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Incipient sexual isolation in Laupala cerasina： Females discriminate population-level divergence in acoustic characters

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 416-425页

作者： Jaime L. grace Kerry L. SHAW Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornel1 University Ithaca NY 14853 USA kls4@cornell.edu

Sexual selection by female choice can shape the evolution of male traits within populations, since the most attractive males experience an increase in fitness through elevated mating success. Speciation by sexual selection occurs when evolution in traits and preferences within populations causes differentiation among populations, such that females in alternative populations prefer sexual signals of their own population relative to others. Differentiated traits and preferences thereby play an active role in limiting gene flow between divergent populations. The effectiveness of differentiated preferences in maintaining differentiated male signals against the homogenizing effects of gene flow across populations will be limited by both the degree to which fe- males can discriminate against non-local males, and the breeding values of traits and preferences. Populations of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala cerasina have diverged in pulse rate, a sexually selected male signal, and female acoustic preference for pulse rate. Gene flow between neighboring populations may be reduced if migrants from sexually diverged populations experience re- duced mating success. We show that females discriminate among divergent songs characteristic of neighboring populations, that differences among populations in song and preference breed true in a common environment, and that mean preferences for each population closely match the mean pulse rates. Divergence in preference was observed only between populations that also dif- fered in song. Along with a striking ability to discriminate slight differences in song, correlated evolution of song and preference within populations could be a mechanism that promotes assortative mating among populations, thereby reducing gene flow, and leading to speciation in Laupala [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 416-425, 2012].

关键词： Sexual selection Phenotypic divergence Behavioral isolation Preference functions Speciation

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Discrete Circular Distributions with Applications to Shared Orthologs of Paired Circular Genomes

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第6期123卷 1131-1149页

作者： Tomoaki Imoto grace S.Shieh Kunio Shimizu School of Management and Information University of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan Institute of Statistical Science Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan School of Statistical Thinking The Institute of Statistical MathematicsTokyoJapan

For structural comparisons of paired prokaryotic genomes,an important topic in synthetic and evolutionary biology,the locations of shared orthologous genes(henceforth orthologs)are observed as binned *** and other data,e.g.,wind directions recorded at monitoring sites and intensive care unit arrival times on the 24-hour clock,are counted in binned circular arcs,thus modeling them by discrete circular distributions(DCDs)is *** propose a novel method to construct a DCD from a base continuous circular distribution(CCD).The probability mass function is defined to take the normalized values of the probability density function at some pre-fixed equidistant points on the *** families of constructed DCDs which have normalizing constants in closed form are *** studies show that DCDs outperform the corresponding CCDs in modeling grouped(discrete)circular data,and minimum chi-square estimation outperforms maximum likelihood estimation for *** apply the constructed DCDs,invariant wrapped Poisson and wrapped discrete skew Laplace to compare the structures of paired bacterial ***,discrete four-parameter wrapped Cauchy(nonnegative trigonometric sums)distribution models multi-modal shared orthologs in Clostridium(Sulfolobus)better than the others considered,in terms of AIC and Freedman’s goodness-of-fit *** result that different DCDs fit the shared orthologs is consistent with the fact they belong to two ***,these prokaryotes have a common favored site around 70°on the unit circle;this finding is important for building synthetic prokaryotic genomes in synthetic *** DCDs can also be applied to other binned circular data.

关键词： Bacterial genomes circular distribution goodness-of-fit test modeling synthetic and evolutionary biology.

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Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO_2 coating on solid surfaces

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 745-750页

作者： LIU Li-fen John Barford YEUNG King Lun SI grace School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Department of Chemical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Road Kowloon HK SAR

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.

关键词： staining germicidal activity TiO2 coating

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Isolation of Actinomycetes for Antibiotic Screening

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中国抗生素杂志 1989年第6期 452-465页

作者： grace P.Li Kalamazoo Michigan 49001USA Research Laboratories The Upjohn Company

Actinomycetes are a prolific source of antibiotics, enzymes, and enzyme *** programs in the past have concentrated mainly on species of the genusStreptomyces. However, discovery of valuable antibiotics such as gentamicin producedby Micromonospora purpurea and other Micromonospora species, rifamycins by Amycolatopsis(formerly Nocardia) mediterrane, and the anticoccidial compound CL259,971, a potentpolyether ronophore produced by Actinomadura yumaense has shown the antibiotic-producingpotential of other genera of Actinomycetales. This communication describes the methodologiesused for the selective isolation of organisms belonging to specific actinomycete genera.

