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Estimation of total water storage changes in India

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1294-1315页

作者： Arun Mondal venkataraman Lakshmi School of Earth Ocean and the Environment University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA Department of Engineering Systems and Environment University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

Long-term droughts significantly impact surface and groundwater resources in India,however,observed changes in major river basins have not been well *** we use Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)at three different time scales(24,48,and 60 months)to identify long-term droughts in India for the observed record of *** characteristics(extent,events,frequency,and intensity)are analyzed for different river basins in *** trend in the areal extent of droughts is observed in two methods with three time scales in the maximum area(63.66%)in *** use the data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)to estimate the changes in the terrestrial water storage(TWS)during the period *** identify that major long-term droughts in India occurred from 1966 to 1969,1972,1986-1987,and *** all-India average TWS shows a negative trend from 2002 to 2015 with prominent decline in north Indian river basins and positive trend in south Indian river *** and SPEI at longer time scales are positively associated with TWS indicating the adverse impacts of droughts on surface and groundwater resources in such a populated region.

关键词： Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)

Clinical relevance of endoscopic assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis: Can endoscopic evaluation predict outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第42期22卷 9324-9332页

作者： Noor Mohammed venkataraman Subramanian Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences St James University Hospital University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Centre for Digestive Diseases St James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition characterised by a relapsing and remitting course. Symptom control has been the traditional mainstay of medical treatment. It is well known that histological inflammatory activity persists despite adequate symptom control and absence of endoscopic inflammation. Current evidence suggests that presence of histological inflammation poses a greater risk of disease relapse and subsequent colorectal cancer risk. New endoscopic technologies hold promise for developing endoscopic markers of mucosal inflammation. Achieving endoscopic and histological remission appears be the future aim of medical treatments for UC. This review article aims to evaluate the use of endoscopy as a tool in assessment of mucosal inflammation UC and its correlation with disease outcomes.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammation Endoscopy Disease activity indices Mucosal healing

3D E-CRUSE:Energy-based throughput analysis of three dimensional underwater network using RF communication

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第2期7卷 155-162页

作者： Pavan Ganesh PSS Hrishikesh venkataraman Next Generation Communication Group Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City(IIITS)AP517646India

Monitoring the ocean shore continuously in real-time is essential for important applications like port security,coastal surveillance,assistance in navigation *** needs a high data rate for the transmis-sion of data from underwater nodes to the *** communication is the traditional approach for underwater networks and offers long-range ***,the achievable data rate using acoustic communication is in the order of kbps *** frequency(RF)based communication per-forms better than acoustic communication and provides a data rate of up to 100 Mbps in an underwater ***,due to high propagation loss,the communication range using RF is limited to a few *** importantly,the underwater nodes are battery-operated and recharging the bat-tery is ***,it is imperative that underwater RF networks are analyzed using an accurate energy model for its deployment and *** requires that the underwater network is prop-erly *** this work,a cluster-based three-dimensional(3D)architecture for underwater networks using RF communication is ***,the energy-based throughput of the 3D architecture using multi-hop communication,3D E-CRUSE,is obtained using a mathematical *** throughput is then observed for various water environments,various parameters and the results are compared to the existing two-dimensional *** is observed that the throughput of the proposed 3D architecture is up to 3 times more than the 2D architecture.

关键词： Cluster Energy model Multi-hop Throughput Radio frequency Underwater

Clinical trial:Lactobacillus plantarum 299v(DSM 9843)improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第30期18卷 4012-4018页

作者： Philippe Ducrotté Prabha Sawant venkataraman Jayanthi Department of Gastroenterology(Inserm UMR-1073) Rouen University Hospital and Rouen University76031 Rouen CedexFrance Department of Gastroenterology Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General HospitalMumbai 400022India Department of Gastroenterology Gov Stanley HospitalChennai 600108India

