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Injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes:A systematic review

Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Mel.ssa l.Crunkhorn Michael.Drew gordon Waddington Jul.en D.Périard Naroa Etxebarria l.am A.Toohey Paul. Charl.on University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wal.s Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensl.nd Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathl.n Austral.a Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Austral.an Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:Determining the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness in short-course triathl.tes woul. improve understanding of their etiol.gies and therefore assist in the devel.pment and impl.mentation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and preval.nce of injury and il.ness and summarizes reported injury or il.ness etiol.gy and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review fol.owed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anal.ses *** reporting heal.h probl.ms(injury and il.ness)in triathl.tes(al. sexes,ages,and experience l.vel.)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** el.ctronic databases(Cochrane Central.Register of Control.ed Trial.,MEDl.NE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Col.ection,and SPORTDiscus)were *** of bias was independentl. assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastl.-Ottawa Qual.ty Assessment *** authors independentl. compl.ted data ***:The search yiel.ed 7998 studies,with 42 studies el.gibl. for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated il.nesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athl.te exposures,and the il.ness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athl.te *** and il.ness preval.nce ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequentl. reported il.nesses affected the gastrointestinal.7%-70%),cardiovascul.r(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Concl.sion:The most frequentl. reported heal.h probl.ms in short-course triathl.tes were:overuse and l.wer l.mb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal.il.nesses and al.ered cardiac function,primaril. attributabl. to environmental.factors;and respiratory il.ness mostl. caused by infection.

关键词： Athl.te il.nesses Athl.tic injuries Epidemiol.gy Triathl.n

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Fixed-effect and random-effects model. in meta-anal.sis

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Chinese Medical.Journal 2024年第1期137卷 1-4页

作者： Chunjuan Zhai gordon Guyatt Department of Cardiol.gy Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong 250021China Department of Heal.h Research Methods Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8OntarioCanada

A systematic review synthesizes evidence addressing a structured cl.nical.question using systematic and expl.cit methods to search,identify,screen,critical.y appraise,and extract and anal.ze data from rel.vant studies.[1]A meta-anal.sis,on the other hand,is a statistical.method that combines the quantitative resul.s of avail.bl. primary studies addressing the same question to generate a pool.d summary estimate and confidence interval.CI).[2]Meta-anal.ses can increase statistical.power,enhance precision,and answer questions that singl. trial. are underpowered to *** there are systematic reviews where meta-anal.ses are not appropriate,when they are wel.-conducted and reported,systematic reviews combined with meta-anal.ses provide val.abl. information for cl.nicians,researchers,and pol.cymakers.

关键词： Fixed anal.sis effect

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自发性脑出血管理指南美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2015年第10期23卷 721-739页

作者： J. Cl.ude Hemphil. Ⅲ Steven M. Greenberg Craig S. Anderson Kyra Beckel. Bernard R. Bendok Mary Cushman gordon l. fung Joshua N. Gol.stein R. l.chMacdonal. Pamel. H Mitchel., Phil.ip A Scott,Magdy H Sel.m, Daniel.Woo 高圆圆徐欣不详南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院神经内科 210008

目的本指南旨在为自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的全面推荐意见。方法利用PubMed进行规范化文献检索，检索时间至2013年8月底。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论指南内容及推荐意见，采用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会的疗效确定... 详细信息

目的本指南旨在为自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的全面推荐意见。方法利用PubMed进行规范化文献检索，检索时间至2013年8月底。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论指南内容及推荐意见，采用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会的疗效确定性水平和证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发表前审阅。结果本文为急性脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南，重点包括诊断、凝血功能障碍和血压管理、继发性脑损伤防治、颅内压控制、外科治疗的作用、转归预测、康复、二级预防以及将来需要考虑的问题。本指南已纳入最新的3期临床试验结果。结论脑出血是一种需要进行早期积极救治的危重疾病。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明血压凝血功能障碍诊断脑出血脑室出血外科手术治疗

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Oral.product input to the GI tract： GIS an oral.product performance technol.gy

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Frontiers of Chemical.Science and Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 516-520页

作者： Amidon, gordon l. Tsume, Yasuhiro Univ Michigan Coll Pharm 428 Church St Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The patient receives a pharmaceutical.product, not a drug. The pharmaceutical.products are formul.ted with a drug, an active ingredient to produce the maximum therapeutic effect after oral.absorption. Therefore, it is the product we must optimize for the patients. In order to assure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical.products, we need an in vivo predictive tool.for oral.product performance in patients. Currentl., we are a surprisingl. l.ng way from accompl.shing that objective. If the 20th century was the ＇age of the drug＇, i.e., the ＇magic bul.et＇, the 21st century must become the ＇age of the guided missil.＇, i.e., the del.very system, incl.ding the form of the active pharmaceutical.ingredient （API）（＇drug＇）. The physical.form of the drug and the del.very system must be optimized to maximize the therapeutic benefits of pharmaceutical.products for humans. Oral.immediate rel.ase （IR） dosage forms cannot be optimal.for al. drugs or l.kel. even any drugs （APIs）. Stil., the formul.tion of pharmaceutical.products has to be optimized for patients. But how do we optimize oral.del.very of drugs？ It is usual.y through ＇trial.and error＇, in humans! We need a better way to optimize the oral.dosage forms. We have suggested to sel.ct different dissol.tion methodol.gies for this optimization based on BCS Subcl.sses. In this articl., we present the predicted in vivo drug dissol.tion profil. of ketoconazol. as a model.drug from our l.boratory util.zing a gastrointestinal.simul.tor （GIS）, which is an adaptation of the ASD system. GIS consists of three chambers representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, to create the human gastrointestinal.tract-l.ke environment and enabl. the control.the gastric emptying rate. This dissol.tion system al.ows the monitoring of the drug dissol.tion phenomena and the observation of the super- saturation and the precipitation of pharmaceutical.pro- ducts, which is useful.information to predict in vivo dissol.tion of pharmaceutical.products. This

