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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital nacional de parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

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Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GnSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and planetary physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： prayitno Abadi Ihsan n.Muafiry Teguh n.pratama Angga Y.putra Suraina Gatot H.pramono Sidik T.Wibowo Febrylian F.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan p.Tresna Asnawi Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory Management Facilities and Science and Technology park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research Center for photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GnSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial plasma Bubble(EpB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EpB can disrupt GnSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GnSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EpB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EpB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EpB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GnSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GnSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EpB studies,enhancing the understanding of EpB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial plasma Bubble(EpB) GnSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles:challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1997-1998页

作者： paz Cartas-Cejudo Adriana Cortés Mercedes Lachén-Montes Elena Anaya-Cubero Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Enrique Santamaría Clinical neuroproteomics Unit Proteomics PlatformNavarrabiomedHospitalario Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain

Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous *** diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual *** the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining *** last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.

关键词： diseases drug amyloid

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奶牛饲料中添加等量不同来源的饲料对牛奶产量和总消化率的影响

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饲料博览 2017年第3期27卷 49-49页

作者： Eastridge M L Starkey R A gott p n Oelker E R Sewell A R Mathew B Firkins J L

试验旨在探究玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆制成的有效中性洗涤纤维(penDF)对泌乳奶牛的影响。选取5头荷斯坦奶牛,植入瘤胃瘘管,采用5×5拉丁方设计。试验组分为CS组,饲喂玉米青贮饲料,全混合日粮(TMR)441 g·kg^(-1);ALF组,饲喂玉米青贮饲料和苜... 详细信息

试验旨在探究玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆制成的有效中性洗涤纤维(penDF)对泌乳奶牛的影响。选取5头荷斯坦奶牛,植入瘤胃瘘管,采用5×5拉丁方设计。试验组分为CS组,饲喂玉米青贮饲料,全混合日粮(TMR)441 g·kg^(-1);ALF组,饲喂玉米青贮饲料和苜蓿干草115 g·kg^(-1),455 g·kg^(-1)TMR;STW-5组,饲喂玉米青贮和小麦秸秆50 g·kg^(-1),390 g·kg^(-1)TMR;STW^(-1)0组,饲喂玉米青贮和秸秆100 g·kg^(-1),462 g·kg^(-1)TMR;STV组,饲喂玉米青贮和玉米秸秆55 g·kg^(-1),395 g·kg^(-1)TMR。除秸秆中含有a nDF 230 g·kg^(-1)以外,其余日粮成分中a nDF含量为180 g·kg^(-1)。STW-5组中干物质摄入量(DMI)最高,ALF组与之相近。各组奶牛体重(734 kg)和体况评分(3.18)相近,产奶量(35.6 kg·d^(-1))、乳脂肪含量(35.6 kg·d^(-1))、乳蛋白质含量(28.7 kg·d^(-1))和牛奶中尿素氮含量(17.4 mg·d L^(-1))相近。不同饲料来源对总消化率无显著影响,干物质消化率为0.757,有机质消化率为0.769,nDF消化率为0.635。各组间瘤胃p H为6.12,乙酸:丙酸为3.10,瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸,丙酸、丁酸、戊酸的比例相近。与其他各组相比,STW-10组异戊酸和异丁酸的比例最高,ALF组异戊酸含量低于STW-5组和STW-10组。饲喂小麦秸秆5%可达到最高的DMI,但饲喂小麦秸秆10%组DMI降低,这可能是由于瘤胃内容物过多。饲喂与玉米青贮饲料中a nDF浓度相近的玉米秸秆、苜蓿干草和小麦秸秆对动物的生产性能、瘤胃发酵无显著影响。

关键词：有效纤维青贮玉米玉米秸秆秸秆苜蓿干草

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Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： María norte-Muñoz María portela-Lomba paloma Sobrado-Calvo Diana Simón Johnny Di pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega Mar pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier Sierra Manuel Vidal-Sanz María Teresa Moreno-Flores Marta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experimental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system,including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,forming an *** axotomized retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy immune recognition major histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

