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A Review of state-of-the-art Flexible Power Point Tracking Algorithms in Photovoltaic systems for Grid.s.pport:Classification and Application

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 1-21页

作者： Mina Haghighat Mehdi Niroomand Hossein dehghani Tafti Christopher d.Townsend Tyrone Fernando the department of Electrical Engineering University of IsfahanIsfahanIran the department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

To maximize conversion efficiency,photovoltaic(PV)systems generally operate in the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)***,due to the increasing penetra tion level of PV systems,there is a need for more developed control functions in terms of frequency support services and voltage control to maintain the reliability and.s.ability of the power ***,flexible active power control is a manda tory task for grid-connected PV systems to meet part of the grid ***,a significant number of flexible pow er point tracking(FPPT)algorithms have been introduced in the existing *** purpose of such algorithms is to real ize a cost-effective method to provide grid.s.pport functional ities while minimizing the reliance on energy storage *** paper provid.s.a comprehensive overview of grid.s.pport functionalities that can be obtained with the FPPT control of PV systems such as frequency support and volt-var *** of these grid.s.pport functionalities necessitates PV sys tems to operate under one of the three control strategies,which can be provided with FPPT *** three control strate gies are classified as:①constant power generation control(CP GC),②power reserve control(PRC),and③power ramp rate control(PRRC).A detailed d.s.ussion on available FPPT algo rithms for each control strategy is also *** paper can serve as a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art FPPT algorithms that can equip PV systems with various grid.s.pport functionalities.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) flexi ble power point tracking(FPPT) power reserve control(PRC) power ramp rate control(PRRC) low voltage ride-through(LVRT) constant power generation(CPG)

Geochemical assessment of a siliceous limestone sample for cement making

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2011年第1期30卷 33-39页

作者： Rao d.s. Vijayakumar T.V. Prabhakar s. Bhaskar Raju G. National Metallurgical Laboratory-Madras Centre CsIR Madras Complex Taramani Chennai-600 113 India

A low grade siliceous limestone sample from the Jayantipuram mine of Andhra Prad.s., India, has been investigated for its suitability for cement making. Petrological as well as X-ray diffraction pattern studies indicated that the limestone sample was crystalline and dominantly composed of calcite and quartz. They are simple in mineralogy, and yet they have variable silica and lime contents. Geochemical analysis results of twenty five hand picked.s.mples indicated that the limestone from the Jayantipuram mine shows a wide range of variations in LOI (29.94% to 40.64%), siO2 (6.14% to 27.18%), CaO (37.93% to 50.78%), Al2O3 (0.49% to 2.27%) and Fe2O3 (0.28% to 2.4%). MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2 and MnO2 are present in traces. CaO with LOI shows a strong positive correlation where as CaO with siO2 shows a strong negative correlation because of mineralogical factors. The chemical composition of the limestone reflects its mineralogical composition. The d.s.ribution of various elements in the acid.s.luble fraction has been studied by the factor analysis method in order to interpret in terms of their mineralogy, sedimentary environment and diagenesis. Mineralogy, recrystallization and other diagenetic changes are the main factors affecting the d.s.ribution of the elements and their mutual relationships in the limestone. The aim of this paper is also to analyze how significantly the two parameters, silica modulus and lime saturation factor, influence this low grade siliceous limestone sample from the Jayantipuram mine of Andhra Prad.s., India, for the cement making process from the geochemical data.

关键词：灰岩样品水泥生产地球化学硅质石灰石矿评估因子分析方法化学数据处理

Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: direct construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3791-3797页

作者： debasis Pal Kirana d.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.Andrew Evans department of Chemistry Queen's University Xiangya school of Pharmaceutical sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated with the direct regio-and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with an unstabilized aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the direct construction of enantioenriched β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction modification of the product(e.g., thermal decarboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad range of sterically and electronically diverse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl derivatives, including the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester product is exemplified by a series of functional group manipulations and the development of a concise and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product,(+)-d.s.urainolide A. Finally, mechanistic studies indicate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that undergoes outer-sphere alkylation.

关键词： allylic substitution asymmetric catalysis mechanistic studies natural product synthesis Reformatsky reagent

Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.Zhang s.J.song F.Liu state Key Laboratory of solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using d.s.ocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3d CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and.s.rain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and.s.rain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during d.s.ocation and.s.ear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation mod.s.following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain d.s.ri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band.s.abilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially d.s.gning MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

Towards efficient strain engineering of 2d materials:A four-points bending approach for compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li Félix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno Francisco J.Aparicio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on surfaces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain departamento de Física Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

strain engineering,as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional(2d)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted.s.gnificant interest in recent years.2d materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band.s.ructure,endows 2d materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon ***,strain engineering based on 2d materials is restricted by their nanoscale and.s.rain quantification *** this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2d *** approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation *** results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2d materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation differential reflectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

