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Delivery efficiency of periadventitial approach in comparison of intravascular delivery: an assessment of pharmacokinetics in porcine arteries

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中国介入影像与治疗学 2005年第5期2卷 319-324页

作者： Yong-hua Xu gordon mclennan Department of Radiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis 46202 USA

Objective To investigate the delivery efficacy of periadventitial delivery of125I-iododeoxyuridine 125I-IUdR) in comparison of intravascular delivery to determine the optimal delivery method for inhibiting post-angioplasty restenosis. Methods In 8 pigs, one side carotid, subclavian and iliac arteries of each pig were injured by balloon angioplasty with a 20% overstretches. Then, 4 mCi of 125I-IUdR was delivered at each targeted vessel with periadventitial method in 4 pigs （periadventitial group） and with intravascular method via a porous balloon catheter in other 4 pigs （intravascular group）. The animals survived for 5 hours and the blood radioactivity was investigated prior to and hourly after procedure until sacrifice. The targeted vessels and renal arteries （for control） were harvested for gamma-counting and histological observation. Meanwhile, the radioactivity in thyroid, liver, bladder, small bowel and each kidney also were measured to determine the biodistribution of125I. The activities of125I presented in arterial and tissue specimens were compared between the two delivery groups. The targeted arteries were histologically observed and the ratio of intima to media （I∶M ratio） was calculated. Results The target arterial walls in the periadventitial group had 3.4 times as much of125I radioactivity as in the intravascular group, respectively （P=0.038）; the blood activity in intravascular group was significantly higher than periadventitial group immediate after procedure （P0.05）. The mean I: M ratios in both groups were 0.05 without additional injury at the vessel wall. Conclusion The periadventitial delivery offered substantial advantage over intravascular approach with high local delivery efficacy. The apparent redistribution rate is more rap

关键词：传输方式血管内传输药物代谢动力学猪动脉疾病

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Kinetics of Iododeoxyuridine release from sodium alginate hydrogel in vitro

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介入放射学杂志 2006年第5期15卷 293-298页

作者： Mandar R Jagtap Ronald C McGarry Marc S. Mendonca gordon mclennan From the Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology From the Departments of Radiology at Indiana University Medical Center 550 N. University Boulevard Indianapolis IN 46202 From the Departments of Radiology University of Miami School of Medicine

Objective To investigate the kinetics of Iododeoxyuridine(IUdR)release from sodium alginate hydrogel cross-linked with varying amounts of calcium chloride, and to optimize sustained release for further periadventitial I125-labeled IUdR delivery to suppress intimal hyperplasia following angioplasty in vivo. Methods Four hydrogels,composed of 0.16 mEq sodium alginate and 200 g IUdR, were cross-linked with calcium chloride to yield ion equivalence (IE) ratios (Calcium: alginate) of 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, or 6:1. 2 ml of normal saline was placed on top of each hydrogel and allowed to remain in contact at 37℃ for up to 30 days. At set time intervals, the concentration and amount of IUdR in the eluate were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography using UV detection and Water symmetry C18 column. The data for accumulated release rate and concentration in the eluate were calculated based on the calibration curve of peak area versus IUdR concentration. The hydrogel morphologic degradations were also observed. Results The hydrogels entrapped 92.9%, 98.6%, 98.4% and 98.6% of the IUdR with 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratios, respectively. IUdR concentration in eluates from 3:1 IE ratio hydrogel decreased faster than that from other hydrogels over time (P < 0.01). The 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratio hydrogels produced more than 10 μm IUdR concentrations in eluates for the first 8 days, while the 3:1 IE ratio hydrogel for 4 days. IUdR release rates of the 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratio hydrogels were very close, however they were lower than that of the 3:1 IE hydrogel in the first 48 hours (P < 0.05). At day 30, the 3:1 and 4:1 IE ratio hydrogels had 100% and 88% degradation, but no significant degradation was observed in the other hydrogels. Conclusion The sodium alginate hydrogel with 4:1 IE ratio exhibited an optimal IUdR sustained release and almost complete degradation in 30 days. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 293-298)

关键词：碘苷释放动力学藻酸钠水凝胶

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Forging an easier path through graduation:Improving the patient transition from paediatric to adult critical care

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 82-90页

作者： Stephen Warrillow Ben Gelbart Jess Stevens gordon Baikie Mark E Howard Department of Intensive Care Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Living with Disability Research Centre La Trobe UniversityBundoora 3086VictoriaAustralia Department of Neurodevelopment&Disability Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Paediatrics The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing *** normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their *** in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing *** those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of *** the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general *** there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive *** patients may encounter considerable challenges during this *** may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric *** addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health *** challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.

