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Field efficacy of insect pathogen, botanical, and jasmonic acid for the management of wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana and the impact on adult parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans populations in spring wheat

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 523-535页

作者： govinda shrestha Gadi V. P. Reddy Department of Research Centers Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center Montana State University Conrad Montana USA

The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, is a serious pest of wheat worldwide. In North America, management of S. mosellana in spring wheat relies on the timely application of pesticides, based on midge adults levels caught in pheromone traps or seen via field scouting during wheat heading. In this context, biopesticides can be an effective alternative to pesticides for controlling S. mosellana within an Integrated Pest Management program. A field study using insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana GHA, nematode Steinernema Jeltiae with Barricade polymer gel 1%, pyrethrin, combined formulations of B. bassiana GHA and pyrethrin, Jasmonic acid (JA) and chlorpyrifos (chemical check) was performed to determine to which extent they affect midge larval populations, kernel damage levels, grain yield, and quality, and the impacts on adult parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans populations. The results indicated that biopesticides JA and S. Jeltiae were the most effective in reducing larval populations and kernel damage levels, and produced a higher spring wheat yield when compared to the water control at both study locations (East Valier and North Valier, Montana, USA). Increased test weight in wheat had been recorded with two previous biopesticides at East Valier but not for North Valier, when compared over water control. These results were comparable in efficacy to the chlorpyrifos. This study also suggested that B. bassiana and pyrethrin may work synergistically, as exemplified by lower total larval populations and kernel damage levels when applied together. This study did not demonstrate the effect of any treatments on M. penetrans populations.

关键词： biological control biopesticides entomopathogen Integrated Pest Management

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Is laser photocoagulation still effective in diabetic macular edema? Assessment with optical coherence tomography in Nepal

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2012年第2期5卷 217-221页

作者： Arjun shrestha Deepak Khadka Angira Karmacharya Nhukesh Maharjan Anand shrestha Raba Thapa govinda Poudyal Geta Eye Hospital Dhangadhi Nepal Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology Kathmandu Nepal Mountain Health Care and Education Foundation Kathmandu Nepal

AIM: To find out the outcome of laser photocoagulation in clinically significant macular edema (CSME) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). · METHODS: It was a prospective, non-controlled, case series study enrolling 81 eyes of 64 patients with CSME between August 2008 and January 2010. All patients received modified grid photocoagulation with frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser. Each patient was evaluated in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and regression or progression of maculopathy after laser therapy at 1, 3 and 6 months. Spearman’s correlation test was used to show the correlation between BCVA and total macular volume (TMV). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare among groups and independent t-test was used to compare in each group. · RESULTS: There is high correlation between BCVA and TMV (P ≤0.001). BCVA improved in 50.6%, remained static in 39.5 % and deteriorated in 9.9% patients after 6 month of treatment. The Baseline TMV (mean and SD) were 9.26±1.83, 10.4±2.38, 11.5±3.05, 8.89±0.75 and 9.47±1.98 mm3 for different OCT patterns, ST (sponge like thickening), CMO (cystoid macular edema), SFD (subfoveal detachment), VMIA (Vitreo macular interface abnormality) and average TMV respectively (P =0.04). After 6 months of laser treatment, the mean TMV decreased from 9.47±1.98mm3 to 8.77±1.31mm3(P =0.01). In ST there was significant decrease in TMV, P =0.01, Further within these groups at 6 months, they were significantly different, P =0.01. · CONCLUSION: OCT showed the different morphological variant of CSME while the response of treatment is different. TMV decreased the most and hence showed the improvement in vision after 6 months of laser treatment. In the era of Anti vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), efficacy of laser seems to be in shadow but it is still first line of treatment in developing nation like Nepal where antiVEGFs may not be easily available and affordable.