Ground-based and additional science support for sMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh s.E.Milan T.sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.P.Freeman d.-s.Han M.d.Hartinger s.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.sigernes E.spanswick K.sterne A.steuwer T.sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK school of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic survey CambridgeUK swed.s. Institute of space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard.s.ace Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada EsTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA swed.s. Institude of space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National space science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European space Agency and Chinese Academy of sciences solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and.s.multaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and.s.ace-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the sMILE ***,we d.s.ribe current community efforts to prepare for sMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed.s.pport for sMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online sMILE data Fusion Facility,the d.s.ussion of particular or special mod.s.for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and.s.acecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the sMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation sMILE conjunctions missions

基于氯化胆碱的低共熔体系在Au上电沉积无枝晶Zn

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2024年第7期34卷 2367-2380页

作者： Vesna s.CVETKOVIĆ Nebojša d.NIKOLIĆ Tanja s.BARUdŽIJA silvana B.dIMITRIJEVIĆ Jovan N.JOVIĆEVIĆ department of Electrochemistry Institute of ChemistryTechnology and MetallurgyUniversity of BelgradeNjegoševa 1211000 BelgradeSerbia Institute for Nuclear sciences Vinča University of BelgradeP.O.Box 52211001 BelgradeSerbia Mining and Metallurgy Institute Zeleni bulevar 3519210 BorSerbia

以氯化胆碱和乙二醇混合液为低共熔溶剂,不使用其他添加剂,电化学沉积无枝晶Zn/Au合金。在不同的Zn(Ⅱ)浓度下,采用恒电位电沉积法在相对较低的Zn电沉积过电位下进行电沉积。通过循环伏安法(CV)和计时安培法(CA)揭示Zn电沉积的电化学机... 详细信息

以氯化胆碱和乙二醇混合液为低共熔溶剂,不使用其他添加剂,电化学沉积无枝晶Zn/Au合金。在不同的Zn(Ⅱ)浓度下,采用恒电位电沉积法在相对较低的Zn电沉积过电位下进行电沉积。通过循环伏安法(CV)和计时安培法(CA)揭示Zn电沉积的电化学机理。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析(XRd)对沉积层的形貌和结构进行表征,并用能谱仪对沉积层进行元素分析。CV结果表明,Zn的电沉积始于Zn欠电位沉积区,并一直持续到Zn过电位沉积(OPd)区。随着Zn(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,Zn/Zn(Ⅱ)电偶的沉积电位向更高的正值偏移。CA分析表明,在Zn的OPd区开始三维渐进形核,随后形成三维生长。形貌分析表明,电沉积始于致密Zn岛的形成,随后形成无枝晶Zn/Au合金。XRd分析表明,其物相为金属Zn、立方AuZn3和Au Zn金属间化合物。

关键词：锌电沉积低共熔溶剂锌金合金形貌结构

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Pd-1^(+)and TIM-3^(+)T cells widely express commonγ-chain cytokine receptors in multiple myeloma patients,and IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 stimulation up-regulates Pd-1 and TIM-3 on T cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1575-1587页

作者： EGOR V.BATOROV ALIsA d.INEsHINA TATIANA A.ARIsTOVA VERA V.dENIsOVA sVETLANA A.sIZIKOVA dARIA s.BATOROVA GALINA Y.UsHAKOVA EKATERINA Y.sHEVELA ELENA R.CHERNYKH Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia V.Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology Novosibirsk National Research State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia

Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)***,previous studies showed the possibility of Pd-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic *** aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating Pd-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint ***:The expression of Cd25,Cd122,Cd127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated.s.gnal transducer and activator of transcription-5(psTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMEs)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in Pd-1-and TIM-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood.s.mples of MM ***:substantial proportions of Pd-1-and TIM-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and *** of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within TIM-3+T cells compared to Pd-1+TIM-3−*** proportions of both Pd-1-/TIM-3-negative and positive Cd8+T cells express EOMEs,while only moderate frequencies of Cd4+Pd-1+/TIM-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription ***,the surface presence of Cd25 and intranuclear expression of EOMEs in Cd4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of Pd-1 and TIM-3 *** stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates Pd-1 and TIM-3 during the proliferation of initially Pd-1/TIM-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially Pd-1+and TIM-3+T cell subsets in ***:Both Pd-1 and TIM-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine *** in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between Pd-1+and TIM-3+T cells may reflect functional d.s.imilarity of these cell *** blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced prolif

关键词： Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHsCT) Cd25 Cd122 Eomesodermin(EOMEs) Homeostatic proliferation

Water scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed.s.rategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo diawara Gerald d. s. Quoie Jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for sustainable development Tongji University Shanghai China state Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business school Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (sEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 kmsup>2sup> and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National statistics of Guinea (INs) to examine the water production and d.s.ribution process by the sEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and.s.ggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： Water scarcity Conakry Population Growth sdGs sEG