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The Phenology of Infestations and the Impacts of Different Varieties of Cold Hardy Red Raspberries on <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>

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Advances in entomology 2016年第3期4卷 183-190页

作者： grace F. H. Sward Sydney e. Glass Christopher R. Philips Department of entomology University of Minnesota North Central Research & Outreach Center Grand Rapids MN USA

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (SWD), is emerging as the most significant pest of berries and stone fruits worldwide. With a broad host range, thin-skinned berries are particularly susceptible to infestation, and fruit producers are desperate for methods to control this pest. One of the keys to developing an integrated management program for SWD is to understand host preference and varietal susceptibility of highly susceptible crop hosts. Working in replicated small plots, experiments were conducted to evaluate differences in varietal susceptibility on cold hardy red primocane fruiting raspberries. Significant differences were observed in both the level of infestation and in the average number of larvae per berry by variety. In addition, it appears that there is a significant negative correlation between the level of infestation and the number of larvae per fruit with the time of sampling, but only an interaction of variety and time for the number of larvae per berry. These data provide a better understanding of the biology and ecology of this pest which is critical in refining current management practices. Knowledge of these interactions can aid in optimizing control strategies such as fine-tuning spatial and temporal control measures, which may be particularly important for early season infestations.

关键词： Drosophila Drosophila suzukii Integrated Pest Management Raspberries

Anti-Oxidant Status of Male Adults with and without Prostate Cancer in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 516-524页

作者： Mercy e. Sosanya grace T. Fadupin Tola Atinmo Olayiwola B. Shittu Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Public Health University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Nutrition and Dietetics The Federal Polytechnic Bauchi Nigeria Urology Division Outpatient Department of Surgery University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Recent studies show increasing prostate cancer incidence in Nigeria. Significant correlations identified between diet and prostate cancer occurrence, indicate that low antioxidant status could contribute to the aetiology of prostate cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined selected antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol) status of 10 (experimental group) and 17 (Control) male adults with and without PC, recruited from the Urological Section of the Surgical Out-patients’ Department, University College Hospital and the General Out-patient Clinic of the Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics were assessed using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Daily antioxidant intakes were assessed and analyzed using 24-hour dietary recall, and an adapted version of the food database “Total Diet Assessment”. Serum lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The mean age of the PC and the control (72.8 ± 6.2 years and 59.8 ± 4.8 years) was significantly different (p = 0.001). Mean daily lycopene intake (1408.4 ± 233.2 μg) of the PC was significantly lower (P = 0.030) than the controls (3862.3±316.2μg). The mean serum lycopene (19.8 ± 13.2 ng/ml), beta-carotene (43.6 ± 26.0 ng/ml) and retinol (362.2 ± 304.3ng/ml) of the PC were significantly lower (p = 0.008, 0.040 and 0.033 respectively) than the values (70.8 ± 49.8 ng/ml, 57.6 ± 47.7 ng/ml and 395.4 ± 275.6 ng/ml respectively) of the controls. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the dietary lycopene intake (r = -0.396, p = 0.041) and serum lycopene (r =-0.502, p = 0.008) with PC;while a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of retinol with PC (r = 0.394, p = 0.042). Conclusion: The study has revealed low anti-oxidant status, and an inverse association between lycopene status and prostate cancer in the elderly men.

关键词： Lycopene Retinol Beta-Carotene Male Adults Prostate Cancer Ibadan

Current status of yttrium-90 microspheres radioembolization in primary and metastatic liver cancer

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Journal of Interventional Medicine 2023年第4期6卷 152-158页

作者： Yasaman Anbari Floortje e.Veerman grace Keane Arthur J.A.T.Braat Maarten L.J.Smits Rutger C.G.Bruijnen Wenle Tan Ye Li Feng Duan Marnix G.e.H.Lam University Medical Center Utrecht Utrechtthe Netherlands Interventional Radiology Department Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina

Liver malignancy,including primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer has become one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to the high malignant degree and limited systematic treatment *** with yttrium-90(^(90)Y)-loaded microspheres is a relatively novel technology that has made significant progress in the local treatment of liver *** different steps in the extensive work-up of radioembolization for patients with an indication for treatment with^(90)Y microspheres,from patient selection to follow up,both technically and clinically,are discussed in this *** describes the application and development of^(90)Y microspheres in the treatment of liver cancer.

