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Detection of the Production of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase, New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase and Oxacillinase-48-Type Carbapenemases by Gram-Negative Bacilli in Resource-Limited Setting

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第10期11卷 579-590页

作者： Cecile Okalla ebongue Gabin Gaël Simo Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o grace Dalle Ngondi emmanuel Roddy Mengue Guy Pascal Ngaba Dieudonne Adiogo Laboratory of Clinical Biology General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Laboratory Unit Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon

Background: The increasing resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics is a worldwide public health issue. Carbapenems that have elicited great hope in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant germs have seen their efficacy narrowed over time with the emergence of other novel resistance mechanisms, notably the production of Carbapenemases. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in Douala (Cameroon) to detect carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli. Isolated strains were identified using the Vitek2TM system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on agar plates with 20 selected commercially available antibiotic discs. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of three Carbapenemases (OXA-48, NDM, KPC), using an immuno-chromatographic technique, with the “ReSIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT” rapid detection kit. Results: During the study period, 1687 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in selected laboratories with a total of 200 multi-resistant strains identified (11.9%). Among the multi-resistant strains, e. coli was the species most represented in enterobacteriaceae (27.5%) followed by K. pneumoniae (15.5%) and the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly P. aeruginosa (20.5%). These strains mainly came from urine and pus, i.e. 41% and 32% respectively. Thirty-two (16%) strains produced one of the Carbapenemases with a higher frequency at the General Hospital (84%). NDM-type carbapenemase was the most frequently identified (8.5%), OXA-48 type 7.5%, and no KPC production was observed. Among the enterobacteriaceae 22.9% produced Carbapenemases and only 5.1% of the non-fermenting bacilli produced these enzymes. The isolates strains were completely resistant to all antibiotics except Amikacin and Fosfomycin. The strains producing the NDM-type carbapenemase

关键词： Carbapenemases Gram-Negative Bacilli Multidrug-Resistance Cameroon

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Characterization of the Clay Collected in the Locality of Dolisie in Congo-Brazzaville

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and engineering 2022年第2期10卷 93-105页

作者： Rarahu Nursie Mboho Oba grace Mazel Ifo erman eloge Nzaba Madila Flora Zita Mpissi Diamouangana Thierry Vila Mozalin Paul Foutou Joseph-Marie Moutou Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale Appliquée (LACMA) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Brazzaville Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Brazzaville Département de Chimie Biochimie et Physique and Institut de Recherche sur l’Hydrogène Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières Québec Canada ecole Normale Supérieure Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Brazzaville

This work aims at the characterization of the clay of the locality of Dolisie for its valorization. The mineralogical analysis was determined by the following techniques (DRX, IR, ATG and ATD), chemical analysis was determined by ICP-AeS, CeC was assessed by the Metson method. The geothermal properties were determined by the granulometric analysis of the clay soil and allowed us to position the Dolisie clay in the texture triangle, the landings limits obtained allowed to place the Dolisie clay in the abacus of Casagrande and on the workability map of Bain and Highy. Chemical analysis showed that silica alumina as well as iron oxides are the major constituents in Dolisie clay The mineralogical balance showed that kaolinite and illite have similar percentages which are (20.51%) kaolinite, (28.08) illites. This leads us to believe that kaolinite is not the dominant mineral and the IR spectrum shows that kaolinite is poorly crystallized.

关键词： Clay Characterization Mineralogy Valuation

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Perceived roles,benefits and barriers of virtual global health partnership initiatives:a cross-sectional exploratory study

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 471-481页

作者： Lisa Umphrey George Paasi William Windsor grace Abongo Jessica evert Heather Haq elizabeth M.Keating Suet Kam Lam Megan S.McHenry Carolyne Ndila Charles Nwobu Amy Rule Reena P.Tam Daniel Olson Peter Olupot-Olupot Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine13123 E 16th AveB302AuroraCO 80045USA Center for Global Health Colorado School of Public Health13199 E Montview BlvdSte 310A090AuroraCO 80045USA Mbale Clinical Research Institute Plot 2933 PallisaMbaleUganda Child Family Health International 11135 San Pablo Ave#929El CerritoCA 94530USA Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine1 Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Division of Pediatric emergency Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineEC-10 Cleveland Clinic9501 Euclid AveClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine340 W 10th StIndianapolisIN 46202USA Child Family Health International AccraGhana Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine3333 Burnet AveCincin-natiOH 45229USA Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Busitema University P.O.Box 1460MbaleUganda

