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Overexpression of a tobacco small G protein gene NtRop1 causes salt sensitivity and hydrogen peroxide production in transgenic plants

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Science china(Life sciences) 2008年第5期51卷 383-390页

作者： CAO YangRong1,2. LI ZhiGang1,2. CHEN Tao1,2. ZHANG ZhiGang1, ZHANG JinSong1 & CHEN ShouYi1 1 National Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101,{2. 2.graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039,{2. 1. National Key Lab of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

The small GTPases of Rop/Rho family is central regulators of important cellular processes in plants. Tobacco small G protein gene NtRop1 has been isolated; however, its roles in stress responses were unknown. In the present study, the genomic sequence of NtRop1 was cloned, which has seven exons and six introns, similar to the Rop gene structure from Arabidopsis. The NtRop1 gene was constitutively expressed in the different organs whereas the other six Rop genes from tobacco had differential expression patterns. The expression of the NtRop1 gene was moderately induced by methyl viologen, NaCl, and ACC treatments, but slightly inhibited by ABA treatment, with no significant induction by NAA treatment. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the NtRop1 showed increased salt sensitivity as can be seen from the reduced root growth and elevated relative electrolyte leakage. The hydrogen peroxide production was also promoted in the NtRop1-trangenic plants in comparison with wild type plants. These results imply that the NtRop1 may confer salt sensitivity through activation of H2.2.production during plant response to salt stress.

关键词： small G protein NtRop1 salt sensitive hydrogen peroxide

Modeling and verifying Web services driven by requirements:An ontology-based approach

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Science in china(Series F) 2006年第6期49卷 792-820页

作者： HOU Lishan1,3,JIN ZHi1,2.& WU Budan1,4 1. academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, chinese academy of sciences, {2. 100080, china 2. Institute of Computing Technology, chinese academy of sciences, {2. 100080, china 3. Institute of Software, chinese academy of sciences, {2. 100080, china 4. graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, {2. 100049, china 1. academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 3. Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100080 China 4. graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Automatic discovery and composition of Web services is an important research area in Web service technology, in which the specification of Web services is a key issue. This paper presents a Web service capability description framework based on the environment ontology. This framework depicts Web services capability in two aspects： the operable environment and the environment changes resulting from behaviors of the Web service. On the basis of the framework, a requirement-driven Web service composition model has been constructed. This paper brings forward the formalization of Web service interactions with π calculus. And an automatic mechanism converting conceptual capability description to the formal process expression has been built. This kind of formal specification assists in verifying whether the composite Web service model matches the requirement.

关键词： Web service environment ontology automatic composition π calculus formal verification.

SAR IMAGING SIMULATION OF HORIZONTAL FULLY TWO-DIMENSIONAL INTERNAL WAVES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第3期18卷 294-302页

作者： SHEN Hui HE Yi-Jun Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on the research of Lynett and Liu, a new horizontal fully two-dimensional internal wave propagation model with rotation effect was deduced, which can be used to simulate the characteristics of internal waves in a horizontal fully two-dimensional plane. By combining the imaging mechanism of Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR）, a simulation procedure was fatherly acquired, which can simulate the propagation characteristics of oceanic internal waves into SAR images. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed simulation procedure, case studies are performed in South china Sea and results from simulation procedure are analyzed in detail. A very good consistency was found between the simulation results and satellite images. The proposed simulation procedure will be a possible foundation for the quantitative interpretation of internal waves from fully two-dimensional satellite images.

关键词： oceanic internal waves imaging simulation,Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

A tentative study for the prediction of the CME related geomagnetic storm intensity and its transit time

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 648-668页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua1,2.& FENG Xueshang1,3 1. SIGMA Weather Group, Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Re-search, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080,{2. 2. graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039,{2. 3. School of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems,{2. University of Geosciences, beijing 100083,{2. 1. SIGMA Weather Group Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. School of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

Using 80 CME-ICME events during 1997.1―2.02.9, based on the eruptive source locations of CMEs and solar magnetic field observation at the photosphere, a current sheet magnetic coordinate (CMC) system is established in order to study the propagation of CME and its geoeffectiveness. In context of this coordinate system, the effect of the eruptive source location and the form of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) at the eruptive time of CME on the geomagnetic storm intensity caused by CME and the CME’s transit time at the Earth is investigated in detail. Our preliminary conclusions are: 1) The geomagnetic disturbances caused by CMEs tend to have the so-called “same side-opposite side effect”, i.e. CMEs erupt from the same side of the HCS as the earth would be more likely to arrive at the earth and the geomagnetic disturbances associated with them tend to be of larger magnitude, while CMEs erupting from the opposite side would arrive at the earth with less probability and the corresponding geomagnetic disturbance magnitudes would be relatively weaker. 2. The angular separation between the earth and the HCS affect the corresponding disturbance intensity. That is, when our earth is located near the HCS, adverse space weather events occur most probably. 3) The erupting location of the CME and its nearby form of HCS will also affect its arrival time at the earth. According to these conclusions, in this context of CMC coordinate we arrive at new prediction method for estimating the geomagnetic storm intensity (Dstmin) caused by CMEs and their transit times. The application of the empirical model for 80 CME-ICME events shows that the relative error of Dst is within 30% for 59% events with Dstmin≤?50 nT, while the averaged absolute error of transit time is lower than 10 h for all events.

关键词： coronal mass ejections, current sheet magnetic coordinate system, geomagnetic storm intensity, transit time, prediction method.

