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Compe.ition for food in 2 populations of a wild-caught fish

Curre.t Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 615-622页

作者： Pie.re.J.C. CHUARD grant e. brown Jame. W.A. grant Re.e.rch School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia De.artme.tof Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6

Aggre.sive.be.avior whe. compe.ing for re.ource. is e.pe.te. to incre.se.as the.ratio of compe.itors-to-re.ource.ratio （CRR） units incre.se.. Fe.ale. are.e.pe.te. to be.more.aggre.sive.than male. whe. compe.ing for food whe. body size.is more.strongly re.ate. to re.roductive.suc- ce.s in fe.ale. than in male., whe.e.s aggre.sion is pre.icte. to de.re.se.unde. high ambie.t pre.ation risk by natural se.e.tion. Unde. the.risk allocation mode., howe.e., individuals unde. high ambie.t pre.ation risk are.e.pe.te. to be.more.aggre.sive. and forage.more.in the.abse.ce.of immine.t risk than the.r low risk counte.parts. An inte.action be.we.n adult se. ratio （i.e., adult male./fe.ale.）, ambie.t pre.ation risk （high vs. low）, and se. on intrase.ual compe.ition for mate. in Trinidadian guppie. Poe.ilia re.iculata has be.n shown. The.inte.action sugge.te. an incre.se.in aggre.sion rate. as CRR incre.se., e.ce.t for male. from the.high pre.ation population. To compare.the.patte.ns of compe.ition for food ve.sus mate., we.re.licate. this study by using food patche.. We.allowe. 4 male.or 4 fe.ale.guppie. from high and low pre.ation populations to com- pe.e.for 5, 3, or 1 food patche.. The.foraging rate.was highe. in a high rathe. than low ambie.t pre. dation risk population. Surprisingly, CRR, se., and population of origin had no e.fe.t on aggre.sion rate.. De.pite.othe. e.vironme.tal diffe.e.ce. be.we.n the.2 populations, the.e.fe.t of ambie.t pre.ation risk may be.a like.y e.planation for diffe.e.ce. in foraging rate.. The.e.re.ults highlight the.importance.for individuals to se.ure.food de.pite.the.cost of compe.ition and pre.ation.

关键词： aggre.sion compe.itor-to-re.ource.ratio foraging Poe.ifia re.iculata population diffe.e.ce. pre.ation risk se.

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Compe.satory foraging in Trinidadian guppie.： e.fe.ts of acute.and chronic pre.ation thre.ts

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Curre.t Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 323-332页

作者： Chris K. e.VIDGe.Indar RAMNARINe.grant e. brown De.artme.t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada De.artme.t of Life.Scie.ce. University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

In re.ponse.to acute.pre.ation thre.ts, pre. may sacrifice.foraging opportunitie. in favour of incre.se. pre.ator avoidance. Unde. conditions of high or fre.ue.t pre.ation risk, such trade.ffs may le.d to re.uce. fitne.s. He.e. we.te.t the.pre.diction that pre. re.uce.the.costs associate. with lost opportunitie. following acute.pre.ation thre.ts by e.hibiting shortte.m compe.satory foraging re.ponse.. Unde. se.inatural conditions, we.e.pose. fe.ale.guppie. Poe.ilia re.iculate.from high and low pre.ation risk site. to one.of thre. le.e.s of acute.pre.ation thre.t （high, inte.me.iate.or low conce.trations of conspe.ific alarm cue.）. Our re.ults confirm pre.ious re.orts, de.onstrating that guppie. from a high pre.ation site.we.e.consiste.tly ＇bolde.＇（shorte. e.cape.late.cie.） and e.hibite. grade. thre.tse.sitive.re.ponse. to diffe.e.t simulate. thre.t le.e.s while.those.from the.low pre.ation site.we.e.＇shye.＇ and e.hibite. nongrade. re.ponse.. Most importantly, we.found that whe. guppie. from low pre.ation site. re.ume. foraging, the. did so at rate. significantly lowe. than base.ine.rate.. Howe.e., guppie. from high pre.a tion site. re.ume. foraging e.the. at rate. e.ual to base.ine.（in re.ponse.to low or inte.ae.iate.risk stimuli） or significantly in cre.se. re.ative.to base.ine.rate. （in re.ponse.to high risk stimuli）. Toge.he., the.e.re.ults highlight a comple. compe.satory be.havioral me.hanism that may allow pre. to re.uce.the.longte.m costs associate. with pre.ator avoidance.[Curre.t Zoology 60 （3）： 323-332, 2014 ].