关键词： In Isolation of Actinomycetes for Antibiotic Screening

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Comparison of thermal performance between test cells with different coverage systems for experimental typical day of heat in Brazilian Southeastern

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第3期3卷 271-282页

作者： grace Tiberio Cardoso Francisco Vecchia Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Sciences University of Sao Paulo Rua Borges Lagoa94 apto 73 Sao Paulo 04038-000 Brazil

This article shows experimentally the thermal performance of two test cells with different coverage systems, Ught Green Roof （LGR） and ceramic roof by analyzing internal surface temperatures （IST） in the ceiling and dry bulb temperatures （DBT）. The objective was to evaluate the spatial distnbution of temperatures in buildings according to spatial and temporal Dynamic CUmato[ogy approaches. An experimental, typical day for heat conditions was determined. The data of the main climatic vari- ables provided by an automatic weather station and temperatures inside the test cells were collected using thermocouples installed such that the entire space is included. The results led to the conclusion that the LGR has a balanced IST and DBT spatial distribution compared with ceramic roofs. Nevertheless, the analysis of the thermal performance is only one of the variables that must be considered when developing a construction proposal that is adapted to the context. The manner in which the thermocouples were placecl inside the test cells also showed the importance of specifying the location of the sensors in experimental studies on the behavior and thermal performance of buildings.

关键词： Light Green Roof(LGR) Thermal perfor-mance Dynamic Climatology Internal tempera-tures Spatial distribution Experimental typicalday

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儿童嗓音障碍行为学干预的研究进展

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听力学及言语疾病杂志 2024年第2期32卷 176-181页

作者：刘恒鑫王华郝建萍阳杨庞子建傅思颖国家儿童医学中心首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病北京市重点实验室北京100045 北卡罗来纳中央大学成都中医药大学北京语言大学中国台湾台北美国学校马偕医学院中国台湾

本文对儿童嗓音障碍的概况、影响及评估进行了概述,并根据语言治疗及听力学领域临床成果研究的五个模式,将儿童嗓音障碍行为学干预的研究进行了梳理。模式一为治疗选择及疗效预估研究;模式二为疗效探索及临床试验准备研究;模式三为临床... 详细信息

本文对儿童嗓音障碍的概况、影响及评估进行了概述,并根据语言治疗及听力学领域临床成果研究的五个模式,将儿童嗓音障碍行为学干预的研究进行了梳理。模式一为治疗选择及疗效预估研究;模式二为疗效探索及临床试验准备研究;模式三为临床实施及疗效验证研究;模式四为探索不同治疗方式的比较性研究;模式五为分析社会成本的研究。通过该模式的梳理为科研及临床人员给与参考。

关键词：儿童嗓音障碍声带小结嗓音评估嗓音行为学干预

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Farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 as pharmacological targets

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Liver Research 2021年第3期5卷 142-150页

作者： Syeda Maliha grace L.Guo Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Rutgers University Lipid Center Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA New Jersey Cancer Center Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA VA Medical Center East OrangeNJUSA

The farnesoid X receptor(FXR)is a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator activated by bile acids or synthetic FXR *** is expressed highly in the liver and intestine where modulation of FXR critically regulates the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis,hepatic gluconeogenesis/lipogenesis,and *** review the roles of FXR and one of its intestinal target genes,fibroblast growth factor(FGF)15 in mice/FGF19 in humans,play in regulating these important pathways in health and *** main purpose of this review is to review therapeutics that target bile acid signaling to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),a stage of disease within the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)with a focus on current preclinical studies in mice and clinical *** is a huge medical burden and characterized by hepatic steatosis,inflam-mation,and progressive development of liver ***,there is currently no Food and Drug Administration approved treatment option for *** there are multiple factors contributing to NASH pathophysiology,bile acid regulation is proposed to have a major role in NASH *** FXR agonists and FGF19 protein may be promising agents to treat NASH,with obeticholic acid(OCA),cilofexor,tropifexor,nidufexor,EDP-305,and NGM282 currently in phase II or III clinical trials of *** antagonism has also emerged,and antagonists like ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)and glycine-beta-muricholic acid(Gly-MCA)are in pre-clinical stage development for NASH *** mini review seeks to evaluate and organize the literature available on FXR ligands and pathways for the treatment of NASH.