关键词： Paediatric intensive care Disability Adult intensive care Transition Critical care

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Asymmetric variability between maximum and minimum temperatures in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from tree rings

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第1期51卷 41-55页

作者： Jacoby gordon Tree-Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University NY 10964 USA

Ecological systems in the headwaters of the Yellow River, characterized by hash natural environmental conditions, are very vulnerable to climatic change. In the most recent decades, this area greatly attracted the public's attention for its more and more deteriorating environmental conditions. Based on tree-ring samples from the Xiqing Mountain and A'nyêmagên Mountains at the headwaters of the Yellow River in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we reconstructed the minimum temperatures in the winter half year over the last 425 years and the maximum temperatures in the summer half year over the past 700 years in this region. The variation of minimum temperature in the winter half year during the time span of 1578―1940 was a relatively stable trend, which was followed by an abrupt warming trend since 1941. However, there is no significant warming trend for the maximum temperature in the summer half year over the 20th century. The asymmetric variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures were observed in this study over the past 425 years. During the past 425 years, there are similar variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures; however, the minimum temperatures vary about 25 years earlier compared to the maximum temperatures. If such a trend of variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures over the past 425 years continues in the future 30 years, the maximum temperature in this region will increase significantly.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau tree-ring minimum temperature maximum temperature asymmetric variability warming trend

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Unlearning Descartes:Sentient AI is a Political Problem

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第3期4卷 193-204页

作者： gordon Hull the School of Data Science UNC CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The emergence of Large Language Models(LLMs)has renewed debate about whether Artificial Intelligence(AI)can be conscious or *** paper identifies two approaches to the topic and argues:(1)A“Cartesian”approach treats consciousness,sentience,and personhood as very similar terms,and treats language use as evidence that an entity is *** approach,which has been dominant in AI research,is primarily interested in what consciousness is,and whether an entity possesses it.(2)An alternative“Hobbesian”approach treats consciousness as a sociopolitical issue and is concerned with what the implications are for labeling something sentient or *** both enables a political disambiguation of language,consciousness,and personhood and allows regulation to proceed in the face of intractable problems in deciding if something“really is”sentient.(3)AI systems should not be treated as conscious,for at least two reasons:(a)treating the system as an origin point tends to mask competing interests in creating it,at the expense of the most vulnerable people involved;and(b)it will tend to hinder efforts at holding someone accountable for the behavior of the systems.A major objective of this paper is accordingly to encourage a shift in *** place of the Cartesian question-is AI sentient?-I propose that we confront the more Hobbesian one:Does it make sense to regulate developments in which AI systems behave as if they were sentient?

关键词： artificial intelligence Large Language Model consciousness sentience personhood Descartes Hobbes

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Disruption of bone and skeletal muscle in severe burns

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 6-10页

作者： gordon L Klein Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children

Severe burn injury triggers the body＇s nonspecific adaptive responses to acute insult, including the systemic inflammatory and stress responses, as well as the sympathetic response to immobilization. These responses trigger inflammatory bone resorption followed by glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and probably osteocytes. Because these patients are catabolic, they suffer concomitant muscle wasting and negative nitrogen balance. The use of anabolic agents such as recombinant human growth hormone and oxandrolone results in improved bone mineral content and muscle strength after approximately I year. Use of bisphosphonates within the first 10 days of a severe burn completely blocks the resorptive bone loss and has the added advantage of appearing to preserve muscle protein from excessive breakdown. The mechanism for the protective effect on muscle is not currently known. However, if the effect of bisphosphonates on muscle can be confirmed, it raises the possibility that bone communicates with muscle.

关键词： bone Disruption of bone and skeletal muscle in severe burns

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On embedding infinite cyclic covers in compact 3-manifolds

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第9期60卷 1575-1578页

作者： gordon Cameron McA. Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

We show that there are knots whose infinite cyclic covers do not embed in any compact 3-manifold,answering a question of Jiang et al.(2006).

关键词： knot infinite cyclic cover compact 3-manifold

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Scale up of reactors for carbon dioxide reduction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第1期17卷 116-122页

作者： Andrew Nattestad Klaudia Wagner gordon G.Wallace Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science University of WollongongWollongong NSW 2522Australia School of Chemistry Monash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia

In recent times there has been a great deal of interest in the conversion of carbon dioxide into more useful chemical *** the other hand,the translation of these developments in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide from the laboratory bench to practical scale remains an underexplored *** we examine some of the major challenges,demonstrating some promising strategies towards such scale-up,including increased electrode area and stacking of electrode pairs in different *** observed that increasing the electrode area from 1 to 10 cm^(2) led to only a 4%drop in current density,with similarly small penalties realised when stacking sub-cells together.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction electrochemical cell electrosynthesis upscaling

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Solvent Extraction in Hydrometallurgy: Present and Future

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 137-152页

作者： gordon M. Ritcey G. M. Ritcey and Associates Inc. Ottawa Canada

During the past 10 years, there have been incremental advances in the application of solvent extraction to process hydrometallurgy. The most cited areas in the literature include chemistry, chemical engineering, pilot plants, and plant operation. Within these areas, there were considerable interest in synergism, diluents, degradation, contactors, surfactants, hydrometallurgical applications, environmental and secondary applications, and health and safety. The summary to the present is followed by a prediction for the future in the above areas of interest. These include the use of speciation; improved understanding of the role of surfactants on the system; optimization through modelling, pilot plants, and contactor selection; improvements in plant operation; further new applications; and plant safety. The review has indicated that considerable knowledge is now available to optimize and improve on process design and plant applications.

关键词： chemical engineering coalescence degradation diluents dispersion droplet size electrostaticpseudoliquid membrane environmental and secondary recovery hydrometallurgical applications

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