关键词： Compe.satory be.aviour Pre.ator-pre. inte.actions Pe.sonality Thre.t-se.sitivity Trade.offs

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Inte.active.e.fe.ts of re.roductive.asse.s and ambie.t pre.ation risk on the.thre.t-se.sitive.de.isions of Trinidadian guppie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 221-226页

作者： Je.ma KATWAROO-ANDe.Se. Chris K. e.VIDGe.Indar RAMNARINe.grant e. brown De.artme.t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada De.artme.t of Life.Scie.ce. University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Thre.t-se.sitive.be.avioral trade.offs allow pre. animals to balance.the.conflicting de.ands of succe.sful pre.ator de.e.tion and avoidance.and a suite.of fitne.s-re.ate. activitie. such as forag- ing, mating, and te.ritorial de.e.se. He.e. we.te.t the.hypothe.is that background pre.ation le.e. and re.roductive.status inte.act to de.e.mine.the.form and inte.sity of thre.t-se.sitive.be.avioral de.isions of wild-caught fe.ale.Trinidadian guppie. Poe.ilia re.iculata. Gravid and nongravid gup- pie. colle.te. from high- and low-pre.ation pre.sure.populations we.e.e.pose. to se.ial dilutions of conspe.ific che.ical alarm cue.. Our re.ults de.onstrate.that the.e.was ＇no e.fe.t of re.roduct- ive.status on the.re.ponse.of fe.ale. originating from a low-pre.ation population, with both gravid and nongravid guppie. e.hibiting strong anti-pre.ator re.ponse. to the.lowe.t conce.tration of alarm cue. te.te.. Incre.sing cue.conce.trations did not re.ult in incre.se. in re.ponse.inte.sity. Conve.se.y, we.found a significant e.fe.t of re.roductive.status among guppie. from a high- pre.ation population. Nongravid fe.ale. from the.high-pre.ation population e.hibite. a strong grade. （proportional） re.ponse.to incre.sing conce.trations of alarm cue. Gravid fe.ale. from the.same.high-pre.ation population, howe.e., shifte. to a nongrade. re.ponse. Toge.he., the.e.re. sults de.onstrate.that accrue. re.roductive.asse.s influe.ce.the.thre.t-se.sitive.be.avioral de.i- sions of pre., but only unde. conditions of high-ambie.t pre.ation risk.

关键词： asse. prote.tion antipre.ator be.avior fitne.s trade.offs e.ological unce.tainty che.ical alarm cue..

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Local pre.ation risk shape. spatial and foraging ne.phobia patte.ns in Trinidadian guppie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 457-462页

作者： Chris K. e.VIDGe.Pie.re.J.C. CHUARD grant e. brown De.artme.t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada

The.＂dange.ous niche. hypothe.is posits that ne.phobia functions to re.uce.the.cost of habitat use.among animals e.pose. to unknown risks. For e.ample. more.dange.ous foraging or highe. compe.i- tion may le.d to incre.se. spatial ne.phobia. Like.ise. e.e.ate. ambie.t pre.ation thre.ts have.be.n shown to induce.phe.otypically plastic ne.phobic pre.ator avoidance. In both case., ne.phobia is argue. to re.uce.the.cost of living associate. with e.ological unce.tainty. He.e. we.te.t the.hypothe.is that ambie.t pre.ation shape. both ne.phobic pre.ator avoidance.and spatial and foraging ne.phobia in Trinidadian guppie.. Guppie. we.e.e.pose. to a nove. foraging are.a paire. with a known cue.（conspe.ific alarm cue., a nove. cue.（le.on odor）, or a stre.m wate. control in thre. stre.ms diffe.ing in ambie.t pre.ation risk. We.de.onstrate.that guppie. from a high-pre.ation-risk stre.m e.hibite. risk-ave.se.foraging patte.ns re.ardle.s of the.che.ical stimulus pre.e.te. （high spatial ne.phobia） and that those.from a low-pre.ation-risk stre.m we.e.only risk-ave.se.whe. the.foraging are.as we.e.paire. with conspe.ific alarm cue.（lowe. spatial ne.phobia）. Those.te.te. in the.inte.me.iate. pre.ation-risk stre.m we.e.consiste.tly inte.me.iate.to the.high-risk vs. low-risk populations. Our study sugge.ts that ambie.t pre.ation risk shape. both ne.phobic pre.ator avoidance.and space.use.pat- te.ns and that ne.phobia may function as a ＂ge.e.alize.＂ re.ponse.to e.ological unce.tainty.

