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The benefits of being dominant:health correlates of male social rank and age in a marmot

Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 19-26页

作者： Kenta UCHIdA Rachel NG Samuel A.VYdRO Jennifer E.smith daniel T.BLUMSTEIN department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA department of Biology Mills CollegeOaklandCA 94613USA The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA

The benefits of dominance may not come without costs,particularly for *** example,the“immunocompetence handicap hypothesis”states that males with enhanced mating success allocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current health,whereas the“resource quality hypothesis”predicts that high-ranking males may benefit from increased reproduction and good *** the predictions from each have been well tested in captive animals and in a variety of highly social primates,fewer studies have been carried out in free-living,facultatively social *** adult male yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer),we evaluated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between social rank and 2 health indicators—fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(FCM)levels,and neutrophil/lymphocyte(N/L)ratios—after accounting for variation explained by age,body mass,and *** found that higher-ranking males tended to have a lower N/L ratio(reflecting good health)than lower-ranking individuals,whereas FCM levels were not significantly related to *** addition,heavier male marmots had lower N/L ratios,whereas body mass was not associated with FCM *** also found that older adult males had lower FCM levels(reflecting less physiological stress)but higher N/L ratios than younger ***,we found that FCM levels decreased as the active season progressed and FCM levels were associated with the time of the ***,our results suggest that socially-dominant male marmots enjoyed better,not worse health in terms of lower N/L ratios.

关键词： immunocompetence handicap hypothesis life history trade-offs N/L ratio physiological stress resource quality hypothesis

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Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage:Timing,effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5317-5323页

作者： Matthew RL Brown graeme Jones Kathryn L Nash Mark Wright Indra Neil Guha National Institute for Health Research Nottingham digestive diseases Centre Biomedical Research Unit Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustE Level West BlockQueens Medical Centre CampusDerby RoadNottinghamNG7 2UHUnited kingdom department of Microbiology Southampton University Hospital TrustLevel BSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonS016 6YDUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Southampton University Hospital TrustLevel FSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonSO16 6YDUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate if antibiotics administered within 8 h of endoscopy reduce mortality or increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection(CdI).METHOdS:A 2-year retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with first variceal hemorrhage was *** primary outcome measure was 28-d *** outcome measures were 28-d rebleeding rates and 28-d incidence of *** patients were admitted to a tertiary liver unit with a consultantled,24-h endoscopy *** received standard care including terlipressin *** collection included:primary and secondary outcome measures,timing of first administration of intravenous antibiotics,eti-ology of liver disease,demographics,endoscopy details and complications.A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CdI in the study population and general medical inpatients admitted for antibiotic therapy of at least 5 d *** analysis was undertaken using univariate,non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression ***:There were 70 first presentations of variceal hemorrhage during the study *** percent of cases were male and 65.7% were due to chronic alcoholic liver *** total,64/70(91.4%) patients received antibiotics as prophylaxis during their ***,53/70(75.7%) received antibiotics either before endoscopy or within 8 h of endoscopy [peri-endoscopy(8 h) group],whereas 17/70(24.3%) received antibiotics at > 8 h after endoscopy or not at all(non peri-endoscopy group).Overall mortality and rebleeding rates were 13/70(18.6%) and 14/70(20%),*** periendoscopy(8 h) group was significantly less likely to die compared with the non peri-endoscopy group [13.2% vs 35.3%,P = 0.04,odds ratio(OR) = 0.28(0.078-0.997)] and showed a trend towards reduced rebleeding [17.0% vs 29.4%,P = 0.27,OR = 0.49(0.14-1.74)].On univariate analysis,the non peri-endoscopy group [P = 0.02,OR = 3.58(1.00-12.81)],higher mode

关键词： Variceal hemorrhage Mortality Antibiotics Prophylaxis Clostridium difficile

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distal triceps injuries(including snapping triceps):A systematic review of the literature

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世界骨科杂志：英文版 2017年第6期8卷 507-513页

作者： Kimberley Shuttlewood James Beazley Christopher d smith Royal devon and Exeter Hospital