AIM:To assess the symptomatic efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v(*** 299v)(DSM 9843) for the relief of abdominal symptoms in a large subset of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients fulfilling the Rome Ⅲ ***:In this double blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-designed study,subjects were randomized to daily receive either one capsule of *** 299v(DSM 9843) or placebo for 4 *** and intensity of abdominal pain,bloating and feeling of incomplete rectal emptying were assessed weekly on a visual analogue scale while stool frequency was ***:Two hundred and fourteen IBS patients were *** 4 wk,both pain severity(0.68 + 0.53 vs 0.92 + 0.57,P < 0.05) and daily frequency(1.01 + 0.77 vs 1.71 + 0.93,P < 0.05) were lower with *** 299v(DSM 9843) than with *** results were obtained for *** week 4,78.1 % of the patients scored the *** 299v(DSM 9843) symptomatic effect as excellent or good vs only 8.1 % for placebo(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:A 4-wk treatment with *** 299v(DSM 9843) provided effective symptom relief,particularly of abdominal pain and bloating,in IBS patients fulfilling the Rome Ⅲ criteria.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Clinical trial Abdominal pain

Impact of temperature and precipitation lapse rate on hydrological modelling over Himalayan Gandak River Basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3487-3502页

作者： Brijesh KUMAR Dipankar ROY venkataraman LAKSHMI Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering Bule Hora UniversityBule Hora 144Ethiopia Department of Civil Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology&ScienceMadanapalle 517325India Engineering Systemsand Environment Universityof VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

The hydrology of Himalayan region is influenced by temperature lapse rate(TLAPS)and precipitation lapse rate(PLAPS).Therefore,hydrological modeling considering TLAPS and PLAPS is crucial to manage the water resources in these *** this research,Himalayan Gandak River basin is considered as the study area where TLAPS and PLAPS vary significantly due to high altitude of *** assess the impact of TLAPS and PLAPS on water balance components,Soil Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model was calibrated(2000-2007)and validated(2008-2014)on daily time step for three projects i.e.,Reference Project(RP),Snowmelt Project(SP)and distributed elevation band snowmelt project(SWAT-ETISM).The analysis discloses that SWAT-ETISM model(which has TLAPS and PLAPS parameters)outperforms the RP and the SP models in predicting streamflow with improved statistical indicators R2=0.88,NSE=0.84 and PBIAS=***,it was observed that SWAT-ETISM model comprehensively improved the streamflow statistics by improving the snow water equivalent and water balance components through the consideration of TLAPS and PLAPS values for the ***,the proposed SWAT-ETISM model can be used for estimation of the water budget at the high-altitude and data scarce alpine Himalayan regions and worldwide,where PLAPS and TLAPS are substantial due to altitudinal variation.

关键词： Streamflow SWAT-ETISM Himalayan Regions Water balance Temperature lapse rate Precipitation lapse rate

Randomized MILP framework for Securing Virtual Machines from Malware Attacks

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1565-1580页

作者： R.Mangalagowri Revathi venkataraman Computer Science Department SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurTamil Nadu603203India School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurTamil Nadu603203India

Cloud computing involves remote server deployments with public net-work infrastructures that allow clients to access computational *** Machines(VMs)are supplied on requests and launched without interactions from service *** can target these servers and establish malicious con-nections on VMs for carrying out attacks on other clustered *** existing system has issues with execution time and false-positive ***,the overall system performance is degraded *** proposed approach is designed to eliminate Cross-VM side attacks and VM escape and hide the server’s position so that the opponent cannot track the target server beyond a certain *** request is passed from source to destination via one broadcast domain to confuse the opponent and avoid them from tracking the server’s *** of SECURITY Resources accepts a safety game in a simple format as input andﬁnds the best coverage vector for the opponent using a Stackelberg Equilibrium(SSE)technique.A Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP)framework is used in the *** VM challenge is reduced by aﬁrewall-based controlling mechanism combining behavior-based detection and signature-based virus *** pro-posed method is focused on detecting malware attacks effectively and providing better security for the ***,the experimental results indicate that the pro-posed security method is efﬁ*** consumes minimum execution time,better false positive rate,accuracy,and memory usage than the conventional approach.