关键词： Bile acids Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Fibroblast growth factor 15(FGF15) Fibroblast growth factor 19(FGF19) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)

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Review of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of infectious diseases

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第6期13卷 568-593页

作者： Amit Sharma Anuja Chakraborty Bithiah grace Jaganathan Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India

The therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of infectious diseases and the repair of disease-induced tissue damage has been explored extensively. MSCs inhibit inflammation, reduce pathogen load and tissue damage encountered during infectious diseases through the secretion of antimicrobial factors for pathogen clearance and they phagocytose certain bacteria themselves. MSCs dampen tissue damage during infection by downregulating thelevels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the excessive recruitment ofneutrophils and proliferation of T cells at the site of injury. MSCs aid in theregeneration of damaged tissue by differentiating into the damaged cell types orby releasing paracrine factors that direct tissue regeneration, differentiation, andwound healing. In this review, we discuss in detail the various mechanisms bywhich MSCs help combat pathogens, tissue damage associated with infectiousdiseases, and challenges in utilizing MSCs for therapy.

关键词： Infectious diseases Mesenchymal stem cells Antimicrobial effect Immunomodulation Tissue repair COVID-19

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Dynamic Force Reduction and Heat Transfer Improvement for Horizontal Tubes in Large-Particle Gas-Fluidized Beds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2008年第1期17卷 77-83页

作者： Yusumi Nagahashi John R.grace Kok-Seng Lim Yutaka Asako Dept.Mech.Eng. Kochi National College of Technol.KochiJAPAN Professor Dept.Chem.Biological Eng. The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCANADA CSIRO Minerals VictoriaAUSTRALIA Dept.Mech.Eng. Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJAPAN

The effects of tube bank configuration on forces and heat transfer were investigated for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional gas fluidized beds. Effective dynamic forces and heat transfer coefficients were measured for several tube bank configurations, and it was found that the average forces are smaller than for a single tube. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased by providing sufficient space for particles to descend around both sides of the tube bank. The results provide useful guidelines for optimizing the configuration of tube banks to achieve high heat transfer coefficients while reducing tube erosion due to dynamic forces.

关键词： fluidized beds forces heat transfer tube arrangement sofid circulation

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Neurocognitive Profile of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initiating Treatment in Kinshasa in the Dolutegravir Era, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Candide About Kabamba Berry Ikolango Bongenya Jocelyn Ewuti Nonga Lambert Omombo Losenga Noëlla Maketi Dikati Thérèse Kasaka Ntumba grace Ipaya Booto Rosalie Djamba Dembo Stéphanie Mauwa Selenge Benoit Obel Kabengele Guy Makila Mabe Bumoko Marie-Thérèse Ayane Safi Sombo Erick Ntambwe Kamangu Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo “Focus HIV/AIDS” Research Group Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Molecular Biochemistry Department Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Context: Antiretroviral therapies improve the prognosis of NeuroAIDS contrasting with a high frequency of Minor Neurocognitive Disorders (MND) even in aviremic subjects. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the neurological and cognitive profile of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating antiretroviral treatment in Kinshasa in the era of Dolutegravir (DTG). Methods: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim carried out in 16 HIV Outpatient Treatment Centers (OTC) in Kinshasa from October 4, 2021 to February 15, 2022. The International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) correlated with the Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale facilitated the categorization of NeuroCognitive Disorders (NCD) of PLHIV evaluated after carrying out a summary neurological examination. Results: Of the 96 patients recruited, 56.3% were women with a sex ratio of 0.68. The average age was 40.1 ± 12.1 years. The secondary education level was the majority at 64.6%. Malaria (44.8%) and tuberculosis (32.3%) were more common as opportunistic infections. They were alcoholics in (30.2%). Their history was heart disease (15.6%), high blood pressure (18.8%);drug abuse (10.4%). The IHDS score was light in 55.2% of cases. The correlation between IHDS/IADL watches asymptomatic neurocognitive impairments (ANI) in 77.1%, almost all of subjects are found with normal overall functioning (94.8%) and a disturbed neurological examination in 53.1% of cases with a predominance of motor impairments in 79.1%. Conclusion: In view of these results, early and systematic screening of NCD and associated factors remains necessary in our context. .

关键词： IHDS Dolutegravir Initiation Kinshasa Neurological Profile PLHIV

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