Background:Virtual global health partnership initiatives(VGHPIs)evolved rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure partnership *** the current landscape for VGHPI use and preference is *** study aimed to increase understanding of GH partners’perspectives on ***:From 15 October to 30 November 2020,An online,international survey was conducted using snowball sampling to document pandemic-related changes in partnership activities,preferences for VGHPIs,and perceived acceptability and *** survey underwent iterative development within a diverse author group,representing academic and clinical institutions,and the non-profit *** from their professional global health networks were invited,including focal points for global health partnerships while excluding trainees and respondents from the european economic *** stratified responses by country income classification and partnership *** used descriptive statistics to characterize responses,defining statistical significance asα=***:A total of 128 respondents described 219 partnerships.152/219(69%)partnerships were transnational,157/219(72%)were of>5 years duration,and 127/219(60%)included bidirectional site ***-income country(HIC)partners sent significantly more learners to low-to middle-income country(LMIC)partner sites(pented on pandemic-related disruptions affecting 217/219(99%)partnerships;195/217(90%)were disruption to activities;122/217(56%)to communication;73/217(34%)to access to professional support;and 72/217(33%)to *** indicated that VGHPIs would be important to 206/219(94%)of their partnerships moving *** were overall differences in resource availability,technological capacity,and VGHPI preferences between LMIC and HIC respondents,with a statistically significant difference in VGHPI acceptability(pere was no significant difference between groups regarding VGHP

关键词： Global health Partnership Virtual Pandemic

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Patient Safety efforts in Tanzania: A Rapid Review of Two-Decades efforts (2002-2022) to Inform Interventions towards Attainment of 2030 Targets

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 466-495页

作者： Joseph C. Hokororo Michael Habtu Radenta P. Bahegwa Ruth R. Ngowi Yohanes S. Msigwa Mbwana M. Degeh erick S. Kinyenje Omary A. Nassoro Laura e. Marandu Chrisogone J. German edwin Mkwama Bushi Lugoba grace e. Saguti Zabulon Yoti eliudi S. eliakimu Health Quality Assurance Unit Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania World Health Organization Dar es Salaam Tanzania Centre for Distance education Morogoro Tanzania Benjamin Mkapa Hospital Dodoma Tanzania

Introduction: The need to address the problem of patient safety has been a focus of World Health Assembly (WHA) meetings of 2002, 2019 and 2021. The 2019 WHA Resolution urged the Member States to take action on patient safety. We aimed to review patient safety efforts in Tanzania from 2002 to 2022 to inform improvement efforts towards the 2030 target. Methods: A rapid literature review was conducted between January 2002 and April 2022. We searched Google, PubMed and PubMed Central in April and May 2022 using the following search terms: PubMed—“patient safety Tanzania”, “blood safety in Tanzania”, “safe surgery Tanzania”, and “healthcare-associated infections Tanzania”;Google—“blood safety in Tanzania”, injection safety in Tanzania”, “infection prevention and control”, “radiation safety in health facilities in Tanzania”;and PubMed Central—“injection safety in Tanzania. Results: The search identified 4160 articles, of which 4053 were removed in initial screening;21 were duplicates, giving 86 relevant articles for full screening. Of the 86 articles, 04 were removed after the full screening, hence remaining with 82 articles. Among the 82 eligible articles, 27 are on IPC, 26 on safe surgery, 12 on blood safety, 07 on radiation safety, 06 on injection safety, and 02 on medication safety. One article was relevant to—blood safety, IPC and injection safety;and one article was relevant to—IPC and injection safety. Conclusion: Most of the eligible literature was on IPC and safe surgery, followed by blood safety, radiation safety, injection safety and medication safety. The literature on IPC has highlighted the need to strengthen efforts to address AMR. Findings from the implementation of the safe surgery 2020 intervention warrants for its scale-up to other zones. There is a need to strengthen hemovigilance and pharmacovigilance functions;and strengthen quality management and assurance systems and regulatory functions to ensure radiation safety.

关键词： Patient Safety Safe Surgery Infection Prevention and Control Medication Safety Radiation Safety

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Hygienic and Dietary Measures in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients Followed at the Douala General Hospital: Knowledge, Compliance and effect on Blood Pressure Control