关键词： Yttrium-90 microspheres Primary liver cancer Metastatic liver cancer Selective internal radiation therapy Trans-arterial radioembolization

室外风环境视角下的高层住宅项目规划指标研究（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2016年第5期17卷 378-388页

作者： Xiao-yu YING grace DING Xiao-jun HU Yin-qi ZHANG Department of Architecture Zhejiang University City College School of the Built environment University of Technology Sydney Department of Building Innovation Technology Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences (Group) Co. Ltd.

目的：确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,并将其作为主要的规划指标,研究其对室外风环境的影响。创新点：在以高层、高密度为特点的城市建设中,一个地块的用地规划指标可直接影响居住区的室外物理环境质量。一个高层建筑... 详细信息

目的：确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,并将其作为主要的规划指标,研究其对室外风环境的影响。创新点：在以高层、高密度为特点的城市建设中,一个地块的用地规划指标可直接影响居住区的室外物理环境质量。一个高层建筑群的规划设计不应该只关注建筑物,还应考虑室外物理环境的品质。本研究从室外风环境角度出发,对13种＂容积率-建筑密度-建筑层数＂指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行对比,从而得到可直接服务于城市建设项目的规划策略。方法：1.通过确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,建立三维高层建筑群布局模型,列出19种可能的指标组合（图2）;2.通过日照模拟分析工具Tarch和建筑消防间距计算筛选出13种符合当前规划要求的指标组合;3.运用风环境模拟软件Phoenics,对13种指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行风环境模拟运算;利用图形分析软件Photoshop CS,计算出舒适风面积比值,并进行相互对比（图3和4）;4.根据土建造价对不同建筑群布局的总造价进行对比（图6）。结论：在规划设计中,通常认为较低的容积率和较低的建筑高度意味着建筑体量较小,室外物理环境会更好。但是,本研究发现建筑层数越多、建筑高度越高,行人高度的室外舒适风区面积越大。不过,建筑层数从25层升到30层,舒适风区面积增加有限。加之考虑层数越高导致造价越高的因素,当面对容积率为2.0~4.0的高层地块时,不能简单地认为建筑层数最高的规划方案就是最好的方案。

关键词：室外风环境规划指标建筑群布局高层建筑

Very long survival in pediatric cancer between 1944 and 1993

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Chinese Medical Journal 1999年第7期112卷 39-43页

作者： Zhao Guolong, Cathy D Boysen, edward F Brown, Khatab M Hassanein, Frederic k F Holmes and grace e Foege Holmes China 450052 Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas 66160 USA Department of Biometry University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas 66160 USA Department of Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas 66160 USA

Objective To identify factors associated with very long survival among all cancer cases di agnosed at age 19 years or younger registered by the Cancer Data Service at the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, Kansas, USA in the 40 year period between 1944 and 1983, with followup to 1993 Methods There were 2720 pediatric patients with 2750 cancers who were studied Forty f our types of cancer were grouped into 11 diagnostic categories Diagnosis years spanned four eras: 1944-1953, 1954-1963, 1964-1973, and 1974-1983 Cases were c ompared u sing specific characteristics and were divided into shortterm and longterm s urvivors with the division generously set at seven years The proportions of t h e longterm survivors were compared by specific characteristics Results Among the diagnostic categories, leukemias were the most common (298%), follow e d by CNS tumors (152%), and Hodgkin's disease (90%) Male to female ratio was 43; average age at diagnosis was 883608 years Longterm survivors to tal ed 1148 (417%) Prognosis was better in cases diagnosed in earlier stages and i n later eras Proportion of longterm survivors increased from 187% in era to 526% in era Improvement of survival was statistically significant in mo st diagnostic categories Conclusions This study shows continuing improvement of survival during four consecutive eras for childhood and adolescent cancer early diagnosis was associated with bett e r survival Unstaged cases decreased over time reflecting progress in diagnost i c techniques Many patients died before seven years after diagnosis Those w ho survived more than seven years had excellent survival Pediatricians can expe c t to participate in the care of these patients long after the original diagnosis and treatment