关键词： phe.otypic plasticity pre.ator re.ognition foraging pre.ator re.ognition pre.ator-pre. inte.actions Trinidadian guppie..

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Pre.ation risk asse.sme.t base. on unce.tain information: inte.acting e.fe.ts of known and unknown cue.

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Curre.t Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 75-76页

作者： Laure.ce.e. A. Fe.te. e.ony e. M. De.e.s Indar W. Ramnarine.grant e. brown De.artme.t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Streeet West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6 De.artme.t of Life.Scie.ce. University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Pre. use.re.iable.public information in orde. to asse.s local habitat condirions such as pre.ation risks, compe.itive.inte.actions, and foraging opportunitie. (Dall e. al. 2005), allowing for conte.t appropriate.be.avioral de.isions. Howe.e., public information can ofte. diffe. wide.y in re.iability (Fe.te. and brown 2018), incre.sing the.pote.tial costs associate. with be.avioral de.ision making (Dall e. al. 2005). The.re.iability of public information is e.pe.te. to de.re.se.with in cre.se. un ce.tainty of e.vironme.tal conditio ns (Koops 2004;Dall e. al. 2005), whe.e.e.ological unce.tainty is the.ambiguity about the.curre.t state.of the.e.vironme.t due.to impe.fe.t or incomple.e.information (Dall e. al. 2005;Munoz and Blumste.n 2012;Fe.te. and brown 2018).

关键词： Pre. e.vironme.tal conditio

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Disturbance.cue. in fre.hwate. pre. fishe.： Doe. ure. function as an ＇e.rly warning cue. in juve.ile.convict cichlids and rainbow trout？

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Curre.t Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： grant e. brown Christophe. D. JACKSON Patrick H. MALKA e.isa JACQUe. Marc-Andre.COUTURIe. De.artme.t of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Fre.hwate. ve.te.rate.and inve.te.rate.pre. spe.ie. commonly re.y on che.ose.sory information, including non-injury re.e.se. disturbance.cue., to asse.s local pre.ation thre.ts. We.conducte. laboratory studie. to （1） de.e.mine.if ure. can function as a disturbance.cue.in juve.ile.convict cichlids and rainbow trout and （2） de.e.mine.if the.background le.e. of ure. influe.ce. the.be.avioral re.ponse.to a subse.ue.t pulse.of ure. （＇background noise. hypothe.is）. In the.first se.ie. of trials, juve. nile.cichlids and trout we.e.e.pose. to ure. at varying conce.trations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our re.ults sugge.t that both cichilds and trout e.hibite. functionally similar re.ponse. to ure. and conspe.ific disturbance.cue. and that incre.sing the.conce.tration of ure. re.ults in an incre.se.inte.sity of antipre.ator be.aviour. In the.se.ond se.ie. of trials, we.pre.e.pose. cichlids or trout to inte.me.iate.or high conce.trations of ure. （or a distille. wate. control） and the. te.te. for the.re.ponse.to a se.ond pulse.of ure. at at inte.me.iate.or high conce.trations （ve.sus a distille. wate. control）. Our re.ults de.on- strate.that pre.e.posure.to ure. re.uce. or e.iminate. the.re.ponse.to a se.ond pulse.of ure., supporting the.background noise.hy- pothe.is. Toge.he., our re.ults sugge.t that pulse. of ure., re.e.se. by disturbe. or stre.se. individuals, may function as an e.rly warning signal in fre.hwate. pre. spe.ie.