关键词： Virtualization technology security cross-VM channel attack VM-escape R-VM-MILP algorithm(randomized VM allocation of security resources) Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) SSE strategy ﬁrewall-based monitoring method

Parameter identification through mode isolation for reaction-diffusion systems on arbitrary geometries

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第4期11卷 149-178页

作者： Laura Murphy Chandrasekhar venkataraman Anotida Madzvamuse School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Sussex Department of Mathematics Brighton BNI 9QH UK School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews UK School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Sussex Department of Mathematics Brighton BN1 9QH UK

We present a computational framework for isolating spatial patterns arising in the steady states of reaction-diffusion systems. Such systems have been used to model many nat- ural phenomena in areas such as developmental and cancer biology, cell motility and material science. In many of these applications, often one is interested in identifying parameters which will lead to a particular pattern for a given reaction-diffusion model. To attempt to answer this, we compute eigenpairs of the Laplacian on a variety of domains and use linear stability analysis to determine parameter values for the system that will lead to spatially inhomogeneous steady states whose patterns correspond to particular eigenfunctions. This method has previously been used on domains and surfaces where the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are found analytically in closed form. Our contribution to this methodology is that we numerically compute eigenpairs on arbitrary domains and surfaces. Here we present examples and demonstrate that mode isolation is straightforward especially for low eigenvalues. Additionally, we show that in some cases the inhomogeneous steady state can be a linear combination of eigenfunctions. Finally,we show an example suggesting that pattern formation is robust on similar surfaces in cases that the surface either has or does not have a boundary.

关键词： Reaction diffusion systems finite elements parameter identification eigen-value problem.

Robotic, self-propelled, self-steerable, and disposable colonoscopes: Reality or pipe dream? A state of the art review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5093-5110页

作者： Conchubhair Winters venkataraman Subramanian Pietro Valdastri Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of LeedsSt.James’s University HospitalLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUnited Kingdom

Robotic colonoscopes could potentially provide a comfortable, less painful andsafer alternative to standard colonoscopy. Recent exciting developments in thisfield are pushing the boundaries to what is possible in the future. This articleprovides a comprehensive review of the current work in robotic colonoscopesincluding self-propelled, steerable and disposable endoscopes that could bealternatives to standard colonoscopy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof these systems currently in development and highlight the technicalreadiness of each system to help the reader understand where and when suchsystems may be available for routine clinical use and get an idea of where and inwhich situation they can best be deployed.

关键词： Robot-enhanced procedures Colonoscopy Endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Colorectal cancer Colonic polyp

Direct radiative forcing of urban aerosols over Pretoria(25.75°S, 28.28°E) using AERONET Sunphotometer data:First scientific results and environmental impact

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2459-2474页

作者： Ayodele Joseph Adesina Kanike Raghavendra Kumar venkataraman Sivakumar Derek Griffith Discipline of Physics School of Chemistry and Physics College of Agriculture Engineering and Science Westville CampusUniversity of Kwa Zulu–Natal Durban 4000 South Africa Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science and Technology Optronic Sensor Systems Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)–DPSS Pretoria 0001 South Africa

The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network（AERONET） for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site,Pretoria（PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449 m above sea level）, South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth（AOD, τa） exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer（February） and winter（August） having values of 0.36 ± 0.19 and 0.25 ± 0.14,respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter（June） 0.12 ± 0.07. The Angstrom exponents（α440–870） likewise,have its peak in summer（January） 1.70 ± 0.21 and lowest in early winter（June） 1.38 ± 0.26,while the columnar water vapor（CWV） followed AOD pattern with high values（summer） at the beginning of the year（February, 2.10 ± 0.37 cm） and low values（winter） in the middle of the year（July, 0.66 ± 0.21 cm）. The volume size distribution（VSD） in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol *** single scattering albedo（SSA） ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440 nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing（ARF） computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） was- 8.78 ± 3.1 W/m2, while at the surface it was- 25.69 ± 8.1 W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of ＋ 16.91 ± 6.8 W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47 K/day.

关键词： Pretoria AERONET Aerosol optical depth Single scattering albedo Radiative forcing