic quality of life （QOL） between transcatheter aortic valve implanta- tion （TAVI） and surgical aortic valve replacement （AVR） patients explained by EuroSCORE and heart-team operability assessment. Methods A total of 146 high-risk patients with EuroSCORE 〉 6 and aged 〉 75 years underwent TAVI （n = 80） or aortic valve replacement （n = 66） between February 2010 and July 2013. A total of 75 patients also completed preoperative and six month SF-12 QOL measures. Analyses examined incident major morbidity, compared six month QOL between groups adjusted for EUroSCORE and operability, and quantified rates of clinically significant QOL improvement and deterioration. Results The AVR group required longer ventilation （〉 24 h）（TAVI 5.0% vs. AVR 20.6%, P = 0.004） and more units of red blood cells [TAVI 0 （0-1） vs. AVR 2 （0-3）, P = 0.01]. New renal failure was higher in TAVI （TAVI 5.0% vs. AVR 0%, P = 0.06）. TAVI patients reported significantly lower vitality （P = 0.01） by comparison to AVR patients, however these findings were no longer significant after adjustment for operability. In both procedures, clinically significant QOL improvement was common [range 25.0% （general health） - 62.9% （physical role）] whereas deterioration in QOL occurred less frequently [range 9.3% （physical role） - 33.3% （mental health）]. Conclusions Clinically significant improvement and deterioration in QOL was evident at six months in high risk elderly aortic valve replacement patients. Overall QOL did not differ between TAVI and AVR once operability was taken into consideration.

关键词： Aortic valve replacement Cardiac surgery EuroSCORE Transcatheter aortic valve implantation Quality of life

Integration of aspect and slope in snowmelt runoff modeling in a mountain watershed

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第4期9卷 265-273页

作者： Shalamu Abudu Zhu-ping Sheng Chun-liang Cui Muatter Saydi Hamed-Zamani Sabzi James phillip King Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at El Paso El Paso TX 79927-5020 USA Xinjiang Water Resources Research Institute Urumqi 830049 China Civil Engineering Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003-8006 USA

This study assessed the performances of the traditional temperature-index snowmelt runoff model(SRM) and an SRM model with a finer zonation based on aspect and slope(SRM + AS model) in a data-scarce mountain watershed in the Urumqi River Basin,in Northwest *** proposed SRM + AS model was used to estimate the melt rate with the degree-day factor(DDF) through the division of watershed elevation zones based on aspect and *** simulation results of the SRM + AS model were compared with those of the traditional SRM model to identify the improvements of the SRM + AS model's performance with consideration of topographic features of the *** results show that the performance of the SRM + AS model has improved slightly compared to that of the SRM *** coefficients of determination increased from 0.73,0.69,and 0.79 with the SRM model to 0.76,0.76,and 0.81 with the SRM + AS model during the simulation and validation periods in 2005,2006,and 2007,*** proposed SRM + AS model that considers aspect and slope can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff simulation compared to the traditional SRM model in mountain watersheds in arid regions by proper parameterization,careful input data selection,and data preparation.

关键词： Snowmelt runoff model (SRM) Degree-day factor (DDF) Aspect and slope Snow cover area Temperature Precipitation

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada Kyle B.Kosik Ryan S.McCann Colin Drinkard phillip A.Gribble College of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High School Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control

Epidemiology of burns and scalds in children presenting to the emergency department of a regional burns unit: a 7-year retrospective study

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 245-250页

作者： Ceri Elisabeth Battle Vanessa Evans Karen James Katherine Guy Janet Whitley phillip Adrian Evans Department of Emergency Medicine NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research UnitMorriston HospitalSwanseaUK Department of Physiotherapy Morriston HospitalSwanseaUK Department of Emergency Medicine NISCHR Haemostasis Biomedical Research UnitMorriston HospitalSwanseaUK Department of Physiotherapy Morriston HospitalSwanseaUK Department of Emergency Medicine Morriston HospitalSwanseaWales SA66NLUK

Background:Variation in the incidence and mechanism of thermal injury has been reported in different age groups in *** aim of this study was to report the incidence,mechanisms,and environmental factors of all burns presentations to the emergency department(ED)of a regional burns centre over a 7-year ***:A retrospective,chart review study of all burns presentations to the ED of a regional burns centre in South Wales was *** children recorded as having sustained a burn or scald,aged less than 16 years were included in the ***’demographics were analysed using descriptive statistics,and comparisons were made between patients aged less than 5 and patients aged 5-16 using chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U ***:A total of 1387 cases were included in the final *** were the most common thermal injury with 569(41.0%)reported,followed by contact burns in 563(40.6%)*** patients requiring hospitalisation were significantly younger(2 vs 3 years;p<0.001)and had a higher rate of non-accidental injury(10 vs 4;p<0.001).The most commonly injured site in both age groups was a hand or ***:Scalds and contact burns were the most commonly reported thermal injury in children aged less than *** mechanisms were hot beverages,hobs and hair straighteners,highlighting further burn prevention strategies are needed and good-quality prospective studies that investigate the effectiveness of such strategies.

关键词： Burns epidemiology Paediatrics Emergency department

Comparison of FDA safety and efficacy data for KAMRA and Raindrop corneal inlays

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第9期10卷 1446-1451页

作者： Majid Moshirfar Jordan D Desautels Ryan T Wallace Nicholas Koen phillip C.Hoopes HDR Research Center Hoopes VisionDraperUtah 84020United States john A.Moran Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtah 84132United States Tufts University School of Medicine BostonMassachusetts 02111United States Brigham Young University ProvoUtah 84602United States Brown University Alpert School of Medicine ProvidenceRhode Island 02906United States

AIM：To provide a side-by-side analysis of the summary of safety and effectiveness data（SSED）submitted to the FDA for the KAMRA and Raindrop corneal inlays for the correction of ***：SSED reports submitted to the FDA for KAMRA and Raindrop were compared with respect to loss of corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）,adverse event rates,induction of astigmatism,retention of contrast sensitivity,stability of manifest refractive spherical equivalent（MRSE）,and achieved monocular uncorrected near visual acuity（UNVA）at ***：Totally 442/508 of KAMRA patients and344/373 Raindrop patients remained enrolled in the clinical trials at *** proportion of KAMRA and Raindrop patients who lost≥2 lines of CDVA at 24mo was 3.4%and1%,*** adverse event rate was comparable between the *** significant inductions of astigmatism were *** technologies induced a transient myopic shift in MRSE followed by a hyperopic shift and subsequent *** 87%of KAMRA and 98%of Raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J5（20/40）or better at 24mo,28%of KAMRA and 67%of Raindrop patients attained a monocular UNVA of J1（20/20）or better at ***：Both devices can be considered safe and effective,however,the results of corneal inlay implantation are mixed,and long-term patient satisfaction will likely depend on subjective expectations about the capabilities of the *** in surgical technique and postoperative care within and between the two clinical trials diminishes the comparative power of this article.

关键词： KAMRA Raindrop presbyopia comeal inlay