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As clear as mud： Turbidity induces behavioral changes in the African cichlid pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： gray, Suzanne M. McDonnell, Laura h. Cinquemani, Fabio G. Chapman, Lauren J. Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving this loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor that can impose behavioral, morphological, and/or physiological costs on fishes. here we describe the be- havioral response of a widespread African cichlid, pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river （turbid） and swamp （clear） populations, behave differently than full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of behavior：（1） behaviors of fish in full sib groups, in- eluding activity level and social dynamics collected during the rearing period; and （2） male aggressive behavior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish had reached maturity; this was done in an experimental set-up independent of the rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social behaviors than those reared in clear water. On the other hand, when tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive behaviors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment, Our results suggest a plastic behavioral response to turbidity that may allow p. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social behaviors and intensifying reproductive behaviors to ensure reproductive success [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 146-157, 2012].

关键词： Cichlidae Behavioral plasticity Environmental stressor Male-male competition

Multiple stressors lead to complex responses in reproductive behaviors in an African cichlid

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Current Zoology 2024年第6期70卷 821-832页

作者： Bethany Williams Lauren pintor Suzanne gray Department of Biology University of Missouri-1 University BlvdSt.LouisSt.LouisMO 63121USA

Exposure to multiple environmental stressors is a common occurrence that can affect organisms in predictable or unpredictable *** and turbidity in aquatic environments are 2 stressors that can affect reproductive behaviors by altering energy availability and the visual environment,*** we examine the relative effects of population and the rearing environment(oxygen concentration and turbidity)on reproductive *** reared cichlid fish(the Egyptian mouthbrooder,pseudocrenilabrus multicolor)from 2 populations(a swamp and river)until sexual maturity,in a full factorial design(hypoxic/normoxic×clear/turbid)and then quantified male competitive and courtship behaviors and female preference under their respective rearing ***,we found that the rearing environment was more important than population for determining behavior,indicating there were few heritable differences in reproductive behavior between the 2 ***,males in the hypoxic rearing treatment performed more competitive and courtship *** turbid conditions,males performed fewer competitive and courtship *** predicted that females would prefer males from their own ***,under the hypoxic and turbid combination females from both populations preferred males from the other *** results suggest that reproductive behaviors are affected by interactions among male traits,female preferences,and environmental conditions.

关键词： cichlid competition hypoxia mate choice turbidity

From bench to bedside： bipolar androgen therapy in a pilot clinical study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 767-768页

作者： Qing Zhang phillip J gray Department of Internal Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Department of RadiationOncology Massachusetts General Hospital HarvardMedical School Boston MA USA

prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in Europe andthe United States and is an emerging problem in Asia despite significant improvements in available treatments over the last few decades. Androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） has been the core treatment of advance-staged disease since the discovery of prostate cancer＇s androgen dependence in 1941 by huggins et al. Options for initial medical treatment include gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues such as leuprolide （LhRh agonist） and degarelix （LhRh antagonist） and androgen receptor （AR） binding agents such as bicalutamide. Although most patients will initially respond to either surgical or medical castration, there is almost always progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRpC） necessitating treatment with more novel agents. however, even drugs such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, two next-generation agents used commonly in metastatic CRpC, have failed to demonstrate persistent efficacy in most patients.

关键词： advance-staged next-generation bicalutamide

When Kinases Meet pROTACs

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2018年第10期36卷 971-977页

作者： Li Tan Nathanael S. gray Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 26 Qiuyue Rd Pudong Shanghai 201210 China Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Father Cancer Institute Boston MA 02215 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular pharmacology Harvard Med- ical School Boston MA 02115 USA

Small molecule drugs targeting kinases have revolutionized treatment options for millions of patients worldwide, especially in oncology. These targeted treatments have less side effects because they inhibit a specific dysfunctional kinase usually with relatively narrow selectivity. however, kinase inhibitors do have well-established liabilities, most prominently the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, the majority of kinases are multi- domain and multifunctional proteins that in addition to their enzymatic activity have scaffolding and other roles, and inhibitors seldom address these alternative functions. Recently, small molecule mediated targeted protein degradation emerged as a new pharmacological strategy. The majority of small molecule degraders are bispecific molecules called proteolysis targeting chimeras （pROTACs）, and their mechanism of action is based on simultaneous recruitment of the target of interest and an E3 ligase, resulting in target polyubiquitination and eventual destruction by the proteasome. Over the last couple of years, pROTAC strategy has been developed and validated for a range of targets, including kinases. here, we introduce the targeted protein degradation strategy, provide an overview of representative kinase pROTACs, and describe design rationales, efficacy and specificity. We also discuss their potential advantages, as well as comment on some of the limitations of this emerging pharmacological modality.