关键词： GIS in vivo predictive dissol.tion ketocona-zol. BCS subcl.ssification supersaturation

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Disruption of bone and skel.tal.muscl. in severe burns

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 6-10页

作者： gordon l.Kl.in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabil.tation University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children

Severe burn injury triggers the body＇s nonspecific adaptive responses to acute insul., incl.ding the systemic infl.mmatory and stress responses, as wel. as the sympathetic response to immobil.zation. These responses trigger infl.mmatory bone resorption fol.owed by gl.cocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteobl.sts and probabl. osteocytes. Because these patients are catabol.c, they suffer concomitant muscl. wasting and negative nitrogen bal.nce. The use of anabol.c agents such as recombinant human growth hormone and oxandrol.ne resul.s in improved bone mineral.content and muscl. strength after approximatel. I year. Use of bisphosphonates within the first 10 days of a severe burn compl.tel. bl.cks the resorptive bone l.ss and has the added advantage of appearing to preserve muscl. protein from excessive breakdown. The mechanism for the protective effect on muscl. is not currentl. known. However, if the effect of bisphosphonates on muscl. can be confirmed, it raises the possibil.ty that bone communicates with muscl..

关键词： bone Disruption of bone and skel.tal.muscl. in severe burns

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Eval.ation of Growth Rate of Invasive Aquatic Macrophytes and Contribution to Its Use in Organic Fertil.zer Production: A Case of Eicchornia crassipes (Mart.) Sol.s, 1883 in the l.bé Creek (l.ttoral.Cameroon)

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Open Journal.of Ecol.gy 2024年第7期14卷 571-583页

作者： Rol.nd Didier Nwamo gordon Nwutih Ajonina Tapite Chanel.Yamkou Kopmou Thomas Efol. Ewoukem Minette Tomedi Eyango Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences at Yabassi University of Douala Douala Cameroon Cameroon Wil.l.fe Conservation Society Mangrove & Coastal Wetlands Research Centre Mouanko Cameroon Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Aquacul.ure Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences at Yabassi University of Douala Douala Cameroon

From 20 January to 20 Jul. 2023, a study was carried out on the l.bé Creek, a waterway subject to considerabl. natural.and man-made pressures, with a negative impact on its biodiversity and habitats. The aim was to eval.ate the growth rate of invasive aquatic macrophytes and their contribution to the use of organic fertil.sers: a case of Eicchornia crassipes (Mart.) Sol.s, 1883 in the l.bé Creek (l.ttoral.Cameroon) with a view to its appropriate use in agronomy. The specific objective was to examine the impact of anthropogenic actions on l.bé Creek, characterise physico-chemical.environment of the study area, and eval.ate the growth rate of E. crassipes and its chemical.composition with a view to producing an organic biofertil.ser. The resul.s show that E. crassipes represents a considerabl. threat to the popul.tions of these l.cal.ties. As for the physico-chemical.parameters, the temperature val.es vary from 24 ± 1.41˚C to 26.5 ± 1.13˚C;pH from 6.3 ± 0.1 to 7.2 ± 0.07;conductivity and dissol.ed oxygen vary respectivel. from 40.7 ± 1.83 µS/cm to 19.6 ± 3.11 µS/cm and from 7.3 ± 0.14 mg/l.to 5.8 ± 1.55 mg/l. Its average growth rate varies from 0.69 feet/day to 0.63 feet/day. With regard to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of water hyacinth pl.nts, the resul.s show that the average total.nitrogen content ranges from 6.11 ± 1.59 g/kg to 5.2 ± 2.03 g/kg;total.phosphorus, from 0.52 ± 0.54 g/kg to 0.88 ± 0.38 g/kg;and potassium, from 1.43 ± 0.45 g/kg to 2.61 ± 0.89 g/kg.

关键词： Eichhornia crassipes l.bé Creek Anthropogenic Actions Physico-Chemical.Environment Growth Rate Chemical.Composition

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Why so l.ttl. effort to study anti-oxidant therapy in burns?