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玉米和液体饲料作泌乳奶牛日粮非纤维碳水化合物源

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饲料博览 2011年第12期21卷 6-6页

作者： Eastridge M L Lefeld A H Eilenfeld A M gott p n Bowen W S Firkins J L 张树金不详

非结构碳水化合物来源与加工方法的交互作用可能会影响动物的生产效率。选择装有瘤胃套管的泌乳后期奶牛5头,采用5×5拉丁方设计试验,饲喂试验日粮共2周。生产试验中,54头奶牛从泌乳60d开始饲喂试验日粮12周。试验日粮含24%玉米青贮、22... 详细信息

非结构碳水化合物来源与加工方法的交互作用可能会影响动物的生产效率。选择装有瘤胃套管的泌乳后期奶牛5头,采用5×5拉丁方设计试验,饲喂试验日粮共2周。生产试验中,54头奶牛从泌乳60d开始饲喂试验日粮12周。试验日粮含24%玉米青贮、22%干草,平均含20%苜蓿、2%饲草,调整苜蓿与饲草的比例以维持所需的36%日粮中性洗涤纤维浓度。对照组日粮含蒸汽压片玉米(SFC),含细磨玉米(FGC;0.8mm)或粗磨玉米(CGC;1.9mm)的其他日粮,分成加或不加3.5%液体饲料(LF)组。LF日粮添加1.03%日粮干物质的糖。试验结果表明,与CGC组比较,FGC组降低瘤胃pH和氨氮浓度。含FGC但不是含CGC的LF可提高瘤胃丁酸盐摩尔百分比,含CGC而不是含FGC的LF趋于降低淀粉消化率。SFC和FGC提高了淀粉的总消化道消化率。日粮处理之间的干物质采食量和产奶量相似。与碎玉米日粮比较,SFC趋于降低乳脂率,因此,饲喂含SFC日粮奶牛的3.5%乳脂肪校正奶和饲料转化率下降。LF降低乳蛋白率,但是对乳蛋白量没有影响。与碎玉米相比,SFC降低乳中尿素氮浓度。与含CGC比较,含FGC添加糖的LF更有益。细磨玉米提高了表面积,对改善淀粉的消化率和优化养分的利用是十分重要的。

关键词：非结构碳水化合物中性洗涤纤维奶牛日粮泌乳后期玉米青贮液体饲料物源试验日粮

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Adding new dimension to non-directed C（sp3）–H functionalizations

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Konstantin p.Bryliakov Laboratory of Selective Oxidation Catalysis N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS

Aliphatic C–H groups are among the most abundant yet least reactive functional groups in organic molecules. nature has evolved metalloenzymes such as those of the cytochrome p450 superfamily that efficiently activate individual tertiary（3） and secondary （2） C（sp3）–H bonds in complex molecules with the highest level of regio-and stereoselectivity [1], thus encouraging studies aimed at engineering artificial metalloenzymes for synthetic applications [2].

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina p.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA national Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Multiple radial phosphorus segregations in GaAsp core-shell nanowires

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nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 157-164页

作者： H.Aruni Fonseka Yunyan Zhang James A.gott Richard Beanland Huiyun Liu Ana M.Sanchez Department of physics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Highly faceted geometries such as nanowires are prone toform self-formed features,especially those that are driven by *** these features is important in preventing their formation,understanding their effects on nanowire properties,or engineering them for *** elemental segregation lines that run along the radii of the hexagonal cross-section have been a common observation in alloy semiconductor ***,in GaAsp nanowires,two additional p rich bands are formed on either side of the primary band,resulting in a total of three segregation bands in the vicinity of three of the alternating *** bands are less intense than the primary band and their formation can be attributed to the inclined nanofacets that form in the vicinity of the *** formation of the secondary bands requires a higher composition of p in the shell,and to be grown under conditions that increase the diffusivity difference between As and ***,it is observed that the primary band can split into two narrow and parallel *** can take place in all six radii,making the cross sections to have up to a maximum of 18 radial segregation *** controlled growth,these features could be exploited to assemble multiple different quantum structures in a new dimension(circumferential direction)within nanowires.

关键词： compound semiconductor alloys radial segregations three-fold symmetry surface chemical potential

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