AIM To review current literature on types of distal triceps injuryand determine diagnosis and appropriate *** We performed a systematic review in PubM ed, Cochrane and EMBASE using the terms distal triceps tears and snapping triceps on the 10 th January 2017. We excluded all animal, review, foreign language and repeat papers. We reviewed all papers for relevance and of the papers left we were able to establish the types of distal triceps injury, how these injuries are diagnosed and investigated and the types of management of these injuries including surgical. The results are then presented in a review paper *** Three hundred and seventy-nine papers were identified of which 65 were relevant to distal triceps injuries. After exclusion we had 47 appropriate papers. The papers highlighted 2 main distal triceps injuries: distal triceps tears and snapping triceps. Triceps tear are more common in males than females occurring in the 4th-5th decade of life and often due to a direct trauma but are also strongly associated with weightlifting and American football. The tears are diagnosed by history and clinically with a palpable gap. diagnosis can be confirmed with the use of ultrasound(US) and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment depends on type of tear. Partial tears can be treated conservatively with bracing and physio whereas acute tears need repair either open or arthroscopic using suture anchor or bone tunnel techniques with similar success. Chronic tears often need augmenting with tendon allograft or autograft. Snapping triceps are also seen more in men than women but at a mean age of 32 years. They are characterized by a snapping sensation mostly medially and can be associated with ulna nerve subluxation and ulna nerve symptoms. US is the diagnostic modality of choice due to its dynamic nature and to differentiate between snapping triceps tendon or ulna nerve. Treatment is conservative initially with activity avoidance and if that fails surgi

关键词： Triceps distal Tear Rupture Snapping Partial thickness Biomechanical Anatomy

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乙二醛诱导细胞凋亡的近红外表面增强拉曼光谱

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高等学校化学学报 2008年第2期29卷 254-257页

作者：唐宏武 smith d．A．武汉大学化学与分子科学学院武汉430072 Institute of Molecular Biophysics University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

将60nm金纳米粒子导入到活的人骨肉瘤细胞中,用近红外表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术获取细胞内化学成分的高分辨SERS信息.对正常活性细胞和乙二醛诱导的凋亡细胞的比较研究表明,对于正常活性的细胞,金纳米探针主要分布在细胞质内(围绕细胞... 详细信息

将60nm金纳米粒子导入到活的人骨肉瘤细胞中,用近红外表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术获取细胞内化学成分的高分辨SERS信息.对正常活性细胞和乙二醛诱导的凋亡细胞的比较研究表明,对于正常活性的细胞,金纳米探针主要分布在细胞质内(围绕细胞核),而凋亡细胞内的金纳米探针的分布较为均匀,在遍布凋亡细胞内的各个位置包括细胞表面均容易找到dNA片段的信息.

关键词：表面增强拉曼散射金纳米探针骨肉瘤细胞细胞凋亡细胞成分

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Impact of Tillage and Fertilizer Application Method on Gas Emissions in a Corn Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 604-615页

作者： K. smith d. WATTS T. WAY H. TORBERT S. PRIOR department of Math Science and Technology University of Minnesota Crookston Crookston MN 56716 (USA) USdA-ARS National Soil dynamics Laboratory 411 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36832 (USA)

Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions followed GRACEnet (greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network) protocols to assess the effects of different tillage (conventional vs. no-tillage) and fertilizer placement (subsurface banding vs. surface application) practices in a corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), ammonium nitrate (AN) and poultry litter (M) applied at a rate of 170 kg ha-1 of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss (CO2 and N2O) compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词：温室气体排放量耕作方式施肥方法裁剪系统玉米间套作 CH4通量家禽粪便

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dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 133-152页

作者： Abdoulaye diawara djibril Mamadou Coulibaly drissa Kone Mama A. Traore drissa Konaté dicko S. Bazi Oumar Kassogue djeneba Sylla Fatoumata Gniné Fofana Oudou diabaté Mariam Traore Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao Kaly Keїta Mamadou diarra Olivia smith Jian Li Cheickna Cisse Talib Yusuf Abbas Crystal Zheng Segun Fatumo Kassim Traore Mamadou Wele Mahamadou diakité Seydou O. doumbia Jeffrey G. Shaffer University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali National Federation of Community Health Associations Bamako Mali department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu USA department Biostatistics and data Science School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA department of Biotechnology and Computer Science Burhani College Mazgaon Mumbai India School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Medical Research Council Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK departement of Biochemistry and Genetics duquesne University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA

dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2d) and is linked with T2d comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. dyslipidemia in T2d is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HdL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be captured through routine surveillance. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demo-graphic profile of dyslipidemia in T2d in the rural community of Ganadougou, Mali. We performed a cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2d in Ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and serological analyses. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2d patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (P = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LdL-C) was the most common lipid abnormality (78.9%, [82/104]). dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (P = .013 and.036, respectively). High total and high LdL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (P = .029 and .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in Gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2d patients in African rural settings.

