检索结果-南通市图书馆

Bioinspired nanocomposites with self-adaptive mechanical properties

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 633-648页

作者： grant Kitchen Bohan Sun Sung Hoon Kang 13400 N Charles St Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 23400 N Charles St Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 33400 N Charles St Hopkins Extreme Materials InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA

Conventional synthetic materials have fixed mechanical properties and suffer defects,damage,and degradation over time.This makes them unable to adapt to changing environments and leads to limited lifecycles.Recently,self-adaptive materials inspired by natural materials have emerged as a solution to address these problems.With the ability to change their mechanical properties based on changing mechanical environments,repairing defects,and maintaining their mechanical properties,these materials can lead to improved performance while decreasing waste.In this review,we explore self-adaptive phenomena found in nature that have inspired the development of synthetic self-adaptive materials,and the mechanisms that have been employed to create the next generation of materials.The potential applications of these materials,the challenges that existing approaches face,and future research opportunities are also discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites self-adaptive materials bioinspired materials force-activated resilience

Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.p Brusseau Laurence E.A.Feyten Adam L.Crane grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For example,Trinidadian guppies poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

Stability Analysis and performance Evaluation of Additive Mixed-precision Runge-Kutta Methods

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 705-738页

作者： Ben Burnett Sigal Gottlieb Zachary J.grant Center for Scientific Computing and Data Science Research UMass DartmouthNorth DartmouthMassachusettsUSA CSME Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and analyzed.These specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit computations.In this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.We develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and pDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(Mp-ARK)methods.The convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are explored.We show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen Mp-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.

关键词： Mixed precision Runge-Kutta methods Additive methods Accuracy

The neurovascular unit-on-a-chip:modeling ischemic stroke to stem cell therapy

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1431-1432页

作者： Seonghun Kim Minjun Kim Gerald A.grant Wonjae Lee Department of Neurosurgery Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Institute for Brain Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health burden.It is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide,posing immense societal and economic challenges due to the long-term care required for stro ke survivors and the significant healthcare costs associated with its treatment and management(Amarenco et al.,2009).

关键词： death unit

Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John G.INNES grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan WALKER Deborah J.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all introduced.In order of arrival,they are pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat R.norvegicus,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat R.rattus.Rodent management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual elsewhere.We describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration objectives.Current challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by people.Aerial 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat repopulation.Unfenced“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant reinvasion.Ecosanctuaries with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main islands.predator Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by 2050.This vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and technologies.The large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

Rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： grant R. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS Rhodes MAKUNDI Steven R. BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

The use of oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa:considerations,barriers,and recommendations Author links open overlay panel

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： Enos Moyo grant Murewanhema perseverance Moyo Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Andrew Ross School of Nursing&public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe Medical Centre Oshakati OshakatiNamibia School of Health Systems and public Health University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young women.There is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(pLW)in SSA.It is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than doubles.In this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(prEp),considerations for initiating prEp in pLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to prEp among them and suggest recommendations to address these barriers.Tenofovir/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among pLW.Any pLW who requests prEp and has no medical contraindications should receive it.prEp users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related issues.To address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on prEp to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to prEp among the pLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.

关键词： pre-exposure prophylaxis pregnancy Lactation Safety Barriers Recommendations

Epidemiologic investigation of pediatric distal humerus fractures: An American insurance claims database study

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 52-60页

作者： Kyle Jay Klahs Jake E Dertinger grant T Mello Kevin Thapa Alexis B Sandler E'Stephan J Jesus Garcia Nata parnes Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Texas Tech University Health Sciences-El PasoEl PasoTX 79905United States Medical School California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCA 93611United States Undergraduate School Binghampton UniversityVestalNY 13902United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery William Beaumont Army Medical CenterFort BlissTX 79918United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Carthage Area HospitalCarthageNY 13619United States

BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)fractures.AIM To evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric distal humerus fractures(SC,LC,and ME)from an American insurance claims database.METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients 17 years and younger with the ICD 9 and 10 codes for SC,LC and ME fractures based on the IBM Truven MarketScan®Commercial and IBM Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases.patients from 2015 to 2020 were queried for treatments,patient age,sex,length of hospitalization,and comorbidities.RESULTS A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 ME fractures were identified.SC fractures had the highest percentage of operation at 83%,followed by LC(78%)and ME fractures(41%).Male patients were,on average,older than female patients for both SC and ME fractures.CONCLUSION In the insurance claims databases used,SC fractures were the most reported,followed by LC fractures,and finally ME fractures.Age was identified to be a factor for how a pediatric distal humerus fractures,with patients with SC and LC fractures being younger than those with ME fractures.The peak age per injury per sex was similar to reported historic central tendencies,despite reported trends for younger physiologic development.

关键词： Supracondylar humerus fracture Lateral condyle fracture Medial epicondyle fracture pediatric elbow Truven Epidemiology

Did pediatric drug development advance epilepsy treatment in young patients?It is time for new research goals

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Methodology 2024年第2期14卷 65-74页

作者： Earl B Ettienne Emilio Russo pasquale Striano Jane M grant-Kels Klaus Rose College of pharmacy Howard University College of PharmacyWashingtonDC 20059United States Department of Health Sciences School of MedicineRussoUniversity"Magna Graecia"of CatanzaroCatanzaro 88100Italy IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova 16148Italy Department of Dermatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06032United States klausrose Consulting Pediatric Drug Development and moreMedical ScienceCH-4125 RiehenSwitzerland

Modern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ages.However,for young people with epilepsy,the framework of drug development has stalled.In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe,the misconception emerged that for peopleparate proof of efficacy and safety,overall called"pediatric drug development".For ASMs,this has changed to some degree.Authorities now accept that ASMs are effective inpolation of efficacy,"as if minors were another species.As a result,some of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was unnecessary.Even more importantly,this has hampered research on meaningful research goals.We do not need to confirm that ASMs work before as they do after the 18th birthday.Instead,we need to learn how to prevent brain damage in young patients by preventing seizures and optimize ASMs’uses.Herein we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.

关键词： Epilepsy pediatric drug development Therapeutic orphans Antiseizure medications pediatric investigation plan Clinical pharmacology