关键词： cancer survial longterm children

e-cigarettes and arterial health:A review of the link between vaping and atherosclerosis progression

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第12期16卷 707-719页

作者： Muhammad Hassan Julia Vinagolu-Baur Vivian Li Kelly Frasier grace Herrick Tiffany Scotto erica Rankin Department of Medicine Nuvance HealthVassar Brothers Medical CenterPoughkeepsieNY 12601United States Department of Medical education State University of New YorkUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States Department of Medical education Alabama College of Osteopathic MedicineDothanAL 36303United States Department of Medicine University of Florida HealthJacksonvilleFL 32209United States Department of Medical education Nova Southeastern University Kiran C.Patel College of Osteopathic MedicineFort LauderdaleFL 33328United States

Recent studies have suggested an evolving understanding of the association be-tween vaping,specifically electronic cigarette(e-cigarette)use,and the progre-ssion of atherosclerosis,a significant contributor to cardiovascular ***-pite the prevailing perception of vaping as a safer alternative to traditional toba-cco smoking,accumulating evidence suggests that the aerosols emitted by e-cigarettes contain harmful constituents that may promote endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammation,and dyslipidemia—key mechanisms implicated in atherosclerosis *** past research,including experimental studies and clinical investigations,has shed light on the potential cardiovascular risks associated with vaping,gaps in knowledge *** research endeavors should focus on interpreting the long-term effects of vaping on atherosclerosis development and progression,exploring the impact of different e-cigarette formu-lations and user demographics,and identifying effective strategies for mitigating the cardiovascular consequences of *** identifying and addressing these research gaps,we can enhance our understanding of the cardiovascular implica-tions of vaping and inform evidence-based interventions and policies to safe-guard public *** Tip:e-cigarette use has been linked to various cardiovascular risks,including the progression of *** the perception of vaping as a safer alternative to smoking,evidence suggests that e-cigarette aerosols contain harmful substances that contribute to endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammation,and *** mechanisms are crucial in the development and progression of *** review explores multiple facets of e-cigarettes and arterial health,focusing on the connection between vaping and atherosclerosis *** presents up-to-date evidence on pathophysiology and significant clinical implications,the impact of various constituents,and discusses cont

关键词： e-cigarettes Vaping Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular disease Dyslipidemia Oxidative stress Nicotine

effect of Socio-Demographic Factors on Zinc Status of Infants and Preschool Children in east Gojjam, Amhara Region of ethiopia

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Journal of Food Science and engineering 2015年第1期5卷 22-36页

作者： Adamu Belay grace Marquis Gulelat Desse Food Science and Nutrition Research Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition McGill University Montreal Canada Department of Food Science and Technology Botswana College of Agriculture Gaborone Botswana

Zinc deficiency is a public health concern and is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of zinc deficiency among infants and preschool children. Based on a community, the cross-sectional study was conducted in east Gojjam between October 2011 and April 2012. Two hundred and forty infants and preschool children were randomly selected in the study. Data on potential determinants of zinc deficiency were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum zinc concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, independent sample student＇s t-test and linear regression model. The mean serum zinc concentration of infants and preschool children was 62.98 （±13.03） μg/dL in 95% confidence interval （CI） between 61.32 and 64.63 （i.e., 95% CI： 61.32, 64.63）. About 57,1% of the subjects were zinc deficient. The main determinants of low serum zinc status of infants and preschool children were age and number of family members living on the same land. Zinc status of older children was 3.67 μg/dL （95% CI： -5.58, -1.77） lower than children who were aged 6-10 months. Serum zinc status of infants and preschool children is decreased by 0.83 p.g/dL （95% CI： -1.36, -0.30） with each additional family member. Food insecurity, dietary diversity, sex, child health, anthropometric indices, maternal education and wealth index were not associated with serum zinc status. Zinc deficiency among infants and preschool children is highly prevalent. Such potential deficiencies require urgent attention, including complementary food preparation education, traditional phytate reduction method and family planning implementation recommended in the study area.