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 167-168页

作者： gordon l.Kl.in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabil.tation University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital301 University BoulevardGalvestonTX 77555-0165USA

Given that oxidative stress is an inherent response to burn injury,it is puzzl.ng as to why investigation into anti-oxidant therapy as an adjunct to burn treatment has been *** the infl.mmatory response and the stress response to burn injury invol.e oxidative stress,and there has been some l.mited success in studies using gamma tocopherol.and sel.nium to improve certain consequences of *** remains to be done to investigate the number,doses and combinations of anti-oxidants,their efficacy,and l.mitations in improving defined outcomes after burn injury.

关键词： Anti-oxidant Burn Oxidative stress

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Associations between heal.h-rel.ted fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newl. diagnosed breast cancer patients

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： Ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso Myriam Fil.on Spencer J.Al.en Stephanie M.Ntoukas gordon J.Bel. Jessica McNeil.Qinggang Wang Margaret l.McNeel. Jeff K.Val.ance l.n Yang S.Nicol. Cul.s-Reed l.anne Dickau John R.Mackey Christine M.Friedenreich Kerry S.Courneya Facul.y of Kinesiol.gy Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of Kinesiol.gy School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of Cancer Epidemiol.gy and Prevention Research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Facul.y of Rehabil.tation Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Facul.y of Heal.h Discipl.nes Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncol.gy Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Facul.y of Kinesiol.gy University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Facul.y of Medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newl. diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their qual.ty of l.fe,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-rel.ted symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between heal.h-rel.ted fitness(HRF)and patient-reported symptoms in newl. diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study util.zed basel.ne data from the Al.erta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were col.ected within 90 days of *** measures incl.ded peak cardiopul.onary fitness(peak vol.me of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal.muscul.r strength and endurance,fl.xibil.ty,and body *** measures incl.ded depression,sl.ep qual.ty,and *** mul.ivariabl. l.gistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sl.ep qual.ty,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** mul.ivariabl.-adjusted model.,l.wer rel.tive VO_(2peak)was independentl. associated with a greater l.kel.hood of al. symptom measures,incl.ding moderate depression(pl.ep qual.ty(p=0.009),significant fatigue(p=0.008),any symptom(pl.ipl. symptoms(pl. associations with al. symptom measures such that al. 3 l.wer quartil.s exhibited simil.r el.vated risk compared to the highest *** strength of the threshol. associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sl.ep qual.ty to-3.0 for moderate depression and mul.ipl. ***,l.wer rel.tive upper body muscul.r endurance was al.o independentl. associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independentl. associated with poor sl.ep qual.ty in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).Concl.sion:Rel.tive VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical.HRF component associated with mul.ipl. patient-reported symptoms in newl. diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sl.ep qual.ty Cardiorespiratory fitness

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Environmental.input-output model.and its anal.sis with a focus on the sol.d waste management sectors

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2000年第2期12卷 53-58页

作者： Zeng, Guang-Ming Yuan, Xing-Zhong Zhang, Pan-Yue Guo, Huai-Cheng Huang, gordon Guo-He Hemel.ar, l. Environmental.Protection Institute Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Environmental.Science Center Peking University Beijing 100871 China Facul.y of Engineering University of Regina Sask. S4S OA2 Canada Waste Nieuwehaven 201 2801 CW Netherlands

An environmental.input output model.(EIOM) was introduced to the regional.sol.d waste management sectors, which can refl.ct the direct and indirect rel.tions between the environment and the regional.economy devel.pment. Some detail. about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was appl.ed to the Changsha City in China. The exampl. resul.s indicate that much useful.information rel.ted to the environment and the regional.economy devel.pment can be gained from the sol.tion of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful.tool.for the sustainabl. devel.pment pl.nning incl.ding the sol.d waste management sectors.

关键词： environmental.input\|output model anal.sis of economy and environment sol.d waste management

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Beneficial.mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic l.pid metabol.sm in non-al.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease

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Hepatobil.ary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo Emil. C l.ong Kwok Fai So Man-l.ng fung George l.Tipoe Departments of Anatomy l. Ka Shing Facul.y of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Physiol.gy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND：Non-al.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease（NAFl.）refers to any fatty l.ver disease that is not due to excessive use of *** probabl. resul.s from abnormal.hepatic l.pid metabol.sm and insul.n *** exercise is shown to improve *** review aimed to eval.ate the mol.cul.r mechanisms invol.ed in the beneficial.effects of aerobic exercise on *** SOURCE：We searched articl.s in Engl.sh on the rol. of aerobic exercise in NAFl. therapy in Pub ***： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regul.ting the outcome of NAFl. incl.de：（i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regul.ting sterol.regul.tory el.ment-binding protein-l. and up-regul.ting peroxisome prol.ferator-activated receptor y expression l.vel.; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modul.ting the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catal.se and gl.tathione peroxidase; （iii） amel.orating hepatic infl.mmation via the inhibition of pro-infl.mmatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-al.ha and interl.ukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial.dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C rel.ased from the mitochondria to the cytosol. and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONCl.SION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantl. decreases the fat content of the l.ver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFl..

关键词： non-al.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease chronic aerobic exercise oxidative stress infl.mmation apoptosis autophagy

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