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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： Sarah BUCKINGHAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas j.COWAN julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi jFOX Asma jEBARI Becky jENKINS Dominika j.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven j.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN john WILLIAMS jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The james Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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高压油藏钻井过程中的压力控制

国外油田工程 2002年第8期18卷 19-22页

作者： Robert A.graham Peter j.C.Schermer 石道涵王国斌长庆油田采油一厂华北石油管理局井下作业大队

在高压油藏钻井过程中 ,为控制井底循环压力、减小风险 ,常规方法是采用过平衡压力钻井。过平衡压力钻井特别容易造成井口压力过高或钻井液密度过大。井口压力过高 ,对司钻人员及井口设备不利 ;钻井液密度过大增加了钻井成本。动态压力... 详细信息

在高压油藏钻井过程中 ,为控制井底循环压力、减小风险 ,常规方法是采用过平衡压力钻井。过平衡压力钻井特别容易造成井口压力过高或钻井液密度过大。井口压力过高 ,对司钻人员及井口设备不利 ;钻井液密度过大增加了钻井成本。动态压力控制方法是针对高压油层钻井而开发的一种新技术。它是在油井内建立第二个环空 ,通过第二环空循环液体的摩擦压力损失来控制井底压力 ,它使低压头钻井和欠平衡动态钻井成为切实可行的方法。

关键词：高压油气藏钻井动态控制压力控制

Interleukin-6 mediates neutrophil mobilization from bone marrow in pulmonary hypertension

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 374-384页

作者： jonathan Florentin jingsi Zhao Yi-Yin Tai Sathish Babu Vasamsetti Scott P.O’Neil Rahul Kumar Anagha Arunkumar Annie Watson john Sembrat Grant C.Bullock Linda Sanders Biruk Kassa Mauricio Rojas Brian B.graham Stephen Y.Chan Partha Dutta Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine Pittsburgh HeartLungBloodand Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15213USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoBuilding 1002nd floor1001 Potrero AveSan FranciscoCAUSA Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261USA Division of Hematopathology Pittsburgh HeartLungBloodand Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15213USA Department of Medicine Anschutz Medical CampusBuilding RC29th floor12700 E 19th AveAuroraCO80045USA Department of Immunology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15213USA

Myeloid cells,such as neutrophils,are produced in the bone marrow in high quantities and are important in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension(PH).Although neutrophil recruitment into sites of inflammation has been well studied,the mechanisms of neutrophil egress from the bone marrow are not well *** computational flow cytometry,we observed increased neutrophils in the lungs of patients and mice with ***,we found elevated levels of IL-6 in the blood and lungs of patients and mice with *** observed that transgenic mice overexpressing Il-6 in the lungs displayed elevated neutrophil egress from the bone marrow and exaggerated neutrophil recruitment to the lungs,resulting in exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling,and dysfunctional ***,we found that IL-6-induced neutrophil egress from the bone marrow was dependent on interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF-4)-mediated CX3CR1 expression in ***,Cx3cr1 genetic deficiency in hematopoietic cells in Il-6-transgenic mice significantly reduced neutrophil egress from bone marrow and decreased neutrophil counts in the lungs,thus ameliorating pulmonary remodeling and *** summary,these findings define a novel mechanism of IL-6-induced neutrophil egress from the bone marrow and reveal a new therapeutic target to curtail neutrophil-mediated inflammation in pulmonary vascular disease.

关键词： neutrophil IL-6 pulmonary hypertension CX3CR1 inflammation

世界家庭医生组织(WONCA)研究论文摘要汇编——全科医生对儿童湿疹的诊断和管理:一项在全科诊所开展的定性研究

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中国全科医学 2018年第9期 1123-1123页

作者： LE ROUX E POWELL K banks j P 本刊编辑部

背景湿疹是儿童常见的一种皮肤病。在英国,大多数儿童湿疹由全科医生诊疗。不适当的局部治疗是导致该病发病率居高不下的主要原因。目前尚缺乏全科医生对儿童湿疹诊断和管理的相关研究。目的调查全科医生对儿童湿疹的诊疗经验。设计与... 详细信息