关键词： kinase inhibitors pROTACs drug discovery ligases kinase degradation drug design

Sensor location in concrete slabs with various layout of opening using modified ‘FEMS-COMAC’ approach

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第1期19卷 205-222页

作者： h.Vosoughifar p.Manafi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUSA Department of Civil Engineering South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran

Two-way concrete slabs are widely used around the world for the construction of many types of infrastructures and common buildings. The optimal sensor placement(OSp) in slabs with various opening positions is the most important issue in structural health monitoring(ShM) to increase reliability. In this study, a novel approach of OSp was evaluated to obtain the number and placement of sensors using examination of the closed loop performance. The nonlinear finite element(NFE) was used to discretize the mechanism behavior of slab. Multi-Objective Optimization based on the coordinate modal assurance criterion(COMAC) and cost considerations was considered in the optimization processes. All of the analysis, discretization and optimization process was designed and developed as a novel approach in Matlab by the author under the name ‘FEMS-COMAC’(FEM analysis of slab with COMAC). The points in the finite element method(FEM) mesh were classified as line by line information along the slab. The OSp in each line was optimized according to the objective function. The slabs with various width, thickness, aspect ratio and opening position were selected as case studies. The results of the OSp using the COMAC algorithm around the slab openings were compared with the novel ‘FEMS-COMAC’ method. The statistical analysis according Mann-Whitney criteria shows that there were significant differences between them in some of the case studies(mean p-value=0.54).

关键词： two-way concrete slabs openings OSp MAC COMAC

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气候变化和科学的整体性

西安交通大学学报（社会科学版） 2010年第4期30卷 1-2页

作者： p.h.格雷克胡德胜美国国家科学院西安交通大学法学院陕西西安710049

2010年5月7日,美国《科学》杂志第328卷第5979期第689-690页发表了美国国家科学院p.h.格雷克等255位院士(其中有11位是诺贝尔奖获得者)的题为《气候变化和科学的整体性》的公开信。信中阐释科学,捍卫气候变化科学研究的严密性和客观性,... 详细信息

2010年5月7日,美国《科学》杂志第328卷第5979期第689-690页发表了美国国家科学院p.h.格雷克等255位院士(其中有11位是诺贝尔奖获得者)的题为《气候变化和科学的整体性》的公开信。信中阐释科学,捍卫气候变化科学研究的严密性和客观性,呼吁人类社会采取行动来应对气候变化。该文对于促进对科学研究及其成果的客观和正确认识,加强对气候变化问题的全面和科学理解,推动我国应对气候变化和节能减排工作,具有重大的积极作用。征得作者许可,本刊特邀西安交通大学法学院全球环境变化研究院教授、博士研究生导师胡德胜博士对该文进行翻译,现予刊登,以飨读者。

关键词：美国国家科学院应对气候变化体性诺贝尔奖获得者《科学》杂志全球环境变化西安交通大学科学研究

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historic,pre-stock enhancement,demographic conditions of exploited populations of dusky flathead,platycephalus fuscus,in eastern Australia

作者： p.h.塞尔比(p.h.Selby)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： Charles A.gray WildFish Research Grays PointSydney2232Australia

Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management *** study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock *** was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock *** in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated *** longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally *** dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age *** dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than ***-specific differences in individual growth were not *** average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for *** contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuaryhe females were>the *** male and female *** should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,*** study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.

关键词： Baseline data Fishery enhancement Management evaluation platycephalidae Recreational fishing Restocking Stock assessment

Determination of microcapsule physicochemical, structural, and mechanical properties

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particuology 2016年第1期14卷 32-43页

作者： Andrew gray Stefan Egan Serafim Bakalis Zhibing Zhang School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2IT UK procter & Gamble Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Innovation Centre Whitley Road Longbenton Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE12 9TS UK

Research into the fundamental properties of microcapsules and use of the results to develop a wide variety of products in industries such as printing, fast-moving consumer goods, construction, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals is a dynamic and ever-progressing field of study. For microcapsules to be effective in providing protection from harsh environments or delivering large payloads, it is essential to have a good understanding of their properties to enable quality control during formulation, storage, and applications. This review aims to outline the commonly used techniques for determining the physicochemical, struc- tural, and mechanical properties of microcapsules, and highlights the interlinked nature of these three areas with respect to the end-use industrial application. This review provides information on techniques that are well supported in the literature, and also examines microcapsule analytical techniques that will become more prevalent as a result of new technological developments or extensions from other areas of study.

关键词： Characterization Chemical composition Experimental technique Mechanical properties Microcapsule physical structure