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Spontaneous mutations and mutational responses to penicillin treatment in the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae D39

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Marine Life Science & technology 2024年第2期6卷 198-211页

作者： Wanyue Jiang tongtong Lin Jiao Pan Caitlyn ERivera Clayton tincher Yaohai Wang Yu Zhang Xiang Gao Yan Wang Ho‑Ching t.tsui Malcolm E.Winkler Michael Lynch Hongan Long Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity KLMMEOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA School of Mathematics Science Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China State Key Laboratory of Microbial technology Microbial Technology InstituteSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA

Bacteria with functional DNA repair systems are expected to have low mutation rates due to strong natural selection for genomic ***,our study of the wild-type Streptococcus pneumoniae D39,a pathogen responsible for many common diseases,revealed a high spontaneous mutation rate of 0.02 per genome per cell division in mutation-accumulation(MA)*** rate is orders of magnitude higher than that of other non-mutator bacteria and is characterized by a high mutation bias in the A/t *** high mutation rate may have resulted from a reduction in the overall efficiency of selection,conferred by the tiny effective population size in *** line with this,*** D39 also exhibited the lowest DNA mismatch-repair(MMR)efficiency among *** with the antibiotic penicillin did not elevate the mutation rate,as penicillin did not induce DNA damage and *** lacks a stress response *** findings suggested that the MA results are applicable to within-host scenarios and provide insights into pathogen evolution.

关键词： Neutral evolution Mutation spectrum Antibiotics DNA mismatch repair Oxidative damage repair

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Natural disaster in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro state,Brazil:Assessment of the daily rainfall erosivity as an early warning index

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 547-556页

作者： Geovane J.Alves Carlos R.mello Li Guo Michael S.thebaldi Water Resources Department School of EngineeringFederal University of LavrasLavrasMG37200-900CP3037Brazil State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Rainfall erosivity is defined as the potential of rain to cause *** has great potential for application in studies related to natural disasters,in addition to water *** objectives of this study were:ⅰ)to model the Rday using a seasonal model for the Mountainous Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro(MRRJ);ⅱ)to adjust thresholds of the Rday index based on catastrophic events which occurred in the last two decades;andⅲ)to map the maximum daily rainfall erosivity(Rmaxday)to assess the region's suscepti-bility to rainfall hazards according to the established Rday *** fitted Rday model presented a satisfactory result,thereby enabling its application as a Rday estimate in *** that resulted in Rday>1500 MJ ***-1 were those with the highest number of *** spatial distribution of Rmaxday showed that the entire MRRJ has presented values that can cause major *** Rday index proved to be a promising indicator of rainfall disasters,which is more effective than those normally used that are only based on quantity(mm)and/or intensity(mm.h-1)of the rain.

关键词： Daily rainfall erosivity Rainfall hazards Brazilian mountainous regions Rainfall warning system

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Multitarget thiol-Activated tetrapyridyl Gold(Ⅲ)Complexes for Hypoxic Cancer therapy

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第3期6卷 783-797页

作者： Xue-Quan Zhou Selda Abyar Imma Carbo-Bague Lan Wang Sebastian türck Maxime ASiegler Uttara Basu Ingo Ott Rongfang Liu Adriaan PIJzerman Sylvestre Bonnet Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School(SIGS)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055 Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University2333 CC Leiden Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A 1S6 Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig38106 Braunschweig Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218 Division of Drug Discovery&Safety Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden University2333 CC Leiden

Gold complexes have emerged as promising anticancer metallodrugs due to their efficient thioredoxin reductase(trxR)inhibition,which disturbs the redox balance of cancer ***,in this model,the role of the ligand(s)coordinated to gold is often *** this work,we present a series of tetrapyridyl Au(Ⅲ)complexes that exhibit thiol-induced release of a Au(Ⅰ)ion and a tetrapyridyl *** formation of a free Au(Ⅰ)center is responsible for the expected trxR ***,the released ligand,which was visible in cells due to its intense blue fluorescence,showed excellent binding properties to the hERG potassium ***,these ligands ended up in the lysosomes,resulting in significant lysosome ***,the Au(Ⅲ)complexes presented in this work showed broad-spectrum anticancer properties,both in hypoxic 2D monolayers and 3D tumor *** suggest that the interaction of the released Au(Ⅰ)center and the tetrapyridyl ligand with two different protein targets may combine into prodrugs that overcome hypoxia-induced drug deactivation.

关键词： anticancer Au(Ⅲ)complexes enzyme inhibtion potassium channel affinity lysosome damage cell imaging prodrug

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Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen expression and hypertension

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Chronic Diseases and translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： Nicholas R.Powell tyler Shugg Jacob Leighty Matthew Martin Rolf P.Kreutz Michael t.Eadon Dongbing Lai tao Lu todd C.Skaar Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Pharmacology and toxicology School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Cardiology School of MedicineKrannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Background Hypertension(HtN)involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihypertensive *** previously reported that angiotensinogen(AGt)messenger RNA(mRNA)is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p and rs699 A>G decreases reporter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay *** AGt promoter variant rs5051 C>t is in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with rs699 A>G and increases AGt *** independent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased AGt by rs5051 C>t counterbalances AGt decreased by rs699 A>G,and when these variants occur independently,it translates to HtN-related *** We used in silico,in vitro,in vivo,and retrospective models to test this *** In silico,rs699 A>G is predicted to increase miR-122-5p binding affinity by 3%.Mir-eCLIP results show rs699 is 40–45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the AGt ***,rs699 A>G increases AGt mRNA in an AGt-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expression ***-tissue Expression(GtEx)and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver AGt expression and HtN phenotypes are not different when rs699 A>G occurs independently from rs5051 C>***,GtEx and the in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A>G confers cell-type-specific effects on AGt mRNA abundance,and suggest paracrine renal renin-angiotensin-system perturbations could mediate the rs699 A>G associations with *** We found that rs5051 C>t and rs699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank,demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White *** studies are warranted to determine if altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C>t or rs699 A>*** like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.

