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The Shift of Traditional Agroecosystems in the in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Agricultural Sciences 2019年第10期10卷 1343-1358页

作者： Agnes G. Kapinga Abimbola Sangodoyin Olayinka O. Ogunkoya Marko B. Sulley Franco j. Mbegallo gordon T. Madamombe Department of Environmental Management Pan Africa University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agriculture and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Pan Africa University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agricultural Economics and Business University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Environmental Management Renewable Energy and Climate Change Research Centre Harare Institute of Technology Harare Zimbabwe.

The purpose of this study was to identify the drivers of the shift of traditional agro-ecosystems and their implication on catchment resources management of Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania. Lower Mngeta and Upper Zigi water catchments are situated within Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Household questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were used for collecting primary data. The findings indicated that most of the participants (85.9% and 90.4% in Lower Mngeta and Upper Zigi catchments respectively) depend on subsistence rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. However, there are significant changes in production as a result of land fertility deteriorating and negative climatic changes (seasonal shift). This has become a maj.r challenge for most of the farmers. To cope with agro-ecosystem dynamics, farmers in the study areas use both traditional and modern strategies as illustrated in the results section. While tradition always reported to be inexpensive, some modern agro-ecosystem practices reported to cause siltation, killing of fish and herbal plants, easy rotting of seeds (for maize) and bad aroma (for rice)in spite of having a high rate of return. It was also reported that depletion of traditions and norms of conduct, accelerated by multi-cultural interaction from immigrants, have led to deterioration of traditional agriculture practices. Moreover, arrival of agriculture companies and introduction of spice farming was reported to have caused manpower imbalance, unequal distribution of natural resources and less diversity of indigenous plants. The study concludes that communities are much into economic opportunity derived from agro-ecosystem than stewarding it. The study recommends that the effort restoring catchment ecosystem should come from both traditional and modern strategies so as to harmonize and accommodate environmental, economic and traditional values.

关键词： Agro-Ecosystem Culture and Diversity

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Anterior ankle arthrodesis

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2014年第1期5卷 1-5页

作者： gordon L Slater Stephanie C Sayres Martin j.O'Malley Sports Foot and Ankle Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery

Ankle arthrodesis is a common procedure that resolves many conditions of the foot and ankle; however, complications following this procedure are often reported and vary depending on the fixation technique. Various techniques have been described in the attempt to achieve ankle arthrodesis and there is much debate as to the efficiency of each one. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of anterior plating in ankle arthrodesis using customised and Synthes Tomo Fix plates. We present the outcomes of 28 ankle arthrodeses between 2005 and 2012, specifically examining rate of union, patient-reported outcomes scores, and complications. All 28 patients achieved radiographic union at an average of 36 wk; the maj.rity of patients(92.86%) at or before 16 wk, the exceptions being two patients with Charcot j.ints who were noted to have bony union at a three year review. Patient-reported outcomes scores significantly increased(P < 0.05). Complications included two delayed unions as previously mentioned, infection, and extended postoperative pain. With multiple points for fixation and coaxial screw entry points, the contoured customised plate offers added compression and provides a rigid fixation for arthrodesis stabilization.

关键词： Ankle arthrodesis Customised plate Anterior plate Fusion Synthes plate

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原发性慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗

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德国医学 1990年第1期7卷 23-24页

作者： horn,j.裘华德

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Early Mesoproterozoic evolution of midcontinental Laurentia: Defining the geon 14 Baraboo orogeny

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 37-53页

作者： L.gordon Medaris j. Brad S.Singer Brian R.j.cha David H.Malone j.shua j.Schwartz Esther K.Stewart Amanda Van Lankvelt Michael L.Williams Peter W.Reiners Department of Geoscience University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Geography Geology&EnvironmentIllinois State UniversityNormalIL 61790USA Department of Geological Sciences California State University-NorthridgeNorthridgeCA 91330USA Wisconsin Geological&Natural History Survey MadisonWI 53705USA Cameca Instruments 5470 Nobel Dr.MadisonWI 54711USA Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts-AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Geosciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

