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Role of gallium wetting layer in high-quality ZnO growth on sapphire (0001) substrates

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第5期47卷 612-620页

作者： ZENG Zhaoquan1,3, WANG Yong2, DU Xiaolong1, MEI Zengxia1, KONG Xianghe3, JIA Jinfeng1, XUE Qikun1 & ZHANG Ze2, 4.1. State Key Laboratory for Surface Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 2. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 3. College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal {4., Qufu 273165, china 4. beijing {4. of Technology, beijing 100022, china State Key Laboratory for Surface Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Physics and Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu China Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing university of Technology Beijing China

A Ga wetting layer was used to modify the surface structure of sapphire (0001) substrate to prepare high-quality ZnO film by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecule beam epitaxy. We found that this Ga layer plays a crucial role in eliminating 30 rotation domains, controlling polarity and decreasing defect density in ZnO epilayers, as demonstrated by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, ex situ high resolution X-ray diffraction and high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Zn-polar film of ZnO was determined by convergent beam electron diffraction. A Ga bilayer model is proposed to understand the effects of the Ga wetting layer on high-quality ZnO growth.

关键词： Ga wetting layer, sapphire, polarity, defect density, zinc oxide, rf-MBE, RHEED, HRXRD, TEM, CBED.

THE PHYSICAL ENTROPY OF SINGLE CONSERVATION LAWS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1998年第5期16卷 437-444页

作者： (Department of Mathematics, Peking university, beijing 100871, china) 北京大学数学系北京

By means of the comparisons with the formulas in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, in this paper it is demonstrated that for the single conservation law partial derivative(t)u + partial derivative(x)f(u) = 0, if the flux function f(u) is convex (or concave), then, the physical entropy is S = -f(u); Furthermore, if we assume this result can be generalized to any f(u) with two order continuous derivative, from the thermodynamical principle that the local entropy production must be non-negative, one entropy inequality is derived, by which the O.A. Olejnik's famous E- condition can be explained successfully in physics.

关键词： conservation laws entropy entropy production

PIXE and INAA studies on ancient potteries from Guangfulin relics in Shanghai

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： Lin Jiawei1, Cheng Huansheng1, Zhang Zhengquan1, Zhang Bin1, Feng Songlin2, Song Jian3, Gao Menghe4.and Zhu Dan1(1. Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan university, Shanghai 2004.3, china 2. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, beijing 100039, china 3. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai 200003, china 4. Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan university, Shanghai 2004.3, china) Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100039 China Shanghai Museum Shanghai 200003 China Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

This paper reports the study of ancient potteries unearthed from the Guangfulin site in Shanghai. From the external features of these potteries, archeologists can classify them into two different cultural types: Liangzhu culture (local culture) and a new culture which might be derived elsewhere, but they can not recognize whether they were produced in the same place. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were used to measure the chemical compositions of the samples and the results were analyzed using multivariate statistics. We found that the two methods can complement each other and their database can be mutually referenced in the study of ancient potteries. Experimental results show that the compositions of the potteries from the two cultural types are different, which means that the materials for ancient potteries of new culture originate from elsewhere. This supports the archaeologists’ speculation that a group of ancient people migrated to Shanghai from some other places 4.00 years ago.

关键词： PIXE INAA factor analysis Guangfulin ancient pottery

Biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymers containing functionalized PEO blocks:Controlled synthesis and biomedical potentials

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第3期53卷 519-527页

作者： ZHANG Yu1,2,SUN PeiJian1,2 & GAN ZhiHua1 1CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100190,china 2graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100039,china CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A series of controllable amphiphilic block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) as the hydrophilic block and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) as the hydrophobic block with the amino terminal group at the end of the PEO chain(PCL-b-PEO-NH2) were *** on the further reaction of reactive amino groups,diblock copolymers with functional carboxyl groups(PCL-b-PEO-COOH) and functional compounds RGD(PCL-b-PEO-RGD) as well as the triblock copolymers with thermosensitive PNIPAAm blocks(PCL-b-PEO-b-PNIPAAM) were *** well-controlled structures of these copolymers with functional groups and blocks were characterized by gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and 1H NMR *** copolymers with functionalized hydrophilic blocks were fabricated into microspheres for the examination of biofunctions via cell culture experiments and in vitro drug *** results indicated the significance of introducing functional groups(e.g.,NH2,COOH and RGD) into the end of the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers for biomedical potentials in tissue engineering and controlled drug release.

