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A Lunar-based Soft X-ray Imager(LSXI)for the Earth's magnetosphere

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第7期64卷 1026-1035页

作者： Yihong GUO Chi WANG Fei WEI Tianran SUN Xizheng YU Songwu PENG graziella branduardi-raymont Steven SEMBAY National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonSurrey RH56NTUK Department of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicester LEI 7RHUK

We propose to use the Moon as a platform to obtain a global view of Earth's magnetosphere by a Lunar-based Soft X-ray Imager(LSXI).LSXI is a wide field-of-view Soft X-ray telescope,which can obtain X-ray images of Earth's magnetosphere based on the solar wind charge exchange(SWCX)X-ray *** perspective is crucial to understand the overall interaction of the solar wind with *** is capable of continuously monitoring the evolution of geospace conditions under the impact of the solar wind by simultaneous observation of the bow shock,magnetosheath,magnetopause and cusps for the first *** proposal is answering the call for the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program Phase IV.

关键词： Soft X-ray imager Lunar Magnetosphere Micro-pore optics

Relativistic reflection X-ray spectra of accretion disks

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第4期9卷 377-389页

作者： Khee-Gan Lee Kinwah Wu Steven V. Fuerst graziella branduardi-raymont Oliver Crowley Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544 USA Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonHolmbury St. Mary Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94309 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy University College LondonGower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

We have calculated the relativistic reflection component of the X-ray spectra of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei （AGN）. Our calculations have shown that the spectra can be significantly modified by the motion of the accretion flow, and the gravity and rotation of the central black hole. The absorption edges in the spectra suffer severe en- ergy shifts and smearing, and the degree of distortion depends on the system parameters, in particular, the inner radius of the accretion disk and the disk viewing inclination angles. The effects are significant. Fluorescent X-ray emission lines from the inner accretion disk could be a powerful diagnostic of space-time distortion and dynamical relativistic effects near the event horizons of accreting black holes. However, improper treatment of the reflection component in fitting the X-ray continuum could give rise to spurious line-like features. These features mimic the true fluorescent emission lines and may mask their relativistic signatures. Fully relativistic models for reflection continua together with the emission lines are needed in order to extract black-hole parameters from the AGN X-ray spectra.

关键词： accretion, accretion disks-galaxies active-X-rays galaxies-blackhole physics-relativity

月基软X射线成像仪——对地球磁层的全景观测

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中国科学：地球科学 2021年第7期51卷 1009-1017页

作者：郭亦鸿王赤韦飞孙天然于锡峥彭松武 graziella branduardi-raymont Steven SEMBAY 中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049 Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonSurrey RH56NTUK Department of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicester LEI 7RHUK

文章提出以月球科研站为平台,配置一台具有宽视场和高分辨观测能力的软X射线成像仪——月基软X射线成像仪(LSXI),以实现对地球磁层的全景成像.LSXI是一种宽视场的软X射线望远镜,可以对太阳风电荷交换过程(SWCX)产生的软X射线进行动态成... 详细信息

文章提出以月球科研站为平台,配置一台具有宽视场和高分辨观测能力的软X射线成像仪——月基软X射线成像仪(LSXI),以实现对地球磁层的全景成像.LSXI是一种宽视场的软X射线望远镜,可以对太阳风电荷交换过程(SWCX)产生的软X射线进行动态成像,通过软X射线图像获取地球磁层边际与结构特性.地球磁层全景观测对于理解太阳风-磁层相互作用的物理过程至关重要.LSXI将首次通过对弓激波、磁鞘区、磁层顶和极尖区等区域的同时连续观测,监测太阳风作用下的空间天气演化过程.

关键词：软X射线成像仪月球磁层微孔光学

Update on the ESA-CAS Joint Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Mission

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 700-703页

作者： WANG Chi branduardi-raymont graziella State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonLondon RH56NT

The SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)mission aims at deepening our understanding of the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth *** is the first time that ESA and CAS jointly select,design,implement,launch,and operate a space *** mission was adopted by CAS in November 2016 and by ESA in March 2019 with a target launch date by the end of 2023.

关键词： SMILE Soft X-ray Imager(SXI) Ultra-Violet Imager(UVI) Light Ion Analyzer(LIA) MAGnetometer(MAG)

Progress of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE) Mission

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空间科学学报 2018年第5期38卷 657-661页

作者： WANG Chi branduardi-RAYMOND graziella State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College

SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer) mission is a joint ESA-CAS space science project. The working orbit is a 19 Re 5000 km HEO with 4 scientific instruments: Soft X-ray Imager(SXI), Ultra-Violet Imager(UVI), Magnetometer(MAG) and Light Ion Analyzer(LIA). SMILE aims to understand the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere through the images of SXI and UVI and in-situ measurement from LIA and MAG. After the kick-off in 2016, the SMILE project went to Phase A study. The mission adoption is scheduled for November 2018, with a target launch date in 2022–*** this paper, the background of the mission, scientific objectives, the design and characteristics of scientific instruments and the mission outline will be introduced in details.