关键词： Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Study dyslipidemia Lipids Mali Type 2 diabetes

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： James F. smith department of Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita d. don, a large genus in the subfamily Cyrtandroideae of Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrdNA internal transcribed spacer and cpdNA trnL-F for molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artificial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that defines Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in different clades of diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of Chirita. The species of Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea form a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising four monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We further analyzed the morphological evolution of Chirita and identified a series of morphological synapomorphies for the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita d. don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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Soil carbon availability affects nitrogen transformation under irrigated lucerne

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 977-980页

作者： Adriano S.NASCENTE Jonathan NUNEZ Scott L.GRAHAM Gabriel *** John E.HUNT graeme N.d.ROGERS david WHITEHEAd Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) Embrapa Arroz e Feijao Highway GO-462Km 12P.O.Box 179Santo Antonio de Goias 75375-000(Brazil) Wageningen University&Research Department of Environmental SciencesP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700AA(The Netherlands)

dear Editor,Approximately 55% of the agricultural land in New Zealand is grazed grassland to support the expanding dairy and meat *** management practices such as irrigation,nitrogen(N)fertiliser application,and of fo... 详细信息

关键词： grassland expanding transformation

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The pleiotropic effects of tissue plasminogen activator in the brain:implications for stroke recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1401-1402页

作者： Julia A.Grummisch Nafisa M.Jadavji Patrice d.smith department of Neuroscience Carleton University

Tissue plasminogen activator （tPA） use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke： tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contra- indicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful ＇dot buster＇, tPA has a short therapeutic window. When administered outside of this prescribed timeframe, research suggests that tPA can produce neurotoxic ef- fects in the brain, due in part to activation of several signalling pro- cesses associated with cell apoptosis, degradation of the extracel- lular matrix, and increase in the permeability of the neurovascular unit （Yepes et al., 2009）. Concerted research has been dedicated to- ward understanding the mechanisms mediating the impact of tPA on the brain, using both in vivo and in vitro animal models.

关键词： The pleiotropic effects of tissue plasminogen activator in the brain PA

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Novel Heat Transfer Issues Associated with the design and Safe Operation of the MEGAPIE Spallation Source Target

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第1期16卷 63-78页

作者： Brian L.smith Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland

批评的热转移问题在一个分裂来源目标的操作的上下文被讨论，它为用一台粒子加速器产生精力代表一个创新概念的可行性的第一示范。在伞工程 MEGAPIE 的框架以内，一个 R&d 支持组被组织负责目标冷却。这包含了先进数字方法鈥 ? 的使用... 详细信息

批评的热转移问题在一个分裂来源目标的操作的上下文被讨论，它为用一台粒子加速器产生精力代表一个创新概念的可行性的第一示范。在伞工程 MEGAPIE 的框架以内，一个 R&d 支持组被组织负责目标冷却。这包含了先进数字方法鈥 ? 的使用计算液体动力学(CFd ) 和有限元素方法(女性) 对合适的试验性的数据验证的鈥 ? ，并且借助于适当 benchmarking 锻练。用 CFd 的设计研究导致了为冷却剂发行量被定义的一种最佳流动配置。流动可视化测试用眼镜 / 水测试节被承担，与用光、超声的测量技术印射的速度领域。这些被热转移测试跟随，用实际目标材料(lead-bismuth-eutectic 冷却剂和钢监禁) 。分析运作的 transients 和事故序列的进一步的 CFd/FEM 工作也被执行，并且在纸被描述。

关键词：散裂源靶传热问题设计安全运行 MEGAPIE 液态金属冷却剂

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