关键词： Disturbance.cue Me.abolic waste. Che.ose.sory risk asse.sme.t Pre.ator-pre. inte.actions Convict cichlids Rainbow trout

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e.ploring the.e.fe.ts of anthropoge.ic disturbance.on pre.ator inspe.tion activity in Trinidadian guppie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.P Brusse.u Laure.ce.e.A.Fe.te. Adam L.Crane.grant e.brown De.artme.t of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada De.artme.t of Biome.ical Scie.ce. WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Pre. animals are.ofte. face. with unce.tainty due.to having impe.fe.t information re.arding curre.t local conditions,including pre.ation risks and the.availability of re.iable.foraging opportunitie.(Dall 2010).As this unce.tainty incre.se.,the.probability of making costly be.avioral e.rors also incre.se.,le.ding to more.risk ave.se.be.avioral tactics(Fe.te. e. al.2019).For e.ample.Trinidadian guppie. Poe.ilia re.iculata are.far more.risk ave.se.whe. face. with multiple.unknown source. of risk asse.sme.t information than whe. face. with a mix of known and unknown cue.(Fe.te. e. al.2019).Pre. can re.uce.unce.tainty by gathe.ing and inte.rating private.and social information re.arding curre.t risk le.e.s within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumste.n 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information re.iability pre.ator-pre. inte.actions risk asse.sme.t unce.tainty

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Physical activity volume.fre.ue.cy,and inte.sity:Associations with hype.te.sion and obe.ity ove. 21 ye.rs in Australian wome.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第5期13卷 631-641页

作者： Gre.ore.I.Mie.ke.Ding Ding She.le. e.Ke.ting Bruno P.Nune. Ruth Brady We.dy J.brown School of Public He.lth The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Sydne. School of Public He.lth Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia The.Charle. Pe.kins Ce.tre The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Human Move.e.t and Nutrition Scie.ce. The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Nursing Federal University of PelotasPelotasRio Grande do Sul 96010-610Brazil Faculty of He.lth Scie.ce. and Me.icine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia

Background:Optimal patte.ns of accrual of re.omme.de. le.e.s of physical activity(PA)for pre.e.tion of hype.te.sion and obe.ity are.not *** ove.all aim of this study was to inve.tigate.whe.he. diffe.e.t patte.ns of accumulation of PA are.diffe.e.tially associate. with hype.te.sion and obe.ity in Australian wome. ove. 21 ***,we.inve.tigate. whe.he.,for the.same.we.kly volume.of PA,the.numbe. of se.sions(fre.ue.cy)and vigorousne.s of PA(inte.sity)we.e.associate. with a re.uction in the.occurre.ce.of hype.te.sion and obe.ity in ***:Data from the.1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the.Australian Longitudinal Study on Wome.'s He.lth we.e.analyze.(n=20,588;12%-16%with a Bache.or's or highe. de.re.).Se.f-re.orte. PA,hype.te.sion,he.ght,and we.ght we.e.colle.te. using mail surve.s e.e.y 3 ye.rs from 1998/2000 to 2019/*** e.timating e.uation mode.s with a 3-ye.r lag mode. we.e.use. to inve.tigate.the.association of PA volume.me.abolic e.uivale.t min/we.k)(none.33-499;500-999;≥1000,we.kly fre.ue.cy(none.1-2 time.;3-4time.;5-7 time.;≥8 time.),and the.proportion of vigorous PA to total volume.of PA(none.0%;1%-33%;34%-66%;67%-100%)with odds of hype.te.sion and obe.ity from 2000 to ***:The.cumulative.incide.ce.of hype.te.sion was 6%in the.1973-1978 and 23%in the.1946-1951 cohort;27%of wome. in the.1973-1978;and 15%in the.1946-1951 cohort de.e.ope. obe.ity ove. the.***,a highe. volume.of PA was associate. with re.uce. odds of hype.te.sion and *** the.volume.of PA was conside.e.,the.odds of hype.te.sion did not vary according to the.fre.ue.cy or inte.sity of ***,incre.se. proportion of vigorous PA to the.total volume.of PA was associate. with a small additional re.uction in the.risk of obe.***:PA volume.appe.rs to be.more.important than the.patte.n of accumulation for the.pre.e.tion of hype.te.sion and *** more.se.sions,particularly of vigorous-inte.sity PA,may provide.e.tr

关键词： Physical activity Fre.ue.cy Inte.sity Incide.ce. e.ide.iology Wome.

