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Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs. 2-legged pedaling

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 99-106页

作者： Sangsoo Park graham e.Caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and ***,muscular usage in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling is not fully ***,the study was aimed to examine changes in leg muscle activation patterns between 2-legged and 1-legged ***:Fifteen healthy young recreational cyclists performed both 1-legged and 2-legged pedaling trials at about 30 Watt per *** electromyography electrodes were placed on 10 major muscles of the left *** envelope electromyography data were integrated to quantify muscle activities for each crank cycle quadrant to evaluate muscle activation ***:Overall,the prescribed constant power requirements led to reduced downstroke crank torque and extension-related muscle activities(vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,and soleus)in 1-legged ***-related muscle activities(biceps femoris long head,semitendinosus,lateral gastrocnemius,medial gastrocnemius,tensor fasciae latae,and tibialis anterior)in the upstroke phase increased to compensate for the absence of contralateral leg crank *** the upstroke,simultaneous increases were seen in the hamstrings and uni-articular knee extensors,and in the ankle plantarflexors and *** the top of the crank cycle,greater hip flexor activity stabilized the ***:The observed changes in muscle activities are due to a variety of changes in mechanical aspects of the pedaling motion when pedaling with only 1 leg,including altered crank torque patterns without the contralateral leg,reduced pelvis stability,and increased knee and ankle stiffness during the upstroke.

关键词： electromyography Muscle activity One-leg Pedaling

From thermal conductive to thermal insulating:effect of carbon vacancy content on lattice thermal conductivity of ZrC_(x)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 105-113页

作者： Yue Zhou William G.Fahrenholtz Joseph graham Gregory e.Hilmas Department of Materials Science and engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

Lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide(ZrC_(x),x=1,0.75 and 0.5)ceramics with different carbon vacancy concentrations were calculated using a combination of first-principles calculations and the Debye-Callaway *** Gruneisen parameters,Debye temperatures,and phonon group velocities were deduced from phonon dispersions of ZrC_(x) determined using first-principles *** addition,the effects of average atomic mass,grain size,average atomic volume and Zr isotopes on the lattice thermal conductivities of ZrC_(x) were analyzed using phonon scattering *** lattice thermal conductivity decreased as temperature increased for ZrC,ZrC_(0.75) and ZrC_(0.5)(Zr2 C),and decreased as carbon vacancy concentration ***,ZrC_(x) can be tailored from a thermal conducting material for ZrC with high lattice thermal conductivity to a thermal insulating material for ZrC_(0.5) with low lattice thermal ***,it opens a window to tune the thermal properties of ZrC_(x) by controlling the carbon vacancy content.

关键词： Zirconium carbide Lattice thermal conductivity Theoretical study First-principle calculations

Response to: Caution needed when interpreting muscle activity patterns during extremely low pedaling cadence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 109-110页

作者： Sangsoo Park graham e.Caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Dear editor,We would like to thank Drs Sun and Li for their interests and observations for our recently published article entitled“Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling”.We have carefully read their letter and agree with their underlying premise that our low cadence is not indicative of competitive,recreational,or(in some cases)clinical 2-legged pedaling ***,our results were not meant to be extrapolated to higher cadences,as clearly stated in the Limitations Section of the Discussion:“The results of this study do not necessarily extend to muscular control in one-legged pedaling tasks with different mechanical demands,as our participants were asked to perform pedaling tasks with relatively low crank torque and velocity.”1 Further,we stand by the initial statement of the Abstract that“One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and clinicians.”In the Introduction we cite 2 studies2,3 that refer to 1-legged cycling:“As such,1-legged pedaling has been suggested as a training tool to improve pedaling performance and is used in clinical settings for rehabilitation.”1 Our opening Abstract statement(which would presumably be read before the Results and Discussion)was not meant to imply that our study results would be directly applicable to elite cyclists and all clinical populations/treatments,as Drs Sun and Li seem to infer.

关键词： statement elite interpreting

What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： Sarah P F Bonny graham e Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

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Liver iron transport

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第35期13卷 4725-4736页

作者： Ross M graham Anita CG Chua Carly e Herbison John K Olynyk Debbie Trinder School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia Western Australian Institute for Medical ResearchNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia

The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors （TFRI and 2）, a ferrireductase （STeAP3）, the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 （DMT1） and ferroportin （FPN） as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFe and haemojuvelin （HJV）, which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.