关键词： angiotensinogen genetic and genomic medicine hypertension rs699

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Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía M.López Baptista K.Watanabe t.taniguchi E.Diez J.E.Velázquez-Pérez Y.M.Meziani J.M.Caridad J.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada(LUMES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFEts)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(tHz)photodetection due to their fast response and *** features are essential to enable emerging tHz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and ***,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic *** this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFEt *** dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,*** results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical *** findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene tHz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

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Surgical management in pediatric neuroblastoma diagnosis and treatment:a 20-year,single-center experience

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期18卷 120-125页

作者： Brianna Spencer Akshilkumar Patel Robert Cilley Christa N.grant Department of Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical Center500 University DriveHersheyPA 17033USA Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine HersheyPAUSA Division of Pediatric Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical CenterHersheyPAUSA

Background the currently utilized International Neuroblastoma Risk Group(INRG)staging system developed in 2009 uses image-defined risk factors as a measure of surgical risk,separating resectable neuroblastoma from those best preceded by *** previous International Neuroblastoma Staging System was based primarily on surgical *** hypothesized there would be a change to the role of the surgeon in neuroblastoma treatment in the more recent *** this is a single center 20-year retrospective analysis of 104 patients with International Classification of Diseases-9 and-10 codes for *** demographics,tumor site,cancer treatment modality,survival,biopsy technique,surgical intervention,and pathology staging were *** was analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA)and Student’s t *** there was a decrease in open surgeries for extra-adrenal neuroblastomas in the later decade(77%,31%,P=0.01).there was a narrowing of the time interval to surgery in the later cohort,likely as a result of uniformity in surgical timing on treatment protocols relying on INRG *** Our findings mirror changes in practice patterns *** found an increase in minimally invasive approaches but did not find a difference in the role of the surgeon under the INRG staging system.

关键词： International Neuroblastoma Risk Group International Neuroblastoma Staging System MYCN Neuroblastoma Resection

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Effect of Si,Cu and Fe on mechanical properties of cast semi-solid 206 alloys

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第9期20卷 1555-1560页

作者： A.LEMIEUX J.LANGLAIS D.BOUCHARD X.grant CHEN Rio tinto Alcan Arvida Research and Development Centre Rio tinto Alcan Laterrière Works NRC-Aluminium technology Centre Université du Québec à Chicoutimi

the development of a modified 206 alloy whose composition was optimized to minimize hot tearing during semi-solid forming was reported. the effect of varying silicon, copper and iron contents was investigated using a design of experiment (DOE) approach. Semi-solid slurries were prepared using the SEED process and injected into a high pressure die casting press. the hot tearing sensitivity results were reported for different alloy variants. the microstructure evolution during the semi-solid preparation was presented along with actual die cast components. the effects of silicon, copper and iron on mechanical properties in the t7 condition were also analyzed. Beyond the benefit of reducing hot tearing, it is shown that the tensile and fatigue properties remain compatible with the automotive industry requirements.

关键词： semi-solid forming 206 aluminum alloy SEED process hot tearing mechanical properties

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Rapid Determination of Metabolites in Bio-fluid Samples by Raman Spectroscopy and Optimum Combinations of Chemometric Methods

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第11期29卷 2525-2532页

作者：卞希慧陈达蔡文生 grant, Edward 邵学广 esearch Center for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z1

the application of Raman spectroscopic techniques combined with multivariate chemometrics signal processing promise new means for the rapid multidimensional analysis of metabolites non-destructively, with little or no sample preparation and little sensitivity to water. However, Rayleigh scattering, fluorescence and uncontrolled variance present substantial challenges for the accurate quantitative analysis of metabolites at physiological levels in bio- logically varying samples. Effective strategies include the application of chemometrics pretreatments for reducing Raman spectral interference. However, the arbitrary application of individual or combined pretreatment procedures can significantly alter the outcome of a measurement, thereby complicating spectral analysis. this paper evaluates and compares six signal pretreatment methods for correcting the baseline variances, together with three variable se- lection methods for eliminating uninformative variables, all within the context of multivariate calibration models based on partial least squares （PLS） regression. Raman spectra of 90 artificial bio-fluid samples with eight urine metabolites at near-physiological concentrations were used to test these models. the combination of multiplicative scatter correction （MSC）, continuous wavelet transform （CWt）, randomization test （Rt） and PLS modeling pre- sented the best performance for all the metabolites. the correlation coefficient （R） between predicted and prepared concentration reached as high as 0.96.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy metabolites bio-fluids chemometrics multivariate calibration variable selection

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Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.L.Carvalho Lúcia P.S.Pimenta Alan R.t.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

the use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).the extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in ～1022W/cm2 laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期 95-110页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong t.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan t.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato,G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov t.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI) Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFC Institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University HB11 Energy Holdings Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR FZU±Institute of Physics ASCR Czech technical University in Prague Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine IStEQ AR

tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a～1022W/cm2laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy （i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length）and show that several diagnostics （in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays） can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast （it requires 10±20 laser shots） and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

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