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 21-31页

作者： Félicité Kamdem grace eugénie Makota Ndongo Christelle Noche Domngang Hamadou Ba Jaff Fenkeu Kweban Glwadys Ngono Atéba Sidick Mouliom Henri Ngoté Lade Viché Caroline Kenmegne Marie Solange Ndom ebongue Siddikatou Djibrilla elysée Claude Bika Léle Samuel Kingue Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Intensive Care Unit Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of N’Gaoundéré N’Gaoundéré Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Introduction: The management of hypertension is mostly based on pharmacotherapy and hygienic and dietary measures (HDMs) for which little data is available in Cameroon. The concern to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients led us to study the knowledge, compliance and effect of HDMs among Cameroonian hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Douala General Hospital;the census of patients was carried out from 05 March to 10 May 2018. The data evaluated were knowledge and compliance with HDMs with an inference of their effect on blood pressure control. Results: We recruited 330 participants at mean age of 60 ± 11 years, 37.9% men;57.3% with blood pressure (BP) controlled. Out of 330 subjects, 308 (93.3%) who had been educated about dietary health measures for hypertension were assessed on knowledge, compliance and effect of these measures against 22 (6.7%) who had never heard about them. Around 85.7% of participants had good knowledge of HDMs and 78.9% had good compliance with them. There was no statistically significant influence of knowledge and compliance with HDMs on blood pressure control. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and adherence to HDMs of hypertensive patients at the Douala General Hospital was appreciable. It is however appropriate for physicians to intensify patient education on HDMs and BP control.

关键词： Hypertension Hygienic and Dietary Measures Blood Pressure Control Knowledge Compliance

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Bacteriological Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Predictors of Bacteremia in Neonates with Clinical Sepsis at KCMC Hospital, Northern Tanzania

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Open Journal of epidemiology 2024年第4期14卷 647-668页

作者： Nyemo P. Kwanga Aisa Shayo Rune Philemon Arnold Likiliwike Mselle Mathew elise Kimambo Phillip Mrindoko grace Kinabo Levina Msuya Hans Maro Raimos Olomi Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania UNICeF Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Despite a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, especially in developing countries. In Tanzania, neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death, accounting for 25% of all deaths. The rising global threat of antimicrobial resistance and the rising burden of neonatal death due to neonatal sepsis have been of great concern and have delayed progress toward reaching SDG goal 3.2 by 2030. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and predictors of bacteremia among neonates with clinical sepsis at KCMC Hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methodology: This study had a cross-sectional design conducted at KCMC Hospital, Northern Tanzania. The study population was neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood cultures from neonates. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables, while continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The frequencies and proportions of bacteria isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility results were analyzed and compared using Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with positive blood culture. Results: Out of 411 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, 175 (42.9%) had positive blood cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were most frequently isolated at 52.3%, and gram-negative bacteria were 47.7%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (30.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%) were the predominant gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative isolates were Klebsiella spp 47 (26.7%), e. coli 10 (5.7%), and Citrobacter spp 10 (5.1%). The gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, whereas the gram-negative were sensi

关键词： Bacteriological Profile Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Clinical Sepsis Neonates

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Health Facilities Readiness to Implement Standard Precautions for Infection Prevention and Control in Tanzania: Lesson Learnt from SARA Reports

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 392-404页

作者： Joseph Christopher Hokororo Omary A. Nassoro Saumu Iddy Nungu Radenta Paul Bahegwa Ruth Raymond Ngowi Yohanes Silipamwambo Msigwa Laura edward Marandu Mwendwa Mwenesi Chrisogone Justin German Akili Mawazo Michael M. Habtu grace e. Saguti Tigest K. Mengestu eliudi Saria eliakimu Health Quality Assurance Unit Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Health emergency Preparedness and Response Unit Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Immunization and Vaccine Development (IVD) Program Division of Preventive Services Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania School of Laboratory Sciences Muhimbili University Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania World Health Organization—Tanzania Country Office Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Introduction: Standard Precautions are a set of measures applied in the care of all individuals/patients regardless of their infectious status aiming at preventing healthcare workers and patients from infections, preventing environmental contamination and spread of infections to the community. Many health facilities have not implemented them to an acceptable level. The purpose of the study is to report progress of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions for infection prevention and control based on SARA reports. Methods: We generated mean scores of all standard precautions each year and calculated their standard deviations, variances and confidence intervals. One-way ANOVA was used to determine if the mean scores were equal. Finally, the trend of improvement in health facilities readiness to implement the standard precautions was generated. Results: A total of nine standard precautions were reported in SARA reports for 2012, 2017 and 2020. The mean scores of the standard precautions were 52.22% in 2012, 64.55% in 2017 and 69.66% in 2020. The overall trend showed an increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions, although the mean scores were not statistically different (p-value 0.3217). Conclusion: SARA surveys conducted in Tanzania in 2012, 2017 and 2020 have shown an overall increase in health facilities readiness to implement standard precautions. Safe final waste disposal was being done in fewest facilities while single-use or auto-disable syringes were in most facilities that were sampled in all years. SARA surveys may be a useful way to evaluate Infection Prevention and Control adherence in health facilities.