背景湿疹是儿童常见的一种皮肤病。在英国,大多数儿童湿疹由全科医生诊疗。不适当的局部治疗是导致该病发病率居高不下的主要原因。目前尚缺乏全科医生对儿童湿疹诊断和管理的相关研究。目的调查全科医生对儿童湿疹的诊疗经验。设计与场所本研究在英国全科诊所进行。方法对15例全科医生进行了半结构式访谈。访谈内容均被录音、记录,并使用框架法对主题进行分析。结果调查结果显示,全科医生缺乏相关的皮肤科知识培训。尽管大部分全科医生可以自信地诊断不复杂的湿疹,但是在开外用药时,其并不知道多少剂量是合适的。大部分全科医生通常是在多次治疗失败之后,才能确定合适的剂量。低效和中效外用皮质类固醇是常用药物,但是大多数全科医生没信心向患儿家属推荐此类药物,他们认为患儿父母或者照护者害怕使用所有类型的外用皮质类固醇药物。全科医生了解到患儿的治疗依从性较低,因此向患儿介绍了不同的自我护理方法。很少有全科医生定期回顾药物使用情况或湿疹控制情况,这是其工作的一个短板。全科医生对湿疹的病因及治疗的看法与患儿父母及其照护者不同,患儿父母及其照护者通常认为该病是由过敏等潜在因素引起。结论全科医生对儿童湿疹治疗的不确定性,对该病常规的治疗知识了解较少,很少定期回顾治疗情况,以及对此病的病因和治疗看法与患儿父母不同,可能导致了较低的治疗依从性。

关键词：儿童湿疹患儿父母全科医生 WONCA

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慢性阻塞性肺疾病知识（四）非药物治疗

英国医学杂志中文版 2007年第4期10卷 240-243页

作者： Graeme P Currie j graham Douglas 刘毅（译）代华平（校）

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种进行性的疾病，并且多数情况下不可逆转。单用药物治疗很难达到最佳的短期和长期疗效。因此，人们越来越多地关注非药物策略及多学科综合治疗方法。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD) 非药物治疗疾病知识综合治疗方法长期疗效进行性可逆转

一维/二维W_(18)O_(49)/多孔g-C_(3)N_(4)梯形异质结构建及其光催化析氢性能研究

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物理化学学报 2022年第7期38卷 7-15页

作者：黄悦梅飞飞张金锋代凯 graham Dawson 淮北师范大学污染物敏感材料与环境修复安徽省重点实验室安徽淮北235000 西交利物浦大学化学系江苏苏州215123

提高光催化分解水制氢的效率是能量转换领域的关键挑战。本研究首先合成了二维多孔氮化碳(PCN),然后在二维PCN上原位生长了一维W_(18)O_(49)(WO),形成了一种新型的梯形(S型)异质结。该异质结可以加快界面电荷的分离和转移,赋予WO/PCN体... 详细信息

提高光催化分解水制氢的效率是能量转换领域的关键挑战。本研究首先合成了二维多孔氮化碳(PCN),然后在二维PCN上原位生长了一维W_(18)O_(49)(WO),形成了一种新型的梯形(S型)异质结。该异质结可以加快界面电荷的分离和转移,赋予WO/PCN体系更好的氧化还原能力。此外,具有多孔结构的PCN提供了更多的催化活性位点。与WO和PCN相比,20%WO/PCN复合材料具有更高的H_(2)产率(1700μmol∙g^(−1)∙h^(−1)),是PCN(30μmol∙g^(−1)∙h^(−1))的56倍。本研究提供了一种新S型光催化剂用于光催化制氢领域。

关键词： S型光催化制氢 W_(18)O_(49) 多孔氮化碳异质结

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Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health,postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 493-503页

作者： S.Meier j.K.Kay B.Kuhn-Sherlock A.Heiser M.D.Mitchell M.A.Crookenden M.Vailati Riboni j.j.Loor j.R.Roche DairyNZ Limited Private Bag 3221Hamilton 3240New Zealand AgResearch Hopkirk Research InstituteGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand Centre for Children’s Health Research Queensland University of TechnologyLevel 662 Graham StreetSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia DairyNZ Limited c/o University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Ministry for Primary Industries-ManatūAhu Matua Charles Ferguson TowerPipiteaWellington 6140New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand

Background:In seasonal,pasture-based,dairy production systems,cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 *** achieve this,the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular *** these processes are affected by the cows’nutritional or metabolic status post-calving,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health,the length of postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive *** treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period(far-off period;starting 4-month pre-calving)and three close-up dry period feeding regimes(1-month pre-calving)in a 2×3 factorial *** randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off *** late lactation,the herds(n=75 cows per herd)were either control-fed(Controlfed)or over-fed(Overfed)to achieve a low or high body condition score(4-month pre-calving;BCS;~4.25 and^4.75;10-point scale)at cessation of *** each of these treatments,three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period(1-month pre-calving):~65%(Feed65),~90%(Feed90),or^120%(Feed120)of metabolizable energy(ME)intakes relative to pre-calving ***:Uterine health improved(***(PMN)cells declined)with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed *** reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PMN at the highest intakes during the close-up *** postpartum anoestrous interval(PPAI)was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed(Feed90)during the close-up period;in comparison,the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group,when those cows were overfed in the close-up period(Feed120).The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes(Feed90)during the close-up period;these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed inta

关键词： Close-up Dairy cows Far-off Reproduction Transition period

A hybrid organic-inorganic polariton LED

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 475-485页

作者： Rahul jayaprakash Kyriacos Georgiou Harriet Coulthard Alexis Askitopoulos Sai K.Rajendran David M.Coles Andrew j.Musser jenny Clark Ifor D.W.Samuel graham A.Turnbull Pavlos G.Lagoudakis David G.Lidzey Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of SheffieldHicks BuildingHounsfield RoadSheffield S37RHUK Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology MoskvaRussia Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY169SSUK Baker Laboratory Cornell University259 East AvenueIthacaNY 14850USA

Polaritons are quasi-particles composed of a superposition of excitons and photons that can be created within a strongly coupled optical ***,we describe a structure in which a strongly coupled microcavity containing an organic semiconductor is coupled to a second microcavity containing a series of weakly coupled inorganic quantum *** show that optical hybridisation occurs between the optical modes of the two cavities,creating a delocalised polaritonic *** electrically injecting electron–hole pairs into the inorganic quantum-well system,we are able to transfer energy between the cavities and populate organic-exciton *** approach represents a new strategy to create highly efficient devices for emerging‘polaritonic’technologies.

关键词： state. inorganic polar

广州生物库队列人群心脑血管病相关基因多态性研究

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中华预防医学杂志 2010年第1期44卷 65-69页

作者：刘斌江朝强 graham Neil Thomas 劳向前林洁明岳晓军张维森朱彤林大庆广州市第十二人民医院分子流行病研究室 510620 中国香港大学社会医学系

目的应用Taqman单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分型法检测广州生物库队列人群心脑血管疾病相关基因的多态性。方法从广州生物库队列研究（GBCS）中选取2000名研究对象，应用ABI7900HT型荧光定量PCR仪并采用TaqmanSNP分型法检测该人群rs4220、rs5... 详细信息

目的应用Taqman单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分型法检测广州生物库队列人群心脑血管疾病相关基因的多态性。方法从广州生物库队列研究（GBCS）中选取2000名研究对象，应用ABI7900HT型荧光定量PCR仪并采用TaqmanSNP分型法检测该人群rs4220、rs5368及rs285等15个心脑血管疾病相关基因多态性。对检测的基因分型数据采用遗传平衡定律检测，并与国际染色体单倍型计划（HapMap）的中国人群数据进行比较。结果（1）所有15个SNP的分型数据均满足遗传平衡定律；（2）有两个SNP的分型数据与HapMap的中国人群数据差异有统计学意义（rs422028．2％对17．8％，χ^2=4．891，P=0．028；rs536822．1％对32．2％，χ^2=5．137，P=0．024）。对比美国Perlegen公司人类遗传变异研究（AFD—CHN—PANEL）、美国科学基金会等位基因频率数据库（ALFRED）、日本生物信息学协会（***）等多个基因库数据，造成本研究SNP频率不同于HapMap的中国人群数据的原因是华南人群在遗传背景上与北方人群有一定的差异。结论本研究的数据可能更能反映南方人的特性，冈此，建立大样本的广州人群心脑血管疾病相关基因多态性数据库以研究基因与环境对心脑血管疾病的影响是必要的。

关键词：心血管疾病基因多态性,单核甘酸生物标本库