关键词： Serum zinc concentration zinc deficiency infant and preschool children.

Remote Access Communications Security: Analysis of User Authentication Roles in Organizations

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Journal of Information Security 2020年第3期11卷 161-175页

作者： ezer Osei Yeboah-Boateng grace Dzifa Kwabena-Adade Faculty of Computing & Information Systems (FoCIS) Ghana Technology University College Accra Ghana

Remote access is a means of accessing resources outside one’s immediate physical location. This has made employee mobility more effective and productive for most organizations. Remote access can be achieved via various channels of remote communication, the most common being Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). The demand for remote access is on the rise, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, and will continue to increase as most organizations are re-structuring to make telecommuting a permanent part of their mode of operation. employee mobility, while presenting organizations with some advantages, comes with the associated risk of exposing corporate cyber assets to attackers. The remote user and the remote connectivity technology present some vulnerabilities which can be exploited by any threat agent to violate the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) dimensions of these cyber assets. So, how are users and remote devices authenticated? To what extent is the established connection secured? With employee mobility on the rise, it is necessary to analyze the user authentication role since the mobile employee is not under the monitoring radar of the organization, and the environment from which the mobile employee connects may be vulnerable. In this study, an experiment was setup to ascertain the user authentication roles. The experiment showed the process of 2FA in user authentication and it proved to be an effective means of improving user authentication during remote access. This was depicted via the use of what the user has (mobile phone/soft-token) as a second factor in addition to what the user knows, i.e. password. This authentication method overcomes the security weaknesses inherent in single-factor user authentication via the use of password only. However, the results also showed that though 2FA user authentication ensures security, the remote devices could exhibit further vulnerabilities and pose serious risks to the organization. Thus, a varied impl

关键词： Remote Access Communications Security User Authentication 2FA Virtual Private Network (VPN) Telecommuting Threats Vulnerabilities

Post-Harvest Handling Practices and Losses for Legumes and Starchy Staples in Uganda

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 141-156页

作者： Juliet e. Tibagonzeka grace Akumu Florence Kiyimba Abel Atukwase Julius Wambete Joseph Bbemba John H. Muyonga School of Food Technology Nutrition & Bioengineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization Entebbe Uganda Volunteer efforts for Development Concern Kampala Uganda

High postharvest losses in developing countries negate the efforts geared towards improving food security. Poor produce quality including high prevalence of mycotoxin contamination is another significant problem. Appropriate postharvest handling and processing provide opportunities to reduce postharvest losses and improve food safety. This study was aimed at establishing the postharvest handling practices and estimating qualitative and quantitative postharvest losses for maize, millet, sorghum, beans, groundnuts, cassava, and sweet potatoes among farmers in 3 districts (Kamuli, Apac and Nakasongola) in Uganda, representing different agro-ecological zones. The study was done in late August 2014 after the first season harvests (June-August). Farmer interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data on postharvest loss estimates and postharvest handling practices. Samples of the different foods were collected and analyzed for physical quality characteristics, mould count and aflatoxin contamination using standard laboratory procedures. The results show predominance of rudimentary and inappropriate postharvest handling methods. Postharvest loss estimates were generally high, with values of 41%, 33%, 33%, 26%, 31%, 22%, 17% and 19% for maize, millet, sorghum, beans, groundnuts, cowpea, sweet potatoes and cassava respectively. The highest loss for all the crops was recorded at storage. Prevalence of aflatoxin contamination was 44%, 91%, 55%, 36%, 35% and 60% for maize, sorghum, groundnuts, millet, sweet potatoes and cassava respectively. Sorghum, maize and groundnuts were found to have the highest aflatoxin contamination levels. Chi-square test (p = 0.024, odds ratio = 5) showed that grain dried on bare ground had higher aflatoxin levels than that dried on a covered surface. The findings of this study reveal a serious need for postharvest interventions as a strategy to address food security.

关键词： Aflatoxins Mould Contamination Postharvest Losses Postharvest Practices Grain Storage Crop Drying