关键词： Clinically significant macular edema Grid laser photocoagulation Optical coherence tomography Total macular volume

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Frontier Analysis of Nepalese Commercial Banks： DEA Approach

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第10期4卷 675-682页

作者： Sunity shrestha Hada govinda Tamang Central Department of Management Tribhuvan University Nepal

The efficiency of any organizations at manufacturing sector or service sector, profit making or non-profit making, is most important factor for survival and growth of the organization. The Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） technique is one of the most popular and effective tool to measure relative efficiency hence is appropriate to make comparison among similar organizations with multiple output and input. This study performs frontier analysis and measures the relative efficiency of Nepalese commercial banks using DEA approach with two output and two input variables.

关键词： Data envelopment analysis frontier analysis commercial banks relative efficiency

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对生物燃料应给予多大希望？——生物燃料能否在未来能源市场占据重要位置取决于能否解决或降低“与人争粮、与粮争地”以及能否对环境有所改善

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世界石油工业 2012年第4期19卷 24-28页

作者： govinda R. Timilsina Ashish shrestha 张华珍世界银行环境与能源发展研究小组

20世纪70年代的石油危机催生了生物燃料的发展。根据原料和转化技术的不同，可分为第一代生物燃料和第二代生物燃料，前者原料与粮食供应相矛盾，但在大多数国家已实现了商业化；后者技术成本较高，只有少数国家实现了商业化。全球乙醇... 详细信息

20世纪70年代的石油危机催生了生物燃料的发展。根据原料和转化技术的不同，可分为第一代生物燃料和第二代生物燃料，前者原料与粮食供应相矛盾，但在大多数国家已实现了商业化；后者技术成本较高，只有少数国家实现了商业化。全球乙醇产量从2004年的508亿L增至2009年的760亿L，生物柴油产量从2004年的25亿L增至2009年的170亿L，主要受确保能源安全和缓解气候变化的政策因素驱动。未来生物燃料在能源市场占据的位置取决于其能否解决或降低“与人争粮、与粮争地”的冲突以及能否对环境有所改善。

关键词：生物燃料能源市场位置环境燃料能石油危机转化技术粮食供应

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在尼泊尔进行的白内障超声乳化和小切口无缝线囊外摘除疗效比较的前瞻性研究

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实用防盲技术 2007年第4期2卷 35-39页

作者： Sanduk Ruit Geoffrey Tabin David Chang Leena Bajracharya Daniel C.Kline William Richheimer Mohan shrestha govinda Paudyal 万川合肥安徽省立医院眼科 230001

目的比较白内障超声乳化摘除和小切口无缝线囊外摘除的疗效。对108例明显白内障患者进行前瞻性,随机比较。方法设备:显微眼外科扶贫诊所;病人:108例白内障病人随机接受白内障超声乳化摘除和小切口无缝线囊外摘除;并植入白内障手术植入... 详细信息

目的比较白内障超声乳化摘除和小切口无缝线囊外摘除的疗效。对108例明显白内障患者进行前瞻性,随机比较。方法设备:显微眼外科扶贫诊所;病人:108例白内障病人随机接受白内障超声乳化摘除和小切口无缝线囊外摘除;并植入白内障手术植入人工晶体;主要检测:手术时间、手术并发症、术后视力和最好矫正视力、散光、中央角膜水肿情况。结果两种手术都有很好的手术效果而且并发症少。术后第一天,两组病例的未矫正视力无显著性差异(=0.185),而小切口组的角膜水肿发生率要低于超乳组(=0.0039)。六个月后,小切口组有89%病人未矫正视力达到20/60以上,98%病人的最好矫正视力达到20/60以上,而超乳组,这两个比例未85%和98%,两者无统计学上差异(=0.30)。在手术时间上,小切口的手术时间明显少于超乳组,二者有统计学上差异(<0.0001)。结论小切口和超乳都有很好的手术效果和低并发症。两者相比。小切口手术更快、费用低、对技术要求低。因此,小切口白内障摘除是治疗发展中国家成熟白内障的有效治疗方法。

关键词：白内障病人如银内障小切口手术超乳囊外摘除无缝线超声乳化人工晶体矫正视力前瞻性研究尼泊尔南亚

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