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The potential of starch-chitosan blends with poloxamer for the preparation of microparticles by spray-drying

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 1-10页

作者： Juan Enrique Barranco-García Carolina Caicedo Enrique Javier Jiménez-Regalado Carlos Espinoza-González graciela Morales Rocio Yaneli Aguirre-Loredo Abril Fonseca-García Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca Departamento de Química y BioquímicaAvenida Ing.Víctor Bravo Ahuja No.125Esquina Calzada Tecnológico68030OaxacaMexico Faculty of Engineering Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)Carrera 17a 48-144763022TuluáColombia Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada(CIQA) Blvd.Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 14025294SaltilloCoahuilaMexico Investigadoras por México CONAHCYT-CIQA Av.Insurgentes Sur 1562Col.Crédito Constructor03940Alcaldía Benito JuárezCDMXMexico

Using biopolymers as wall materials in spray drying poses challenges,particularly in attaining flowability and thermal stability among their physicochemical *** paper addresses these challenges by preparing microparticles using a blend of starch–chitosan and a poloxamer,commercially named Pluronic®*** aimed to elucidate the effects of varying poloxamer concentrations on the resulting particles through the spray drying *** with a poloxamer concentration of 3%(w/v)demonstrated a notably higher yield,especially when compared to those with 0%and 1%*** with 3%and 5%(w/v)poloxamer displayed a narrower particle size distribution,with the 3%blend showing a superior yield attributed to arrangements of blend components that improve flowability.X-ray diffraction analysis showcased the characteristic peaks of A-type starch form,with shifts suggesting enhanced interactions between *** with increased poloxamer content showed elevated thermal degradation temperatures,with the 3%blend registering a significant rise,opening avenues for encapsulating heat-sensitive *** study primarily focuses on the preparation and basic characterization of *** underscores the potential of blends with optimal poloxamer concentrations in microencapsulation,emphasizing further research to harness their capabilities thoroughly.

关键词： Biopolymer Starch Chitosan Pluronic®F127 Microparticles Spray drying

Endophytic Occupation in Nodules of Rhynchosia Plants from Semiarid Regions of Argentina

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1081-1099页

作者： Cinthia T.Lucero María de los Á.Ruíz Fabiola Pagliero Carolina Castaño Mariela L.Ambrosino graciela S.Lorda Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de La PampaRuta Nacional 35km 330Santa RosaLa PampaCP6300Argentina INTA EEA Anguil“Ing.Agr.Guillermo Covas”Ruta Nacional 5 km 580AnguilLa PampaCC116326Argentina

Beneﬁcial microbes can improve soil health by promoting soil structure,nutrient cycling,and disease *** addition,a wide array of rhizospheric microbes are responsible for producing metabolically active compounds including various types of plant growth ***,microbial biodiversity studies could contribute to the improvement of agricultural practices in deprived areas,such as the Pampean semiarid *** vast majority of studies conducted on endophytic microorganisms have focused on intensive crop legume *** contrast,little attention has been paid to microorganisms of native legumes,whose ecology is not directly affected by human *** this study,endophytic microorganisms isolated from root nodules of a selected native legume of the genus Rhynchosia were *** isolates were studied with a focus on their plant growth-pro-moting rhizobacteria(PGPR)*** the edaphic characteristics of the Pampean semiarid region,the isolates obtained were evaluated for their ability to grow under three salt stress conditions(50,100,and 200 mM NaCl)and four different pH values(6,7,8,and 9).Based on their PGPR activities,the selected strains were phylogenetically grouped using *** results showed great variability among the isolates in terms of the characteristics *** legumes manifested a wide endophytic variability and remarkable perfor-mance in PGPR *** conclude that they could be used as potential bioinoculants for legume cultivation,an excellent alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers that currently pollute the environment.

关键词： Native strains endophytes PGPR native legumes stress

Organ Abscission in Plants: With Special Emphasis on Bell Pepper

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1467-1484页

作者： Ramiro Reyes-Castro Héctor G.Núñez-Palenius Juan I.Valiente-Banuet María E.Sosa-Morales Blanca E.Orosco-Alcalá Rafael Guzmán-Mendoza graciela M.L.Ruiz-Aguilar Rogelio Costilla-Salazar Life Sciences Division Universidad de GuanajuatoIrapuato36500México School of Engineering and Sciences Tecnologico de MonterreyQuerétaro76130México

Bell pepper(Capsicum annuum L.),along with potato and tomato,is one of the three most cultivated vegetables in the *** pepper is worldwide accepted due to its characteristics of color,smell,ﬂavor,and *** pepper is also considered a nutritious food due to its vitamin and antioxidant *** Mexico,bell pepper production has a high value because it is grown for the international markets,particularly the United States of ***,the abscission ofﬂowers and fruits is a factor that limits the yield,hinders the planning of activities,and causes a variation in the prices of *** to the importance of this process,in this work we did a bibliometric analysis and literature review of scientiﬁc advances for the understanding of the abscission pro-cess in plants,and in particular for the bell ***,we introduce new perspectives that would help direct future research about organ abscission in ***,the lack of research that would further clarify abscis-sion process in the bell pepper plant is discussed.