关键词：磁气圈电离层太阳连接科学工程科学仪器离子分析器 SMILE

Treating children with inflammatory bowel disease: Current and new perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5469-5485页

作者： graziella Guariso Marco Gasparetto University of Padova Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Cambridge University Hospitals CUH-FT

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gut characterised by alternating periods of remission and relapse. Whilst the mechanism underlying this disease is yet to be fully understood, old and newer generation treatments can only target selected pathways of this complex inflammatory process. This narrative review aims to provide an update on the most recent advances in treatment of paediatric IBD. A MEDLINE search was conducted using "paediatric inflammatory bowel disease", "paediatric Crohn's disease", "paediatric ulcerative colitis", "treatment", "therapy", "immunosuppressant", "biologic", "monitoring" and "biomarkers" as key words. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2014 and 2016 were selected. Studies referring to earlier periods were also considered in case the data was relevant to our scope. Major advances have been achieved in monitoring the individual metabolism, toxicity and response to relevant medications in IBD including thiopurines and biologics. New biologics acting on novel mechanisms such as selective interference with lymphocyte trafficking are emerging treatment options. Current research is investing in the development of reliable prognostic biomarkers, aiming to move towards personalised treatments targeted to individual patients.

关键词： Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Treatment Therapy Immunosuppressant Biologic Monitoring Biomarker

Crohn's disease and growth deficiency in children and adolescents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13219-13233页

作者： Marco Gasparetto graziella Guariso Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Unit for Pediatric GastroenterologyDigestive EndoscopyHepatology and Care of Children with Liver Trans-plantsPadova University Hospital

Nutritional concerns, linear growth deficiency, and delayed puberty are currently detected in up to 85% of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) diagnosed at childhood. To provide advice on how to assess and manage nutritional concerns in these patients, a Medline search was conducted using "pediatric inflammatory bowel disease", "pediatric Crohn's disease", "linear growth","pubertal growth", "bone health", and "vitamin D" as key words. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses published between 2008 and 2013 were selected to produce this narrative review. Studies referring to earlier periods were also considered if the data was relevant to our review. Although current treatment strategies for CD that include anti-tumor necrosis factor-αtherapy have been shown to improve patients' growth rate, linear growth deficiencies are still common. In pediatric CD patients, prolonged diagnostic delay, high initial activity index, and stricturing/penetrating typeof behavior may cause growth deficiencies(in weight and height) and delayed puberty, with several studies reporting that these patients may not reach an optimal bone mass. Glucocorticoids and inflammation inhibit bone formation, though their impact on skeletal modeling remains unclear. Long-term control of active inflammation and an adequate intake of nutrients are both fundamental in promoting normal puberty. Recent evidence suggests that recombinant growth factor therapy is effective in improving short-term linear growth in selected patients, but is of limited benefit for ameliorating mucosal disease and reducing clinical disease activity. The authors conclude that an intense initial treatment(taking a "top-down" approach, with the early introduction of immunomodulatory treatment) may be justified to induce and maintain remission so that the growth of children with CD can catch up, ideally before puberty. Exclusive enteral nutrition has a key role in inducing remission and improving patients' nutritional statu

关键词： Bone health Enteral nutrition Growth Height Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease Pediatric Crohn's disease Linear growth Pubertal growth Vitamin D Weight loss

Characterization of an Area Polluted by Copper and Zinc:the Relation between Soil Texture,Mineralogy and Pollutant Concentration

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1224-1231页

作者： Caterina RINAUDO Daniela GASTALDI Orfeo ZERBINATI Elisa FORNERO graziella BERTA Department of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Eastern Piedmont

Twenty-four soil samples were collected at three depths from an approximately 2.5 acre contaminated site in southern Piedmont （Italy） and then analyzed. The main soil parameters determined were： pH, Cation Exchange Capacity （CEC）, particle size distribution, total organic carbon （TOC） content and retained metal concentration. The mineral phases were identified by X-Ray Powder Diffraction （XRPD）. All of the samples contained Zn and Cu resulting from industrial contamination during the last century, and those obtained at depths of 20-40 cm consistently showed the highest levels. To determine which size fraction was most active in the retention process, the samples were separated into four fractions （≤2 mm, ≤63 0m, ≤30 0m and ≤2 μm） and the amount of pollutant measured in each. It was found that metal retention was the highest in the clayey fraction, whose clay minerals were identified by XRPD after K＋ and Mg2＋ saturation, glycerol treatment and heating to 550℃. The clayey fraction was also the richest in TOC, and a direct correlation between TOC amount and metal retention was observed.

关键词： soil pollution heavy metals soil texture clay minerals

New Evidence on Export Price Elasticity from China and Six OECD Countries

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China & World Economy 2015年第6期23卷 56-78页

作者： Francesco Aiello graziella Bonanno Alessia Via Professor Department of Economics Statistics and Finance University of Calabria Calabria Italy. Post-Doc Researcher Department of Economics Statistics and Finance University of Calabria Calabria Italy. Post-Doe Student Liaison Office University of Calabria Calabria Italy.

This paper provides new evidence on export price elasticities by analyzing the cases of China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK and the USA over the period 1990-2012. Estimates have been made using panel data techniques for non-stationary data. After demonstrating that long-run relationships are stable to any structural break, it is found that exports are significantly determined by foreign demand, with long-run income elasticity significantly higher than unity for China, Japan, Germany, the UK and the USA. Conversely, exports are price inelastic for most of the countries in the sample, in both the long run and the short run. The exception is France, whose export price elasticity is lower （higher） than unity in the short run （long run）.

关键词： competitive devaluation currency wars export price elasticity panel data