A new approach of cascade utilization of the chemical energy of fuel

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第5期16卷 518-523页

作者： HAN Wei, JIN Hongguang and LIN Rumou ( Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080,{2. graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080,{2.) [a]Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The indirect release of chemical energy of fuel is investigated, and a new mechanism is proposed to identify the cascade utilization of chemical energy of fuel more clearly. Based on the concept of energy level, the internal phenomenon of the indirect chemical energy release is disclosed, and the equations of energy level describing the utilization of chemical energy and thermal energy during the indirect chemical energy release process are obtained. From theoretical analysis, we find that the superiority of the indirect chemical energy release of fuel comes from the cascade utilization of the fuel's chemical energy. Moreover, the cascade utilization of chemical energy is verified by the investigation of CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine). As a result, the thermal exergy obtained from the chemical energy release of fuel increases by 2.% -3 % . The results obtained here may help a deeper understanding of indirect chemical energy release of fuel and provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of innovative energy systems.

关键词： chemically recuperated gas turbine methane/steam reforming chemical energy level cascade utilization.

Effects of various solar indices on accuracy of Earth’s thermospheric neutral density models

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第7期52卷 1120-1128页

作者： WANG HongBo1,2.& ZHAO ChangYin1 1 Purple Mountain Observatory, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china 2.{2. University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Four kinds of solar indices F10.7, E10.7, S10, Mg10 and four thermospheric neutral density models, i.e., CIRA72. DTM94, NRLMSISE00 and JB2.06, are discussed. The CHAMP accelerometer data are used to calculate thermospheric total mass density. Based on the comparison of the model densities with CHAMP observations, the effects of various indices on the model accuracy are detected. It is found that under quiet and moderate solar conditions (F10.72.0) the error’s standard deviation using E10.7 increases quickly and causes the models’ accuracy to fall down. With regard to S10, Mg10, their effects under quiet solar conditions are inconspicuous. If under active solar conditions, they can reduce the model error’s standard deviation by 5%-10%, implying that S10, Mg10 make the model error more stable. The JB2.06 model, which was constructed by multi-solar-index (F10.7, S10, Mg10), is compared with DTM94 and NRLMSISE00 based on single-solar-index. It is found that JB2.06’s accuracy is better than DTM94’s, and is close to NRLMSISE00 under the quiet solar condition. During the solar burst occurring on October 2., 2.03, JB2.06 has been in best agreement with CHAMP observations. All in all, the new indices may improve thermospheric density models’ accuracy under some special conditions. Concretely, E10.7 may reduce the average error of models and S10, Mg10 may prevent the error’s divergence.

关键词： solar radiation index CHAMP accelerometer data neutrals density model

Aridity/humidity status of land surface in china during the last three decades

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： WU Shaohong1, YIN Yunhe1,2. ZHENG Du1 & YANG Qinye1 1. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences (CAS), {2. 100101, china 2. graduate School of the CAS, beijing 100039, china 1. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 100101 Beijing China 2. graduate School of the CAS 100039 Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of china using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―1400 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of china.

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.

The biomarkers of 2.6,10,15, 19-pentamethylicosenes and their carbon isotopic composition in the sediments from the Gulf of Mexico

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chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第14期51卷 1736-1740页

作者： SONG Zhiguang1,2.& WANG Cuiping1,31. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 2. Guangzhou Research Center of Gas Hydrate, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3. graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Guangzhou Research Center of Gas Hydrate Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

A group of 2.6,10,15,19-pentamethyli- cosenes (PMIΔ) containing 1―5 unsaturated double bonds has been identified in the sea floor sediments from the Gulf of Mexico at the Green Canyon 2.8 *** PMIΔ compounds are distributed between nC2. and nC2. on the mass chromatogram of aliphatic fraction. Their δ 13C values are very much depleted in 13C and in the range of ?86.7‰ to ?115.5‰, whereas the δ 13C values of companion n-alkanes range from ?2..4‰ to ?34.6‰. These unsaturated PMIΔ com-pounds are typical biomarkers derived from the an-aerobic oxidation of methane mediated by meth-ane-oxidizing archaeal bacteria and indicative of the gas seeps or even the occurrence of gas hydrates in the deep sea sediments.

关键词：生物标志墨西哥湾沉积物 PMIA 天然气水化物

Research on the method for retrieving soil moisture using thermal inertia model

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 539-545页

作者： LIU Zhenhua1 & ZHAO Yingshi2.1. Information College, South china Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642. china 2. {2. University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. Information College South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China 2. graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

In order to improve accuracy of soil moisture inversion using remote sensing, a new thermal inertia model is proposed in this paper. The improved model needs only surface maximum temperature as the temperature parameter input instead of input of the surface temperature difference, as well as the surface sensible and latent fluxes are introduced into boundary conditions of thermal conductivity equation. Furthermore, surface soil conductive heat transfer equation of two-layer model is used to solve the soil thermal inertia so that the remote sensing thermal inertia method can be ap- plied to regions with better-covered vegetation, but usually only for the bare areas or worse vegetation covered areas. The model has been tested at several locations in the area of west Inner Mongolia. Comparing the simulation of the new model with the measurements obtained by apparent thermal inertia and by field test, the result shows that the inertia thermal model can be used to estimate soil moisture in more reasonable accuracy.

关键词： thermal model, thermal conductivity equation, soil initial, sensible flux, latent flux, two-layer model.