关键词： Liver Iron homeostasis Iron uptake Iron release Iron transporters Hereditary haemochromatosis

Analysis of microscopic properties of radiative shock experiments performed at the Orion laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2018年第2期6卷 189-201页

作者： R.Rodriguez G.espinosa J.M.Gil e Suzuki-Vidal T.Clayson C.Stehle e graham IUNAT Departamento de FisicaUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria35017 Las Palmas de Gran CanariaSpain Instituto de Fusion Nuclear Universidad Politecnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Blackett Laboratory Imperial CollegeLondon SW7 2AZUK LeRMA Sorbonne UniversitesUPMCObservatoire de ParisPSL Research UniversityCNRSF-75006 ParisFrance AWe AldermastonReading RG7 4PRUK

In this work we have conducted a study on the radiative and spectroscopic properties of the radiative precursor and the post-shock region from experiments with radiative shocks in xenon performed at the Orion laser facility. The study is based on post-processing of radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the experiment. In particular, we have analyzed the thermodynamic regime of the plasma, the charge state distributions, the monochromatic opacities and emissivities, and the specific intensities for plasma conditions of both regions. The study of the intensities is a useful tool to estimate ranges of electron temperatures present in the xenon plasma in these experiments and the analysis performed of the microscopic properties commented above helps to better understand the intensity spectra. Finally, a theoretical analysis of the possibility of the onset of isobaric thermal instabilities in the post-shock has been made, concluding that the instabilities obtained in the radiative-hydrodynamic simulations could be thermal ones due to strong radiative cooling.

关键词： high-power lasers laboratory experiments on radiative shocks plasma radiative properties spectroscopy

The Roper-Suffridge extension operator and classes of biholomorphic mappings Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1539-1552页

作者： graham Ian KOHR Gabriela Department of Mathematics University of Toronto TorontoOntario M5S 2E4Canada Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Babes-Bolyai University 1 M. Kogǎlniceanu Str. 400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

In this paper we give a survey about the Roper-Suffridge extension operator and the developments in the theory of univalent mappings in several variables to which it has led. We begin with the basic geometric properties (most of which now have a number of different proofs)and discuss relations with the theory of Loewner chains and generalizations and modifications of the operator, some of which are very recent.

关键词： convex mapping, starlike mapping, Roper-Suffridge operator, growth theorem, distortion theorem, covering theorem, Loewner chain, parametric representation,extreme points, linear invariant family.

Comparison of Iterative Feedback Tuning Search Techniques

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武汉理工大学学报 2006年第S1期28卷 62-67页

作者： graham e. A. Gamage P. Department of Mechnical engineering the University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand

Iterative feedback tuning is an attractive method for industry as it is a model free approach using experiments conducted on the plant to tune controller parameters. Classically Gauss-Newton iterative methods are used in IFT to update the controller parameters in the negative gradient direction of a specified design criterion function. Levenburg-Marquardt and Trust-Region strategies offer attractive advantages to Gauss-Newton in many applications,these alternative methods are given and results from simulation presented. A discussion on the differences between line search methods and Trust-Region methods is given showing the Trust-Region search direction is more flexible. Step size selection is often the limiting factor and it is found that with unknown step size values and initial controller parameters the Trust-Region is the best selection,where as if overshoot is a concern Levenburg-Marquardt is a good ***-Newton method provides quick convergence and a fast response time however it shows more dependence on the step size.

关键词： comparison iterative feedback tuning Gauss-Newton method

From foredeep to orogenic wedge-top: The Cretaceous Songliao retroforeland basin, China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 65-73页

作者： Zhiqiang Feng Stephan A.graham Petroleum exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECNo.197 Baisha Rd.Beijing 112206China Department of Geological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Songliao Basin,the largest Mesozoic intracontinental nonmarine basin in eastern China,initiated during the latest Jurassic as a backarc extensional basin;rifting failed and thermal cooling controlled subsidence through the early Late *** 2-D and 3D reflection seismic and borehole data with regional geological studies,we interpret sedimentary sequence and structural patterns of the Coniacian-Maastrichtian fill of Songliao Basin as defining a retroforeland basin system developed after 88 Ma(marked by the T11 unconformity in the basin),including(1)significant increase in the thickness of the Nenjiang Formation eastward towards orogenic highlands of the Zhangguangcai Range and the convergent continental margin;(2)a shift of detrital provenance in the basin from north to southeast;and(3)propagation of e-W shortened structures,increasing eastward in amplitude,frequency,and degree of inversion toward the *** latest Cretaceous,foreland basin fill progressively deformed,as the foredeep evolved to a wedge-top tectonic setting,marked by the basin-wide T04 unconformity within the upper Nenjiang Formation at 81.6 *** of the basin was brought into the orogenic wedge and eroded by the end of the *** Jurassic/early Cretaceous backarc rifting of uncratonized basement comprised of accreted terranes likely facilitated and localized the *** normal faults reactivated and extensively inverted as thrust faults are prominent in the eastern 1/3 of the basin,whereas folds developed above detachments in shaley early post-rift strata dominate the western 2/3 of the *** foreland development likely was driven by changing plate dynamics and collision along the Pacific margin after 88 Ma.

关键词： Retroforeland basin Intracontinental basin Seismic reflection and borehole data Lithospheric plate dynamics Songliao basin