New geochronologic data from midcontinental Laurentia demonstrate that emplacement of the 1476-1470 Ma Wolf River granitic batholith was not an isolated igneous event,but was accompanied by regional metamorphism,deformation,and *** for such metamorphism and deformation is best seen in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Baraboo Interval,which were deposited closely following the 1.65-1.63 Ga Mazatzal *** Baraboo Interval strata,muscovite parallel to slatey cleavage,in hydrothermal veins,in quartzite breccia,and in metamorphosed paleosol yielded ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar plateau ages of 1493-1465 *** addition,U-Th-total Pb dating of neoblastic overgrowths on detrital monazite gave an age of 1488±20 Ma,and recrystallized hematite in folded metapelite gave a mean U/Th-He age of 1411±39 ***-Baraboo,arkosic polymictic conglomerate,which contains detrital zircon with a minimum peak age of 1493 Ma,was intruded by a 1470 Ma granite porphyry at the northeastern margin of the Wolf River *** episode of magmatism,regional deformation and metamorphism,and sedimentation,which is designated herein as the Baraboo orogeny,provides a midcontinental link between the Picuris orogeny to the southwest and the Pinware orogeny to the northeast,completing the extent of early Mesoproterozoic(Calymmian)orogenesis for 5000 km along the southern margin of *** transcontinental orogen is unique among Precambrian orogenies for its great width(-1600 km),the predominance of ferroan granites derived from partial melting of lower continental crust,and the prevalence of regional high T-P metamorphism related to advective heating by granitic magmas emplaced in the middle to upper crust.

关键词： Mesoproterozoic orogeny Ferroan granite Detrital zircon ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology U-Th-total Pb geochronology U/Th-He geochronology

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Kinetics of Iododeoxyuridine release from sodium alginate hydrogel in vitro

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介入放射学杂志 2006年第5期15卷 293-298页

作者： Mandar R j.gtap Ronald C McGarry Marc S. Mendonca gordon McLennan From the Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology From the Departments of Radiology at Indiana University Medical Center 550 N. University Boulevard Indianapolis IN 46202 From the Departments of Radiology University of Miami School of Medicine

Obj.ctive To investigate the kinetics of Iododeoxyuridine(IUdR)release from sodium alginate hydrogel cross-linked with varying amounts of calcium chloride, and to optimize sustained release for further periadventitial I125-labeled IUdR delivery to suppress intimal hyperplasia following angioplasty in vivo. Methods Four hydrogels,composed of 0.16 mEq sodium alginate and 200 g IUdR, were cross-linked with calcium chloride to yield ion equivalence (IE) ratios (Calcium: alginate) of 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, or 6:1. 2 ml of normal saline was placed on top of each hydrogel and allowed to remain in contact at 37℃ for up to 30 days. At set time intervals, the concentration and amount of IUdR in the eluate were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography using UV detection and Water symmetry C18 column. The data for accumulated release rate and concentration in the eluate were calculated based on the calibration curve of peak area versus IUdR concentration. The hydrogel morphologic degradations were also observed. Results The hydrogels entrapped 92.9%, 98.6%, 98.4% and 98.6% of the IUdR with 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratios, respectively. IUdR concentration in eluates from 3:1 IE ratio hydrogel decreased faster than that from other hydrogels over time (P j.Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 293-298)

关键词：碘苷释放动力学藻酸钠水凝胶

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Scalar resonant frequencies and Hawking effect of an f(R) global monopole

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第9期41卷 138-145页

作者： H. S. Vieira j. P. Morals Graca V. B. Bezerra Institute of Cosmology Department of Physics and Astronomy Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal da Parafba Caixa Postal 5008 CEP 58051-970 Joao Pessoa PB Brazil Instituto de Fisica Universidade Federal do Parana Curitiba PR Brazil

Massive scalar fields are considered in with a global monopole in f（R） gravity. The exact background is obtained and is given in terms of the Heun functions to study the Hawking radiation and the gravitational field produced by a Schwarzschild black hole solution of the radial part of the Klein-gordon equation in this general Heun functions. We apply the properties of the general the resonant frequencies of scalar particles.

关键词： massive scalar field general Heun function black hole radiation energy level

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Daily high-dose aspirin does not lower APRI in the Aspirin-Myocardial Infarction Study

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The j.urnal of Biomedical Research 2020年第2期34卷 139-142页

作者： Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler Zgordon j.ang Yury Popov Kenneth j.Mukamal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Division of General Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

Antiplatelet agents reduce liver fibrosis by inhibiting platelet activation and platelet-derived growth factor production. Previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest that the use of aspirin is related to reduced liver fibrosis. The Aspirin-Myocardial Infarction Study(AMIS) aims to examine this relationship in a multicenter,randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. The existing clinical trial of aspirin was conducted to study the benefit of one gram aspirin daily among 4 524 individuals who had experienced at least one documented myocardial infarction. The aspartate aminotransferase(AST)-to-Platelet Ratio Index(APRI) was calculated at baseline and annually from the platelet count and AST levels. Participants in the AMIS trial had a mean baseline APRI of 0.34±0.36, and only 1% individuals had APRI scores higher than 1.0, a common cutoff for cirrhosis. The daily use of aspirin was associated with an increase, rather than a reduction of APRI, by 0.007 per year(95% CI0.002-0.015, P=0.12). The use of aspirin did not significantly affect platelet counts. In a sensitivity analysis of individuals with probable significant fibrosis at baseline(APRI≥0.7), the aspirin group had a sustained reduction in APRI over time, although this change was not significant compared to that in the placebo group. In the AMIS trial, the daily use of high-dose aspirin did not significantly affect APRI, a surrogate index of liver fibrosis. This study highlights the need for de novo clinical trials to investigate the potential benefit of antiplatelet agents on liver fibrosis.