关键词： Infection Prevention and Control Standard Precautions Health Facilities Readiness Safe Waste Disposal Implementation of Standard Precautions

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A retrospective Aliskiren and Losartan study in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease

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World Journal of Nephrology 2013年第4期2卷 129-135页

作者： Keng-Thye Woo Hui-Lin Choong Kok-Seng Wong Han-Kim Tan Marjorie Foo Fook-Chong Stephanie evan JC Lee Vathsala Anantharaman grace SL Lee Choong-Meng Chan Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General Hospital Department of Clinical Research Singapore General Hospital Department of Nephrology National University of Singapore

AIM： To assess the effcacy of combined Aliskiren and Losartan vs high dose Losartan and Aliskiren alone in chronic kidney disease （CKD）.MeTHODS： This is a retrospective study of 143 pa-tients with non-diabetic CKD comparing combined Aliskiren （150 mg/d） with Losartan （100 mg/d） therapy vs High dose Angiotensin receptor blockers （ARB）（Losartan 200 mg/d） and the third group Aliskiren （150 mg/d） alone. This study involved only patient medi-cal records. entry criteria included those patients who had been treated with the above drugs for at least 36 mo within the 5 years period; other criteria included proteinuria of 1 g or more and or CKD Stage 3 at the start of the 36 mo period. The study utilised primary renal end points of estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate （eGFR）〈 15 mL/min or end stage renal failure. ReSULTS： Patients treated with high dose ARB com-pared to the other two treatment groups had signifcantly less proteinuria at the end of 36 mo （ P 〈 0.007）. All 3 groups had signifcant reduction of proteinuria （ P 〈 0.043, P 〈 0.001）. Total urinary protein was signifcantly differ-ent between the 3 groups over the 3-year study period （ P = 0.008）, but not eGFR. The changes in eGFR from baseline to each year were not signifcantly different be-tween the 3 therapeutic groups （ P 〈 0.119）. There were no significant differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the 3 drug groups throughout the 3 years. The incidence of hyperkalemia （〉 5.5 mmol/L） was 14.2% （7/49） in the Combined Aliskiren and ARB group, 8.7% （4/46） in the Aliskiren alone group and 6.3% （3/48） in the High dose ARB group （ P 〈 0.001）.CONCLUSION： This study in non-diabetic CKD pa-tients showed that Combination therapy with Aliskiren and ARB was effective but was not safe as it was asso-ciated with a high prevalence of hyperkalaemia.

关键词： Aliskiren Chronic kidney disease disease Clinical trial

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简单的快乐(英文)

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疯狂英语（阅读版） 2005年第5期 37-37页

作者： grace e.easley

这首小诗让我想起一句话:Simplicity is beauty(简单即美)。生活正是如此!

关键词：正是如此英文 everything something

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Peroxidase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Bulk-Marketed Black Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>L.) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第9期7卷 66-80页

作者： Nadege Ngombe Kabamba Joyce Mbuyi Katalayi Jimmy Kabeya Kabengele grace Nkakapen Djoumbissi Marie Joe Kabongo Kapinga Th&eacute ophile Mbemba Fundu Dieudonn&eacute Tshitenge Tshitenge Pascal Dibungi T. Kalenda Paulin Mutwale Kapepula Centre d’etudes des Substances Naturelles d’Origine V&eacute g&eacute tale (CeSNOV) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratoire d’Analyses et de Recherche en Alimentation et Nutrition (LARAN) Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of the Congo

The widely known leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) derive the most consumed beverage globally. All over the world, like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), they are marketed in the form of packaged and in bulk black tea. The aim of this study was to report the microscopic botanical features, the chromatographic fingerprints, the antioxidant activities, and the peroxidase inhibition of bulk-marketed black teas consumed in DR Congo. The microscopic analysis of powders from unpackaged black tea marketed in DR Congo allowed the identification of specific microscopical features, which are characteristic to C. sinensis (L.) such as numerous asterosclerites, numerous fragments of unicellular trichomes;fragments of abaxial epidermis consisting of cells with slightly wavy walls, numerous anomocytic stomata, and the detection of biological contaminants, e.g. the dust mites. TLC and HPLC analysis indicated that flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid) were major phenolic compounds, along with other secondary metabolites. Aqueous extracts from all bulk-marketed black teas exhibited good antioxidant activities at the concentrations range of 1 - 20 μg·mL-1 using in vitro ABTS and DPPH assays. These extracts showed equally inhibitory effects on myeloperoxidase (MPO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activities at the concentration ranges of 1 - 20 μg·mL-1 and 20 - 100 μg·mL-1 respectively. Bulk-marketed black teas consumed in DR Congo possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties comparable to packaged Ceylon tea largely marketed. The observed bioactivities support the health benefits of the consumed black tea by Congolese people, despite the storage conditions to be improved in order to preserve its nutritional and therapeutic assets.

关键词： Antioxidant Activity Black Tea Camellia sinensis HRP L-012 Mites Myeloperoxidase

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