关键词： amphiphilic block copolymers biodegradable polymers functional terminal group cell growth drug release

A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON BACKWARDS WI MMING HYDRODYNAMICS IN THE EELANGUILLA ANGUILLA

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第4期17卷 438-447页

作者： HU Wen-rong TONG Bin-gang MA Hui-yang LIU Hao Department of Physics Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering Chiba University Japan

Eels can perform both forward and backward undulatory swimming but few studies are seen on how eels propel themselves backward. A computational study on the unsteady hydrodynamicsoof the backward swimming in the eel anguilla anguilla is carried out and presented. A two-dimensional geometric model of the European eel body in its middle horizontal section is appropriately approximated by a NACA0005 airfoil. Kinematic data of the backward and forward swimming eel used in the computational modeling are based on the experimental results of the European eel. Present study provided the different flow field characteristics of three typical cases in the backward swimming, and confirmed the guess of Wu： When the eel swims steadily, the vortex centers of the reversed von Kármán vortex street are aligned approximately. An extensive comparison between the backward and forward swimming further reveals that the controllable parameters, such as frequency, amplitude and wavelength of the traveling wave, have a similar influence on the propulsion performance as in forward swimming. But it is shown that the backward swimming does not be a ＂reversed＂ forward swimming one. The backward swimming does show significant discrepancy in the propulsion performance： utilization of a constant-amplitude wave profile enables larger force generation for maneuverability but with much lower propulsive efficiency instead of the linear-increasing amplitude wave profile in the forward swimming. The actual swimming modes eels choose is the best choice associated with their propulsive requirement, as well as their physiological and ecological adaptation.

关键词： anguilla anguilla backward swimming hydrodynamics 2-D N-S equation solution

Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of(CH_3)_3CO+CO

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第1期48卷 18-24页

作者： ZHAO Hongmei1,2,3, SUN Chengke1,4. ZHANG Rongchang3, XI Hongmin3 & LI Zonghe1 1. Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 2. The Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china 3. Department of Chemistry, Beihua university, Jilin 132013, china 4. Department of Chemistry, Qujing Normal university, Yunnan 655000, china Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China The Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Chemistry Beihua University Jilin China Department of Chemistry Qujing Normal University Yunnan China

The reaction mechanism of (CH3)3CO with CO has been theoretically investigated using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31G* level. In order to get more reliable energy values the single-point energy is evaluated at CCSD (T)/6-31++G** level. The results show that the reaction is multi-channel and the reaction of (CH3)3CO radical with CO mostly produces (CH3)3C + CO2. The reaction could play a role in eliminating air pollution.

关键词： DFT, B3LYP, (CH3)3CO, radical.

Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1300-1306页

作者： SU Benxun~ 1,2 **, ZHANG Hongfu~1, XIAO Yan~ 1,2 and ZHAO Xinmiao~ 1,2 (1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china) State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions （Mg#=90.4.91.0） to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts （Mg#=85.5-81.9）. The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Western Qinling Dangchang Haoti Cenozoic volcanic rocks olivine xenocrysts zoned texture.

Information content security on the Internet:the control model and its evaluation

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 30-49页

作者： FANG BinXing1, GUO YunChuan2,3 & ZHOU Yuan4.1School of Computer, beijing university of Posts and Telecommunications, beijing 100029, china 2Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100190, china 3graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 4.ational Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of china, beijing 100029, china School of Computer Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of china Beijing China

Flooding of harmful information on the Internet seriously endangers the physiological and mental health of teenagers. Due to the user-friendliness of the Internet as well as the difficulty in the authentication for the access of specific categories of information, curbing the transmission of harmful information, i.e., assuring the information content security (ICS), has become a reasonable yet challenging alternative. At present, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic model that can effectively carry out the curbing. In fact, curbing the transmission of harmful information by way of filtering can be modeled by access control. In the paper, based on the three core-elements of communication, namely, "Who communicates with whom", "How do they communicate" and "What is the content of communication", we propose a control model, called ICCON. Unlike the existing access control, the reference monitor (RM) of our model is placed in the transmission channel, and moreover, an evaluation frame is proposed, through which the effectiveness of the RM in controlling information transmission on the Internet can be quantitatively evaluated.

关键词： content security access control quantitative evaluation

Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： LIU Fei1,2 & CHAO JiPing3,4.1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 3 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 4.First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of china, Qingdao 266061, china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2 m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件