关键词： liver fibrosis aspirin APRI antiplatelet AMIS

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Road vehicle rollover prevention torque vectoring via model predictive control

Road vehicle rollover prevention torque vectoring via model ...

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第36届中国控制会议

作者： Hongliang Yuan Dong Zhang T.j.gordon Dept.of Control Science & Engineering Tongji University School of Engineering University of Lincoln

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

Conventional electronic stability control(ESC) system uses differential braking to stabilize the yaw rate and side slip of the vehicle *** the roll stability is critically important,it is absent from the current ESC *** this paper,an model predictive control(MPC) scheme is proposed that potentially can achieve both yaw stability and roll *** obj.ctive of the proposed MPC algorithm is to track a reference yaw rate and body side slip angle,which serves the purpose of yaw stability ***,a rollover prevention constraint is imposed to achieve roll *** MPC optimizes the vehicle dynamics by stabilizing the yaw motion while observing the rollover prevention constraint,hence the yaw and roll stability can be achieved ***,it is found that the optimization results from MPC intentionally introducing larger slip angles into the system to avoid rollover,which is a somewhat counter-intuitive action.A high fidelity heavy-duty truck model from TruckSim is used for simulations and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the TruckSim and Simulink j.int simulations.

关键词： Rollover Prevention Model Predictive Control ESC Torque Vectoring

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安氏Ⅱ类深覆（牙合）面型：一期矫治还是双期矫治？

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中国口腔医学继续教育杂志 2006年第4期9卷 56-61页

作者： Andre j. horn Isabelle Thiers-j.gou 柳大为（译）傅民魁（校）不详北京大学口腔医学院北京海淀区中关村南大街22号 100081

时间是安氏Ⅱ类患者治疗效果成功与稳定与否的关键因素。大多数低角病人在混合牙列期开始双期矫治，第一期为矫形治疗，随后的第二期为正畸治疗。垂直向的差异用以区分患者是否需要减数：高角病人常需要通过减数进行矫治，而与之相反低... 详细信息

时间是安氏Ⅱ类患者治疗效果成功与稳定与否的关键因素。大多数低角病人在混合牙列期开始双期矫治，第一期为矫形治疗，随后的第二期为正畸治疗。垂直向的差异用以区分患者是否需要减数：高角病人常需要通过减数进行矫治，而与之相反低角病人往往需要非减数矫治。对于低角病人，扩张软组织成为治疗的必要。在作者的临床实践中，70％的安氏Ⅱ类病历采取不减数矫治。安氏Ⅱ类矫治的新理念使Ⅱ 类错牙合的矫治机制具备更小的创伤性，因为咬合关系的调整需较小的支抗预备。大多数低角病例采用无需外科参与的双期矫治。未来的正畸医师需要的是更多的理念而非矫治技巧。

关键词：双期矫治安氏Ⅱ类深覆(牙合) 一期矫治非减数矫治面型治疗效果混合牙列期

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用正规化统计方法进行位场数据边部增强

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海洋地质 2013年第4期29卷 51-56页

作者： gordon R, j. Cooper 杨永(翻译) 任江波(校对)

位场数据的边缘增强能够有助于进行地质解释，目前的边缘增强方法很多，大多数都是基于位场水平和垂直导数的高通滤波器。正规化标准偏差（NSTD）是一种新的边缘探测滤波器，它是基于窗口的位场偏导数的标准偏差。NSTD方法在澳大利亚的... 详细信息

位场数据的边缘增强能够有助于进行地质解释，目前的边缘增强方法很多，大多数都是基于位场水平和垂直导数的高通滤波器。正规化标准偏差（NSTD）是一种新的边缘探测滤波器，它是基于窗口的位场偏导数的标准偏差。NSTD方法在澳大利亚的航磁数据和南非的重力数据研究中得到论证，相对其它滤波器，NSTD滤波器得到了更详细的结果。

关键词：边缘探测地球物理信号处理地球物理技术重力图像增强

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