关键词： Capsicum annuum abscission zone plant growth regulators environmental factors

Natural vegetation cover in the landscape and edge effects： differential responses of insect orders in a fragmented forest

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 891-901页

作者： Ezequiel Gonzalez Adriana Salvo graciela Valladares Centro de Investigaciones Entomologicas de Cordoba IMBIV UNC CONICET FCEFyN Av. Velez Sarfield 1611 Cordoba CordobaX5000GMC Argentina

Human activities have led to global simplification of ecosystems, among which Neotropical dry forests are some of the most threatened. Habitat loss as well as edge effects may affect insect communities. Here, we analyzed insects sampled with pan traps in 9 landscapes （at 5 scales, in 100-500 m diameter circles） comprising cultivated fields and Chaco Serrano forests, at overall community and taxonomic order level. In total 7043 specimens and 456 species of hexapods were captured, with abundance and richness being directly related to forest cover at 500 m and higher at edges in comparison with forest interior. Community composition also varied with forest cover and edge^interior location. Different responses were detected among the 8 dominant orders. Collembola, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera richness and^or abundance were positively related to forest cover at the larger scale, while Thysanoptera abundance increased with forest cover only at the edge. Hymenoptera abundance and richness were negatively related to forest cover at 100 m. Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were more diverse and abundant at the forest edge. The generally negative influence of forest loss on insect communities could have functional consequences for both natural and cultivated systems, and highlights the relevance of forest conservation. Higher diversity at the edges could result from the simultaneous presence of forest and matrix species, although ＂resource mapping＂ might be involved for orders that were richer and more abundant at edges. Adjacent crops could benefit from forest proximity since natural enemies and pollinators are well represented in the orders showing nositive edge effects.

关键词： Chaco Serrano edge effect forest cover habitat loss insects orders

Arthropods on plants in a fragmented Neotropical dry forest： A functional analysis of area loss and edge effects

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 129-138页

作者： Ezequiel Gonzalez Adriana Salvo graciela Valladares Centro de Investigaciones Entomol6gicas de C6rdoba (IMBIV - CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de C6rdoba C6rdoba Argentina

Loss and fragmentation of natural ecosystems are widely recognized as the most important threats to biodiversity conservation, with Neotropical dry forests among the most endangered ecosystems. Area and edge effects are major factors in fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine area and edge effects and their interaction, on ensembles of arthropods associated to native vegetation in a fragmented Chaco Serrano forest. We analyzed family richness and community composition of herbivores, predators, and parasitoids on three native plant species in 12 fragments of varying size and at edge/interior positions. We also looked for indicator families by using Indicator Species Analysis. Loss of family richness with the reduction of forest fragment area was observed for the three functional groups, with sirnilar magnitude. Herbivores were richer at the edges without interaction between edge and area effects, whereas predators were not affected by edge/interior position and parasitoid richness showed an interaction between area and position, with a steeper area slope at the edges. Family composition of herbivore, predator, and parasitoid assemblages was also affected by forest area and/or edge/interior situation. We found three indicator families for large remnants and five for edges. Our results support the key role of forest area for conservation of arthropods taxonomic and functional diversity in a highly threatened region, and emphasize the need to understand the interactions between area and edge effects on such diversity.

关键词： area loss Chaco Serrano edge effect forest arthropods functional groups habitat fragmentation

Meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes in a Young Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report with Literature Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 213-219页

作者： Janette Alejandra Gamiño Gutierrez Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Valdez Arleth Anahí Montaño Gómez Jorge Morales Rojas graciela Gaddy Robles Martinez Anahi Herrera Ruelas Alin Kaori Ferreyra Gudiño Jocelin Celeste Jurado Cardona Jimena Jexabeth Ibáñez Núñez Anahí Fierros Ramos Departmento de Neurocirugia Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde Guadalajara México Departamento de Medicina Interna ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP Tepic México

Meningoencephalitis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) mainly affects newborns, the elderly and immunocompromised people;there are extremely rare cases in which said infection occurs in immunocompetent individuals. We present the case of a young adult patient without immunocompromise, who developed meningoencephalitis due to L. monocytogenes;This case is exceptional, since it occurred in an individual outside the classic age group, in addition to not having risk factors, which is why it should be considered an atypical causal agent.