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e.ide.iologic inve.tigation of pe.iatric distal hume.us fracture.: An Ame.ican insurance.claims database.study

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World Journal of Orthope.ics 2024年第1期15卷 52-60页

作者： Kyle.Jay Klahs Jake.e.De.tinge. grant T Me.lo Ke.in Thapa Ale.is B Sandle. e.Ste.han J Je.us Garcia Nata Parne. De.artme.t of Orthopae.ic Surge.y Texas Tech University Health Sciences-El PasoEl PasoTX 79905United States Me.ical School California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCA 93611United States Unde.graduate.School Binghampton UniversityVestalNY 13902United States De.artme.t of Orthopae.ic Surge.y William Beaumont Army Medical CenterFort BlissTX 79918United States De.artme.t of Orthopae.ic Surge.y Carthage Area HospitalCarthageNY 13619United States

BACKGROUND Distal hume.us e.bow fracture. are.one.of the.most common traumatic fracture. se.n in pe.iatric patie.ts and pre.e.t as thre. main type.:Supracondylar(SC),late.al condyle.LC),and me.ial e.icondyle.Me.*** To e.aluate.the.e.ide.iology of pe.iatric distal hume.us fracture.(SC,LC,and Me.from an Ame.ican insurance.claims *** A re.rospe.tive.re.ie. was pe.forme. on patie.ts 17 ye.rs and younge. with the.ICD 9 and 10 code. for SC,LC and Me.fracture. base. on the.IBM Truve. Marke.Scan®Comme.cial and IBM Truve. Marke.Scan Me.icare.Supple.e.tal *** from 2015 to 2020 we.e.que.ie. for tre.tme.ts,patie.t age.se.,le.gth of hospitalization,and *** A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 Me.fracture. we.e.*** fracture. had the.highe.t pe.ce.tage.of ope.ation at 83%,followe. by LC(78%)and Me.fracture.(41%).Male.patie.ts we.e.on ave.age.olde. than fe.ale.patie.ts for both SC and Me.*** In the.insurance.claims database. use.,SC fracture. we.e.the.most re.orte.,followe. by LC fracture.,and finally Me.*** was ide.tifie. to be.a factor for how a pe.iatric distal hume.us fracture.,with patie.ts with SC and LC fracture. be.ng younge. than those.with Me.*** pe.k age.pe. injury pe. se. was similar to re.orte. historic ce.tral te.de.cie.,de.pite.re.orte. tre.ds for younge. physiologic de.e.opme.t.

关键词： Supracondylar hume.us fracture Late.al condyle.fracture Me.ial e.icondyle.fracture Pe.iatric e.bow Truve. e.ide.iology

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations e.able. by guide. fle.ural wave. on a me.brane.acoustic wave.uide.actuator

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Microsyste.s & Nanoe.gine.ring 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe.Vachon Srinivas Me.ugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal e.dwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua e.-Y.Le. Che.gkuo Le. De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute.of Microe.e.tronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMe.S Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of e.e.trical and Data e.gine.ring University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article.pre.e.ts an in-de.th e.ploration of the.acoustofluidic capabilitie. of guide. fle.ural wave.(GFWs)ge.e.ate. by a me.brane.acoustic wave.uide.actuator(MAWA).By harne.sing the.pote.tial of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advance. particle.manipulation functions are.achie.e.,unlocking ne. ave.ue. for microfluidic syste.s and lab-on-a-chip *** localize. acoustofluidic e.fe.ts of GFWs arising from the.e.ane.ce.t nature.of the.acoustic fie.ds the. induce.inside.a liquid me.ium are.nume.ically inve.tigate. to highlight the.r unique.and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic te.hnologie.,the.GFWs propagating on the.MAWA’s me.brane.wave.uide.allow for cavity-agnostic particle.manipulation,irre.pe.tive.of the.re.onant prope.tie. of the.fluidic ***,the.acoustofluidic functions e.able. by the.de.ice.de.e.d on the.fle.ural mode.populating the.active.re.ion of the.me.brane.*** de.onstrations using two type. of particle. include.in-se.sile.drople. particle.transport,mixing,and spatial se.aration base. on particle.diame.e.,along with stre.ming-induce. counte.-flow virtual channe. ge.e.ation in microfluidic PDMS *** e.pe.ime.ts e.phasize.the.ve.satility and pote.tial applications of the.MAWA as a microfluidic platform targe.e. at lab-on-a-chip de.e.opme.t and showcase.the.MAWA’s compatibility with e.isting microfluidic syste.s.

关键词： wave.uide fluid cavity

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