关键词： Meningitis Encephalitis Rhombencephalitis Listeria monocytogenes Immunocompetent

Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 125-135页

作者： Luis Delaye graciela García-Guzmán Martin Heil Departamento de Ingeniería Genética Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados(CINVESTAV)IrapuatoGuanajuatoMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUNAMMéxico CityMexico

Endophytes infect living plant tissues without causing symptoms of ***,many of them contribute to the resistance phenotype of their ***,fungal endophytes are generally closely related to plant pathogens,fungi that either develop within living host tissue(biotrophic fungi)or that kill the host cells and then live in the dead tissue(necrotrophic fungi).We adopted a phylogenetic approach to investigate whether these strategies represent evolutionarily stable lifestyles and to elucidate their general phylogenetic *** analysed 163 fungal strains for which we found information on the sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions,the identity of the host plant and the concrete phenotypic outcome of the infection.A Maximum-Likelihood analysis combined with ancestral character mapping by maximum parsimony revealed that some fungal lineages had switched multiple times between a necrotrophic and an endophytic *** character mapping indicated a minimum of four changes from an endophytic to a necrotrophic lifestyle,four changes in the opposite direction and eight changes among these lifestyles for which the direction could not be determined *** contrast,biotrophs formed five clusters that did not contain necrotrophs or *** biotrophy evolves there is apparently no regression to one of the other two *** conclude that biotrophy usually represents a derived and evolutionarily stable trait,whereas fungi easily can switch between an endophytic and necrotrophic lifestyle at the evolutionary and even the ecological *** experimental studies should focus on the environmental or genetic changes that cause the rapid switches between these two phenotypically different lifestyles.

关键词： Disease expression Fungi Plant pathogens Phylogenetic effects

Mapping data gaps to estimate biomass across Brazilian Amazon forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 334-348页

作者： graciela Tejada Eric Bastos Görgens Alex Ovando Jean Pierre Ometto Earth System Science Center(CCST) National Institute for Space Research(INPE)Av dos Astronautas 1758São Josédos CamposSP12227-010Brazil Department of Forestry Engineering Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriCampus JKRod.MGT 367km 5835000Alto do JacubaDiamantinaMG39100-000Brazil National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters(CEMADEN) Estrada Doutor Alino Bondesani 500São Josédos CamposSP12247-016Brazil

Background: Tropical forests play a fundamental role in the provision of diverse ecosystem services, such as biodiversity,climate and air quality regulation, freshwater provision, carbon cycling, agricultural support and culture. To understand the role of forests in the carbon balance, aboveground biomass(AGB) estimates are needed. Given the importance of Brazilian tropical forests, there is an urgent need to improve AGB estimates to support the Brazilian commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). Many AGB maps and datasets exist, varying in availability, scale and coverage. Thus, stakeholders, policy makers and scientists must decide which AGB product, dataset or combination of data to use for their particular goals. In this study, we assessed the gaps in the spatial AGB data across the Brazilian Amazon forests not only to orient the decision makers about the data that are currently available but also to provide a guide for future ***: We obtained a map of the gaps in the forest AGB spatial data for the Brazilian Amazon using statistics and differences between AGB maps and a spatial multicriteria evaluation that considered the current AGB datasets. The AGB spatial data gap map represents areas with good coverage of AGB data and, consequently, the main gaps or priority areas where further biomass assessments should focus, including the northeast of Amazon State, Amapá and northeast of Pará. Additional y, by quantifying the variability in both the AGB maps and field data on multiple environmental factors,we provide valuable elements for understanding the current AGB data as a function of climate, soil, vegetation and ***: The map of AGB data gaps could become a useful tool for policy makers and different stakeholders working on National Communications, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation(REDD+), or carbon emissions modeling to prioritize places to implement further AGB a

关键词： Amazon Tropical forest Carbon Aboveground biomass Data gaps REDD+ Environmental factors

Therapeutic effect of Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 1190-fermented milk on chronic gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第13期16卷 1622-1630页

作者： Cecilia Rodríguez Marta Medici Fernanda Mozzi graciela Font de Valdez Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET Cátedra Microbiología Superior Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Tucumán

AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) CRL 1190 fermented milk on chronic gastritis in Balb/c mice. METHODS: Balb/c mice were fed with the fermented milk for 7 d after inducing gastritis with acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA, 400 mg/kg body weight per day for 10 d). Omeprazole was included in this study as a positive therapeutic control. The gastric in? ammatory activity was evaluated from gastric histology and in? ammation score, number of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (INFγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cytokine-producing cells in the gastric mucosa, and thickness of the mucus layer. RESULTS: Animals receiving treatment with the EPS-producing S. thermophilus CRL 1190 fermented milk showed a conserved gastric mucosa structure similar to that of healthy animals. In? ammation scores of the fermented milk-treated mice were lower than those of mice in the gastritis group (0.2 ± 0.03 vs 2.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). A marked decrease in INFγ+ (15 ± 1.0 vs 28 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) and TNF-α+ (16 ± 3.0 vs 33 ± 3.0, P < 0.05) cells and an increase in IL-10+ (28 ± 1.5 vs 14 ± 1.3, P < 0.05) cells compared to the gastritis group, was observed. Also, an increase in the thickness of the mucus gel layer (2.2 ± 0.6 vs 1.0 ± 0.3; 5.1 ± 0.8 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 in the corpus and antrum mucosa, respectively, P < 0.05) compared with the gastritis group was noted. A milk suspension of the purif ied EPS from S. thermophilus CRL1190 was also effective as therapy for gastritis.

关键词： Lactic acid bacteria Probiotics Gastritis Streptococcus thermophilus Exopolysaccharides